Calathea shine ciyawar perenni daga dangin Marantovian. An rarrabe shi ta hanyar kyawawan kyawawan ganye da furanni masu ban mamaki waɗanda suka yi kama da ɗakuna tare da ƙafafu masu tsayi. Calathea shine dangi na kusa da arrowroot da ktenanty, amma yana da mahimman bambance-bambance. Asalinta mahaifarta ce ta Tsakiya da Latin Amurka. Yawancin lokaci ana samun shuka a tsakiyar bene na ciyayi. A wasu wurare, furanni suna girma kamar fure-fure. Halinsa yana da ƙima sosai, amma kyakkyawa mai ban sha'awa ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman.
Bayyanar
Calathea wata itaciya ce mai narkewa tare da kwance, mai jan iska. A kan shi, an samar da maki girma tare da kwandunan mata. Manyan furanni masu tsayi tsawon shekaru suna kirkiro daji mai yawa 50-150 cm tsayi da fadin cm 30-60. Ana ƙara sabon ganye 5-6 kowace shekara.
An bambanta furanni da launuka iri-iri da launuka iri-iri. Dukkanin su suna kan dogayen petioles da ke girma daga ƙasa. Farantin ganye yana da laushi (yalwataccen ko elongated), kazalika da lanceolate. Takardar bakin ciki ta na da gefen bakin ruwa. A saman fuska wani sabon abu ne na shimfidar wurare, layin da dige. Yawancin lokaci yana da fasali dangane da jijiya ta tsakiya.
A cikin bazara ko lokacin rani, inflorescences ya bayyana a tsakanin ganye. Su ne masu haske ko fiye da na kowa. Kowane yana girma akan dogayen kafaɗa tare da sashin layi na madauwari. Purpleananan ƙananan lemo ko lilac na ɓoye a ƙarƙashin yadudduka masu kyau da kyawawan launuka. Suna samar da wata karuwar karuwa-mai siffar inflorescence. Ana mamaye launi da fari, rawaya, shunayya da ruwan lemo. Corollas masu kafa uku sun yi zagaye, sun lankwashe ko kuma sun kaifi, filayen kai tsaye.
Alamu da camfi
Calathea kyakkyawa ana ɗaukar furanni ne na kyautata rayuwar iyali. Bako ce maraba a gidan, saboda tana shan kuzari mara kyau kuma tana ba da gudummawa ga karuwar farin ciki, nishaɗi, da dumama. Jayayya da jayayya za su ƙare da wuri, kuma yanayi mai kyau zai kasance cikewa. Baƙi sun fi zuwa wannan gidan. Yanayin da kowa zaiyi zai kasance mai daɗi. Ga gidaje, ƙarin ƙari zai zama cewa kalatea yana ba da ƙarfi ga halayyar mutum da ƙudurin kai kansa ga rashin tsaro.
Iri Calathea
Gabaɗaya, a cikin tsarin Botanical, ana sanya nau'ikan 286 zuwa asalin halittar Calathea. Kusan komai na iya girma a gida, amma waɗannan sun fi shahara:
Saffron Calathea (crocata). Shuke-shuke suna zaune a gefen tekun Amazon. Ganyayyaki masu duhu masu duhu waɗanda suke da ƙananan ƙasa launin ruwan kasa sune oval a siffar tare da gefuna masu fiɗa. Baya ga ganye, kyawawan launuka masu haske na fure mai haske a kan dogayen launin shuɗi mai haske suna jawo hankali. Don wannan nau'in fure, wani lokaci ana kiran jinsunan "wutar har abada". Furanni suna fure a watan Janairu-Fabrairu kuma suka kasance har zuwa watanni 4.
Kullin Calathea. Mazaunin arewa maso yammacin Brazil yana tsirowa 40 cm a tsayi kuma yana tsiro fure mai duhu mai duhu tare da launin shuɗi da launin shuɗi. Suna ƙirƙirar ado mai ban sha'awa. Ganyen ganye yana da shunayya, ana iya ganinsa a maraice lokacin da ganyayyaki suka juya.
Calathea yana da ban mamakiita lanceolate (lancifolia). Wannan ciyayi har zuwa 70 cm tsayi ana samun ta a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. An bambanta shi ta hanyar dogon lanceolate ganye tare da jijiya ta tsakiyar kumburi da raƙuman ruwa a gefuna. Ganyen yana da faɗin faɗin 24-27 cm faɗin kuma faɗin cm 5. An tattara tari a kan ɗakin kore, kuma an rufe saman da duhu rawaya kore da ovals.
