Osteospermum tsire-tsire ne mai girma wanda ke da manyan furanni. Kasar haihuwa ita ce Kwarin Kwakwalwa a kan Afirka, saboda haka ana kiran tsire-tsire "Cape Daisy" ko "Chamomile na Afirka." Furen yana cikin dangin Astrov kuma yana narkar da kwanduna masu ruwan hoda-lilac tare da shudi-baki ko shunayya mai haske. Saboda fure mai tsayi da yalwatacce, osteospermum baƙi ne maraba ba wai kawai a gonar ba, har ma a kan windowsill. Babban kayan ado ne don ɗakin kuma yana iya zama kyauta mai kayatarwa maimakon girkin da aka saba.
Bayanin Botanical
Osteospermum wata itaciya ce mai girma wanda aka girma cikin al'ada kamar shuka daya- ko biyu shekaru. Tushe reshensa da ƙarfi daga gindi kuma ya samar da wata ƙasa mai siffar zobe ko girma a tsaye. Wani ɓangare na tafiyar matakai na gefe yana gangara zuwa ƙasa. Tsawon tsirrai na iya kaiwa zuwa 1-1.5 m, amma nau'ikan da ke da tsawon 30-50 cm sun fi shahara a al'adar.
Cylindrical, dan kadan tsiro mai tushe ana rufe shi da ganye na petiole. Ganyen duhu mai duhu mai duhu yana da siffar madaidaiciya ko ƙwalƙwalwa. Fuskokinsu an rufe su da bakin hakora da tsagi. A cikin ganyayyaki sune ƙamshi mai ƙanshi wanda ke fitar da wani warin tart.
Lokacin furanni yana farawa a watan Yuni kuma yakan kasance har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Babban inflorescences-kwanduna Bloom a cikin babba na kara a kan danda peduncles. Durin su shine cm 3-8. Fitar da kwandon guda bata wuce kwanaki 5. Bayan bushewa, sabon buds ya bayyana. A tsakiyar inflorescence ne bakararre tubular furanni, fentin cikin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko shuɗi. Ana samun alamun digiri masu ruwan hoda da shuɗi-saman a saman zuciyar. Furanni Reed suna girma a gefen waje. Kayan cinikinsu sune ruwan hoda, lilac, rawaya, ja ko lemo mai laushi, a bayyane ko tare da tints, lebur ko ya juya zuwa cikin kunkuntar bututu.
Ba kamar sauran membobin dangi ba, osteospermum yana saita tsaba a cikin matsanancin, furannin itace. Bayan pollination da kwari, manyan duhu achenes balagagge. Idan danshi ya hau kan furanni, sai su yi sauri. Sabili da haka, don kare daga ruwan sama da raɓa, an rufe filayen da daddare kuma a cikin yanayi mai hadari. An buɗe furannin tare da haskoki na rana.
Irin lambun
Gaba ɗaya, akwai nau'in tsirrai guda 70 a cikin halittar osteosperm, amma kaɗan ne kawai ake amfani da su a cikin al'adun, wanda ya zama tushen magabatan yawancin nau'ikan ado.
Osteospermum na eclon. Mafi mashahuri iri-iri tare da ƙaƙƙarfan katako mai tushe mai ƙarfi yana ɗaukar matakai masu nauyi na 50-100 cm a tsayi. A harbe suna densely rufe da obovate jagged foliage. Tsire-tsire ba sa yin haƙuri da sanyi sosai, saboda haka a cikin wani yanayi sauyin yanayi ana ɗaukar shekara-shekara.
Osteospermum mai daɗi. Heat-ƙauna da matukar ado iri-iri, wanda aka rufe da furanni kusan duk shekara. A babban ruwan hoda-ruwan hoda babban inflorescences kunshi da yawa layuka na lebur petals da duhu blue-violet core. Ta dalilin wannan nau'in ne wasu nau'ikan da dama suka bayyana wanda filayen su suka canza launi.
Osteospermum matasan. Wannan rukunin ya haɗu da wasu yankuna masu yawa waɗanda suke da ban sha'awa ga lambu. Suna da tsayayya da yanayin yanayi, yanayin sabon abu da inflorescences da kuma iyawar petals canza launi. Mafi ban sha'awa iri:
- Sama da kankara kwanduna ne masu sauki tare da filayen fararen-dusar kankara da farin shuɗi.
- Kongo - furannin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda.
- Pemba - furanni masu ruwan hoda-shuɗi a tsakiyar an juya su cikin bututu kuma suna kama da karamin cokali.
- Osteospermum mai sanyi - shekara-shekara mai tsayayya da zafi da sanyi ta hanyar bushes har ya kai 50 cm. An lullube su da dumbin daɗin (cm 6).
- Peshne - ya watsar da babban kwanduna masu sauƙi na ruwan hoda ko shunayya a diamita har zuwa cm 5. Wannan nau'i ne mai daidaitacce, wanda ya dace da girma a cikin tukwane.
- Aquila itace mai sanyi dake jurewa sosai tare da kyawawan launuka masu duhu wadanda suke da kamshi mai daɗi.
- Kayan shafawa - saman gilashin lemun tsami furanni ne mai ƙaramin siket mai ruwan hoda.
