Miscanthus wani babban abu ne mai tsinkaye daga dangin Acridifers. A yanayi, yana girma a cikin yankunan wurare masu zafi na Australia, Asiya da Afirka. Wasu nau'ikan sun yi nasarar saba da yanayin canjin yanayi. Ana amfani dasu don lambunan shimfidar wuri da hunturu lafiya. Miscanthus yana da kyau a cikin dasa bishiyoyi a tsakiyar ciyawa, haka kuma a cikin kayan adon ruwa mai tsafta da kuma kirkirar hadaddun fure. Strongaƙƙarfan lamuranta mai kaifi, madaidaiciya, an ɗora shi da ƙanƙan wuta mai duhu kuma an rufe shi da ganye mai laushi, ba zai iya jawo hankalin ba. Ba abin mamaki ba ana kiransa "sarkin hatsi." Hakanan, ana iya samun shuka a ƙarƙashin sunan "fan".
Bayanin Shuka
Miscanthus wata itaciya ce mai tsiro mai tsiro tare da tsayinsa ya kai cm 80-200. Rhizome da aka suturta ta shiga zurfin ƙasa har zuwa 6 m, kuma hanyoyin kwance a ƙasa suna daga ainihin ƙasa. Suna haifar da harbe-harbe a kaikaice, sakamakon haka, miscanthus yayi girma da sauri zuwa ƙwayar baza.
Ruwan yana tsiro a cikin ush set bas bas al al ush ush ush ush,,, located Farantin-kamar-fararen-kamar fararen ganye shine 5-18 mm fadi da tsawon 10-50 cm. A lokacin bazara, harbe da ganyayyaki suna girma da sauri kuma suna samar da babban taro mai haske mai haske. Tuni a farkon kaka, ganye ya samo ƙarancin kayan kwalliya na rawaya-rawaya ko launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi.
A watan Yuli-Satumbar, fika mai tushe na kare tare da sifa mai fasali mai tsayi har zuwa tsawon cm 30. Sun kunshi dogayen karafa masu launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi.
Iri da nau'ikan Miscanthus
Kimanin nau'in tsiron 40 ana samun su a cikin halittar Miscanthus. Yawancinsu sun sami aikace-aikace a cikin gidan, amma kaɗan ne kawai ake amfani da su don dalilai na ado.
Miscanthus Sinawa (Chinesean China). Sosai mai kauri 2.5-3 m mafi girma yana son dumin yanayi mai danshi. A kan tsayayyen tsattsauran layi, madaidaicin haƙarƙari a tsakiyar zahiri a bayyane. Spikelet mai tsaran-tsalle mai tsayi har zuwa mm 7 mm ana tattara su a cikin filayen sako tare da gajeriyar iska. Iri:
- Blondo - yana ɓoye sandararru zuwa 2 m high, tsayayya da sanyi;
- Miscanthus zebrina (zebrinus) - ganyen kore mai haske na shuka an rufe shi da gurnani mai kyau mai kyau;
- Flamingo - tsire-tsire har zuwa 2 m mafi girma a lokacin rani ana yin ado da tsayi, ƙyallen launuka masu laushi na launi ruwan hoda;
- Hinho - babban turf yana shimfiɗa ta ganye mai haske mai duhu tare da ratsi na zinariya;
- Nippon - a tsaye na dunƙule har zuwa 1.5 m high a cikin kaka an rufe shi da launin shuɗi;
- Variegatus - harbe game da 2 m high suna ado tare da kore ganye tare da fararen ratsi a tsaye;
- Rictaƙƙarfan ƙwaƙwalwa - ƙanƙan daɗaɗɗun kayan ado har zuwa 2.7 m high kunshi doguwar furen fure mai haske tare da farin ratsi mai launin shuɗi da m inflorescences;
- Malepartus - wani daji har zuwa 2 m high yana da launin ruwan kasa paniculate inflorescences wanda ya tashi a watan Yuni kuma ya juya ja a cikin kaka.
Miscanthus giant ne. Tsawon wannan hatsi mai yaduwa yana iya isa mita 3. Yana siffofin siriri a tsaye masu nauyi wanda aka rufe da bel mai kama da ganye. Farantin karfe mai launin kore mai haske ya kai 25 mm. A cikin faɗuwa, ƙasa mai laushi ta zama zinare. A watan Satumba, manyan launuka masu launin ruwan hoda mai haske-buɗe.
Miscanthus yana da cike da sukari. Shuka tayi girma mai yawa, tana yada turf kamar tsawan 1.5 m Yana daidaita da daidai yadda za a buɗe wuraren rana ko rairayin bakin tekun. Tsarin rhizome na wannan nau'in yana yaduwa kuma yana buƙatar iyakance shi. Dogaye masu haske mai haske koren ganye suna ƙawata tushen harbe. A watan Agusta, abubuwan farin da aka saba da su sun bayyana. Fansaƙƙarfan laushi masu laushi sama da jan launi mai ɗorewa ya kasance cikin hunturu.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Miscanthus yana yaduwa ta iri da kuma ciyayi. A watan Fabrairu, ana shuka tsaba masu girma tare da dunƙule fufts ba tare da magani na farko ba a cikin tukwane na tukwane da yashi mai laushi da ƙasa. Bayan mako 1-2, sai aka fitar da tsiron bakin ciki. Seedlings dauke da haske na yanayi mai haske da kuma zazzabi dakin. A watan Afrilu-Mayu, lokacin da ƙasa ke cike da dumin zafi zuwa + 20 ° C, ana shuka Miscanthus a buɗe a ƙasa. A farkon, bakin murƙushe ciyawa guda ɗaya ne kawai ke tashi sama da ƙasa. Kyakkyawan daji mai duhu ya ƙare a ƙarshen shekaru 3-4 bayan shuka.