Calathea Varshevich. Babban daji mai yawa ya ƙunshi ganyen ganye tare da laushi mai laushi mai laushi. Suna da duhu kore motley launi da kuma m-ja baya. Loaƙƙarfan yanayin inflorescences na farin ko inuwa mai ƙamshi ya ƙunshi yadudduka masu zagaye, masu kama da fure-fure.
Calathea taguwar (zebrina). Kyakkyawan Tropical har zuwa 60 cm high ƙunshi manyan m ganye a kan dogon, fleshy petioles. Tsawon farantin takardar ya kai 40 cm kuma faɗin shine cm cm 16. Hasken kore mai launin yadudduka an rufe shi da bangarori da duhun duhu waɗanda ke haifar da sifa. Gefen ruwan juyi ja. A kan gajeren zanen gado, karamin farin da launin shuɗi inflorescences Bloom.
Calathea rufibarba, jan-baki. Itatuwa na samar da karami amma mai yaduwar ganye tare da kunkuntar, mai ganye. A saman foliage kusan launi mai haske ne na monochromatic, kuma a bayansa ana fentin cikin lilac-pink. Wannan nau'in ba ya yarda da spraying.
Calathea wacce aka yiwa ado (ornata). Dabbobin suna zaune a cikin tsaunukan Colombian kuma sun cika girmansu. Valasarta mai kyau, launuka masu tsayi suna girma 10-20 cm tsayi kuma tsawon cm 5 cm .. Fitsarin ɗan ƙaramin tsayi ya kasance cm 5 - 5. Karuwar inflorescences tare da farin ko farin Corollas sun girma cm 6 cm. Suna girma a kan tsayin daka har zuwa tsawon cm 30. Yawancin nau'ikan Calathea Sanderian ya kai tsayi 50 cm. Ya ƙunshi kayan ganyayyaki masu launuka masu launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da fatun launin ruwan kasa.
Calathea Makoya. Ana samun tsire-tsire na kayan ado na fure har zuwa 50 cm a cikin gandun daji mai laushi na Brazil. An rarrabe shi da babban, fure mai faɗi-m tare da m, kewayayyen wuri. A gefen haske akwai bakin duhu mai duhu na kore daga jijiya ta tsakiya.
Calathea Bahema. Mafi bayyanar unpretentious tare da ganye na fata lanceolate na fata an rufe shi da tsarin launin kore-kore. Tsawonsu ya kai 40 cm.
Rolat-tsallake calathea (orbifolia). Itatuwa mai tsayi zuwa 75 cm tsayi yana girma sosai, m ganye, zagaye zagaye tare da m kore surface an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa rawaya perpendicular zuwa tsakiyar jijiya.
Calathea Lubbers. Tall plant tare da m ganye har zuwa 40 cm tsawo. An rarrabe su da launuka masu launin asymmetric. A kan wani ganye mai duhu mai duhu shine lemun tsami mai ruwan lemo.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Calathea ta yadu da itace, tsaba da kuma rarraba daji. Ana daukar yaduwar ƙwayar cuta mafi wahala da cin lokaci. Yi amfani da sabo tsaba kamar yadda zai yiwu. An sown a cikin m kwantena cike da kasar gona takardar da yashi. Ana buƙatar nisa tsakanin 2-3 cm tsakanin tsaba.Rasan an matse shi cikin ƙasa, aka fesa shi an rufe shi da fim. Ana kiyaye greenhouse a zazzabi + 21 ... + 25 ° C. Bayan makonni 2-4, harbe suka bayyana. Yayinda suke girma, suna cika sabon ƙasa zuwa tsayin 1 cm. seedlingsauran da suka girma sun buɗe awanni da yawa a rana, sannan kuma gabaɗa cire mafaka. Anyi dasu cikin tukwane daban.
Don ƙwaya, ganye tare da petiole da ɓangaren sakin ƙasa yana rabuwa. An dasa shi a cikin ciyawar lambu mai laushi da yashi. An shayar da yankan kuma an rufe su da fim. Ana buƙatar fesa ruwa a kai a kai. Ya kamata yawan zafin jiki na iska ya zama + 22 ... + 24 ° C. Suna kuma samar da haske, yaduwar hasken. Ana aiwatar da juyawa cikin sabon tukunya bayan shekara guda.
Tsarin daji mai ƙarfi a lokacin dasawar bazara za'a iya raba shi zuwa sassa. Duk wani lalacewar Tushen yana buƙatar murmurewa mai tsawo, sabili da haka, yayin amfani da man, ana buƙatar taka tsantsan. An cire sashin coah ɗin labulen kuma tushen sa kwance ya ragu cikin numberan adadin da yawa. Ba da shawarar amfani da wuka ba. Laifin wuraren an yayyafa shi da ash kuma an dasa sabon tsire-tsire a cikin ƙaramin tukwane na ƙasa tare da ƙasa na musamman. Fara daga ajiye furanni a cikin babban zafi da haske na yanayi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine + 22 ... + 25 ° C.