- Sparkler - daji wanda ke da tsawo na 25-30 cm an rufe shi da furanni daban-daban. Fuskar furannin ta fari fari, kuma zane-zane mai launin shuɗi ne. A bangon ganye akwai ratsi mai launin zinare.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da maganin osteospermum ta zuriya. Kusa da flowerbed, idan ba ku cire inflorescences a cikin dace lokaci ba, yalwar seeding tabbas zai bayyana. Kuna iya shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude a ƙarshen Mayu. Koyaya, fure zai zo ne kawai a watan Agusta. Don ganin furanni na farko a watan Yuni, ana shuka seedlings. A lokacin yaduwar iri, ba a kiyaye haruffan kayan ado iri iri (launuka daban-daban da terry).
A farkon Maris, ana shuka iri a cikin tukwane na peat ko allunan a cikin rukunan 2-3 na inji guda biyu. An binne su ta 5-10 mm. Isasa ta jike kuma an rufe ta da fim. Ana ajiye su a daki mai yawan zafin jiki na + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Harbe zai bayyana a cikin mako guda. A wani wuri mai sanyaya, wasu daga cikin tsaba bazai tsiro ba. Tare da bayyanar da nau'i na ganye na gaske a cikin seedlings, ana canja shi yau da kullun don sa'o'i da yawa zuwa wuri mai sanyi don taurara. An saukar da zazzabi a hankali, lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, ya kamata + 12 ° C.
Don adana nau'ikan da ba a sani ba, ana yanka su ta hanyar yankan itace. Yi amfani da sashin sama na tsari 7-9 cm tsayi tare da ganye 3-4. Za'a iya yanke yankan ko'ina cikin shekara. Ana cire ƙananan ganye kuma sanya twigs a cikin gilashin ruwa. A ɗauke su a zazzabi kusan 20 + C. Tare da isowa daga tushen, ana shuka tsiran osteosperm a cikin ƙananan tukwane tare da cakuda yashi, humus mai lalataccen ƙasa da ƙasa. Watering ne da za'ayi a share. A cikin kwanakin dumi, ana fitar da tsire-tsire a waje. An shirya juyawa zuwa sararin sama don bazara mai zuwa.
Saukowa da kulawa
Osteospermum ana ɗaukar wata shuka mai sauƙin kulawa. Ya kamata a dasa shi a buɗe, wuraren da aka kunna sosai, tunda a cikin inuwa zai kasance ƙasa da yawa kuma buds zai kusan rufewa. Soilasa na iya samun kowane girma, amma mafi kyawun duka, furanni suna girma a ƙasa mai ƙoshin abinci tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗanɗana acidic. Don ƙayyade yawa na dasa, la'akari da tsawo na iri-iri. A matsakaita, an kiyaye nisan da ke tsakanin bushesin yakai cm 30-50. Yanke saman karamin shuka domin ingantaccen jaka.
Osteospermum zai iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi ƙasa zuwa -5 ° C da matsanancin zafi. Yunkurin farko na fure yana faruwa a watan Yuni. A ranakun Yuli mai zafi, gajeriyar hutu yakan shigo ciki. A tsakiyar watan Agusta, lokacin da zafi yayi rauni, fure yana farawa da vigor mai sabuwa.
Ruwa da osteospermum sosai. Shuka tayi haƙuri da fari fari, amma tana iya rage lamba da girman fure. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa ruwa ba ya tururuwa a cikin ƙasa, in ba haka ba tushen ruɓa zai ci gaba.
Tun daga farkon Mayu, osteospermum yana hadi sau biyu a wata. Tsarin gargajiya da na ma'adinai na tsire-tsire na fure. Young tsire-tsire na iya wahala daga sako sako. Kasa a kusa da gonar fure ya kamata a sako sako a kai a kai. An daure mai tsayi iri mai tsayi don kada daji ya fada ban da iska na iska ko ruwan sama mai karfi. Ana cire inflorescences na ƙoshin lafiya a cikin yanayi mai dacewa, to, nan da nan sabon buds zai bayyana a wurin su.
Idan a cikin hunturu yanayin zafin jiki bai sauka a kasa -10 ° C ba, osteospermum zai rayu har sai lokacin bazara, zai adana fulawa da harbewa. A cikin yankuna masu sanyi, don adana furanni, an tono tsire-tsire kuma an dasa shi cikin tukwane don hunturu. Osteospermum yana haƙuri da dasawa kuma an sake dawo dashi da sauri. A cikin hunturu, ana kiyaye tsire-tsire a zazzabi + 5 ... + 10 ° C da kuma kyakkyawan haske. Watering an rage muhimmanci. A lokacin bazara, ana sake dasa daji a gonar ko kuma a fitar dashi zuwa veranda daidai a cikin lambun fure.
Tare da kulawa da ta dace da shayarwa na matsakaici, osteospermum ba ya fama da cututtuka da cututtukan fata, don haka ba lallai ne ku kula da rigakafi da magani ba.
Yin amfani da maganin osteosperm
Kyakkyawan bushes, an rufe su da launuka masu launuka masu kyau, ana yin amfani da su sosai cikin ƙirar shimfidar wuri. Suna da kyau a cikin shuka rukuni a tsakiyar tsakiyar ciyawa, tare da tsarewa, a ragi ko a cikin lambun fure mai hade. Osteospermum yana haifar da lafazi masu haske da farantawa tare da furanni masu kyau da ƙanshi na dogon lokaci. Varietiesarancin ƙarami ko abubuwa masu rarrafe sun dace da ƙirƙirar carpet mai ci gaba ko girma mai ban tsoro. Dwarf iri daban-daban suna girma sosai a cikin fure da fure, waɗanda aka sanya a kan verandas, baranda da ɗaka.