Miscanthus Adult ya fi dacewa da yaduwar ciyayi - ta hanyar rarraba daji. Amfanin wannan hanyar shine adana kyawawan halaye da keɓaɓɓen kayan ado. A cikin bazara ko a farkon rabin bazara, ana girka tsire-tsire kuma an yanke shi ta hannu. An yanke harbe-kwancen kwance tare da kaifi mai kaifi. Dukkanin jan kafa dole ne a gudanar dasu tare da kulawa sosai, tunda tushen saurin lalacewa. Sakamakon delenki ana shuka shi nan da nan a cikin ramuka, suna zurfafa tushe ta 5 cm cm 6. A cikin watan, tsire-tsire suna da tushe, saboda haka suna buƙatar karin ruwa sosai. Sannan daji yana bada matakai na gewaye.
Ginin waje da kulawa
Miscanthus mai zafi-ana shuka shi ne a cikin ƙasa a cikin tsakiyar bazara na biyu, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke gaba ɗaya kuma ƙasa ta yi zafi. A gare shi, sun zabi kyawawan wurare, wurare masu buɗe, an kiyaye su daga iskar sanyi. Soilasar dole ne tayi da m. Yana da kyau idan kandami ruwa mai kusa yana kusa da nan. Soasa mai yumɓu da ƙasa masu yashi ba su da kyau don dasa Miscanthus, amma kusancin ruwan ƙasa da ambaliyar ruwa lokaci ba zai lalata shuka ba.
An shirya rami mai zurfi don ƙananan bushes tare da nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire na 20-50 cm. Tushen yawancin jinsunan miscanthus da sauri sun yada kuma mamaye yankin da ke kusa da su don samun karamin, shimfidar tsagewa kuma kada ku damu da cire hanyoyin da ba a buƙata ba a nan gaba. Kafin dasa shuki tare da gefen lambun furanni, an haɗu da filastik filastik 25-30 cm a cikin ƙasa .. Tun da yake ana yin iska da rhizome kusa da farfajiya, wannan shingen zai zama da wahala.
Babban kulawa da Miscanthus a cikin lambu shine kulawa da ruwa akai-akai. Misali, Miscanthus na kasar Sin bai yarda da fari ba kwata-kwata. Idan an shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai daɗi, to, a farkon shekarar ba su buƙatar hadi. Next bazara, ana shayar da bushes tare da takaddun ma'adinai mai hadaddun, kuma a lokacin rani - tare da mafita daga taki iri. Yawan nitrogen a cikin takin mai magani dole ne ya zama mai iyakancewa, saboda yana mummunar tasiri na ado.
Yayinda yake girma, ɓangaren ɓangaren mai tushe yana fallasa kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin ado tare da tsire-tsire masu fure mara girma. Kuna buƙatar zaɓar sahabbai waɗanda galibi ke girma a cikin ƙasa mai laima.
Don hunturu, bushe, amma har yanzu kyawawan daji ba a yanke. Ya zama kariya ga tushen da tarkunan dusar ƙanƙara. Heat-ƙauna iri suna bugu da coveredari yana rufe da auku ganye ko nannade da wani ganye daga wadanda ba saka kayan. A ƙasa a Tushen za a iya mulched da peat ko sako-sako da ƙasa. A farkon bazara, ana yin kayan kwalliya. Cire duk wani bangare na kasa.
Miscanthus yana da kyakkyawan rigakafi kuma yana da tsayayya ga kwari, don haka ba lallai ne ku kare shi daga ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan fata ba.
Amfani da lambun
Ana amfani da manyan maɓuɓɓugan kore na Miscanthus a cikin tsiro guda ɗaya a tsakiyar filin ciyawar kore, don kayan ado na wuraren rairayin bakin teku, a cikin wuraren haɗuwa, da kuma don ƙirƙirar allo ko shinge kore. Dankin yana ɓoye wuraren gine-ginen gona marasa ƙarfi da sasanninta marasa ganuwa a cikin gonar. Bushesoshin ciyawa zai zama babban koma baya ga gonar fure. Suna tafiya lafiya tare da peonies, astilbe, phlox, lilin, asters, solidago da ruffle. Bi da bi, waɗannan furannin za su ɓoye ɓoyayyen ƙasa mai tushe na mai tushe. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da panush na fure don yin furanni, gami da shirye-shiryen fure.
Ba tare da miscanthus da tattalin arziƙi ba. Shukayen bushewa mai bushe-tsire na fure mai kalori mai inganci. Ana yin pellets na boilers daga gare ta. Ana amfani dashi a masana'antu don ƙirƙirar takarda da cikin aikin gona a matsayin abinci da kuma zuriyar dabbobi.