Kulawar Gida
Calathea wata itaciya ce mai cike da ban sha'awa da yawan bukatar ruwa. Ba kowane manomi zai iya girma a gida ba. Furen yana tsiro mafi kyau a cikin greenhouse. Koyaya, tare da kulawa, daman samun kyakkyawan daji kore sunyi yawa.
Haske Tsire-tsire suna da haƙuri-haƙuri, amma zurfi a cikin duhu duhu ba za su ji daɗi ba. Ya kamata ku zaɓi ɗakin haske mai haske ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Tare da rashin haske, tsarin motley ya bushe, kuma tare da wuce gona da iri, ganyayyaki na iya ninkawa.
Zazzabi Don haɓakar calathea na al'ada, ana buƙatar zazzabi mai iska mai tsabta ba tare da sauƙaƙewa da ka'idodi ba. A watan Afrilu-Oktoba, yakamata ya kasance tsakanin + 21 ... + 24 ° C. Ragowar shekara ta kusan + 16 ... + 20 ° C.
Haushi. Dankin yana jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali a yanayin zafi na 80-90%. Kullum ki shafa kambi a kai a kai wani lokacin kuma a rinka wanka. Na gaba sai a sanya trays tare da busasshiyar yumbu da ruwa. Fesa ana yin shi ne ta hanyar kananan ramuka domin ruwa ya tattara a saukad da su. In ba haka ba, duhu aibobi na kan ganyayyaki kuma naman gwari yana haɓaka. Koyaya, waɗannan matakan bazai isa ba. A cikin lokacin dumama, masu saukin kai na musamman su taimaka. Idan ƙirƙirar yanayi mai gamsarwa don calathea ya gaza, zai fara bushe ganyen kuma ya zubar da su baki ɗaya. Koyaya, bai kamata ku yi sauri don jefa ƙasa da asalinsu ba. Sau da yawa sabon tsiro yana fitowa a cikin bazara kuma an sake haihuwa daji.
Watse. Calathea yana buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai domin ƙasa ta kasance koyaushe ana ɗan danshi. Ruwan da ake amfani da shi yana da taushi, da tsabta. Ruwan sama zai zama zaɓi mafi kyau. Yawan zafin jiki na ruwa ya kamata ya zama sama da zazzabi dakin. Excessarfinsa daga pallet an cire shi nan da nan saboda babu matattakala danshi.
Taki. A watan Afrilu-Agusta, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire na mafita daga hadaddun ma'adinai don amfanin gonar ado da ƙoshinsu. Lokacin da kake kula da maganin kaffron calathea a lokacin budadawa da fure, yana da kyau a yi amfani da takin gargajiya don tsirrai. Idan ƙasa ta kasance da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, rabin kashi da aka nuna a cikin umarnin ya ishe.
Juyawa An canja tsire-tsire zuwa tukunya mafi girma kowace shekara 1-2. Dole tanki ya kasance yana da ramuka na magudanar ruwa. Wani farin ciki mai kauri, sharri, bulo na birki ko yumɓu mai yumɓu an zuba a ƙasa. Soilasa don dasa shuki tayi:
- kogin kogi (1 sashi);
- humidu humus (sassan 2);
- peat (sassa 2);
- ƙasar sheet (2 sassa).
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Calathea na iya fama da cututtukan fungal. M, suna haɓaka a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi ko a cikin ɗaki mai ɗumi da laima lokacin da ruwa yake yin tururi a cikin ƙasa. Abu ne mai wahala ka iya shuka tsiron. Ana buƙatar yin jigilar gaggawa tare da magani mai guba.
Spider mites, thrips, da sikelin kwari kwaro daga cikin kwari. Don hana kwari daga lalata ganyayyaki, ana kula da kwari.
Don tantance daidaituwar kulawa, kawai kalli shuka. Idan daji ya girma da yawa sosai, ganye mai haske da fure a kai a kai, to komai yana tsari. Kurakurai masu mahimmanci suna shafar kyau na calathea:
- ya bushe ya bushe ya juya a cikin bututu - rashin danshi a cikin iska da ruwa;
- ganye ya juya launin rawaya - fallasa zuwa daftarin ko ƙananan yanayin zafi;
- ganye mai narkewa - isasshen hasken wuta;
- launin ruwan kasa mai bushe akan ganye - bayyanar hasken rana kai tsaye.
