Primrose shine tsire-tsire mai fure mai mahimmanci daga dangin Primrose. Hakanan za'a iya fassara sunan ta azaman "primrose". A cikin yanayin muhalli, ana samun fure a saman tsaunin Alps, haka kuma a cikin yanayin yanayin yanayin Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. Tafin furanni masu ƙyalƙyali akan ƙaramin harba ya bayyana a tsakiyar bazara kuma yakan daɗe sosai. A yau, primrose yana girma ba wai kawai a gonar ba, har ma a gida kamar kayan lambu. Akwai nau'ikan furanni da yawa tare da lokutan fure daban da bayyanar. Fulatan furanni sun san yadda za su sa wannan kyakkyawa ta yi fure a lokacin da ya dace, don haka a lokacin tukwane masu launuka iri-iri suna bayyana da yawa.
Bayanin Shuka
Primrose shine perennial, kuma lokaci-lokaci ciyayi na shekara-shekara. Ya yi nauyi a cikin girma. Girma yayin fure ba ya wuce cm 20-50. Itatuwan yana ciyar da rhizome mara igiya, wanda yake a cikin ƙananan yadudduka na ƙasa. Nan da nan saman saman duniya an samar da ganyen ganye da yawa. Ya ƙunshi sessile ko oval petiole, lanceolate, ko ganye mai ƙoshi. An zana su a cikin launin toka-launin toka ba tare da tsari ba. Juyin ganye yana santsi ko embossed, kumbura tsakanin jijiyoyin. A gefuna na ganye ne m ko serrated sosai. Saboda ɗan gajeren zanen, ciyawar tana da ƙamshi da laushi.
Dogon falon tsirara ya girma daga tsakiyar kanti. Samansa an yi wa ado da burushi mai laushi ko laima, kodayake akwai nau'ikan furanni tare da furanni ɗaya akan gajerun kafafu. Corollas na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi ƙananan fentin furanni guda biyar tare da zagaye ko, bi da bi, gefen nunawa. A gindin, ciyayen suna shiga cikin kunkuntar, dogayen bututu, kuma su tanƙwara tare da gefen. Launin furanni yana da bambanci sosai (a fili ko mai launi) - fari, shunayya, Lilac, ruwan hoda da ja. Cibiyar kusan kullum rawaya ce. Furanni sunyi nasarar junan su tsawon makonni 3-8.
Bayan pollination da kwari, oblong iri capsules tare da m gefuna ripen. A ciki ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙwayoyin elongated tare da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko ƙasa mai duhu.
Bambancin kayan abinci na yau da kullun
Tsarin nau'ikan halittar primrose ya hada da nau'ikan tsiro 400. Yariga, an kasu kashi 38.
Primrose talakawa (vulgaris) ko stemless (acaulis). Wannan nau'in ya shahara musamman a tsakanin lambu. Tsirren tsirrai shine 5 cm cm 5. Ganyayyaki masu kyau tare da dogayen farji suna girma akan gajerun petioles Suna da launi mai haske mai haske ba tare da fesawa ba kuma sun girma har zuwa 25 cm tsawo, har zuwa 4 cm faɗi. Furenn mai kamannin bakin ciki tare da diamita na 2-4 cm ana bambanta shi da launi daban-daban. An haɗa su a cikin babban laima inflorescence kuma Bloom a watan Afrilu-Yuli.
Kunnen Primrose. Mazaunin silin dutsen yana denser, m ganye tare da santsi, m surface kuma launin toka mai kauri. A cikin tsakiyar rosette ganye mai sikelin ne har zuwa 20 cm tsawo tare da m karuwa-dimbin yawa inflorescence na 6-7 rawaya furanni m.
Fine-yatsan fure. Kyakkyawan manyan nau'in har zuwa 30 cm tsayi yana girma fadi da m ganye tare da guguwar wrinkled da serrated tarnaƙi. Tsawon ganye ya kai cm 20-40. Babban inflorescence mai zurfi game da 10 cm a cikin fure na fure a kan tsayi mai tsayi. Ya ƙunshi violet, lilac, ja ko fari tubular furanni tare da diamita har zuwa 15 mm. Yawo yana faruwa a watan Afrilu-Mayu kuma zai iya kwanaki 40.
M conic na ciki (obconica). A herbaceous perennial da yawa zagaye ko m ganye girma zuwa 60 cm ba ga tsayi. Wavy petioles a diamita ya kai cm 10. Babban laima na fari, ruwan hoda ko shuɗi furanni ya hau saman su.
Primrose Sinanci ne. A shuka Forms wani m rosette na openwork lobed ganye. A saman su akwai shinge masu launin shuɗi-talatin-30 cm tsayi kowannensu yana ɗaukar fewan girma kaɗan (4 cm a diamita).
Primrose ɗan Jafananci ne. Lambun da ke tsiro na zamani tare da ganyen lanceolate na elongated wanda ke haifar da daɗaɗɗar Rosset. Tsawon 40 40 cm tsayi yana da ɗayan matakan ɗakuna na ladellate inflorescences, wanda aka shirya a cikin ɗab'i. Wannan nau'in mallakar rukunin candelabrum primrose. Girman dutsen furanni na launuka masu launuka daban-daban masu launin ja 3 cm ne.
Primrose yana da girma. Wani mazaunin Kudancin Turai yana haɓaka m ganye tare da ƙananan hakora a gefuna. Littafin ganye yana da tsayi na 5-20 cm kuma tsawon 2-7 cm. Kyakkyawan furanni masu tsini tare da diamita na 2 cm suna da launi mai rawaya mai haske tare da cibiyar haske. An tattara su a cikin laima inflorescence of 5-15 raka'a. Tsawon farfajiyar ya zama cm 10-35. Fulawa ya fara a cikin watan Afrilu kuma zai kai watanni biyu. Iri:
- Primrose colossus - furanni mafi girma tare da fure rasberi da tauraron rawaya a tsakiyar;
- Duplex - pharynx mai duhu mai duhu yana kewaye da filayen ceri mai haske.
Dangane da nau'ikan halittar dabbobi, masu shayarwa sun shayar da yawancin iri terry primrose. Sun bambanta da adadi da yawa da aka kwatanta da na talakawa. Daga nesa, buds suna kama da kananan wardi tare da fure mai ƙyalli. Musamman mashahuri shine Rosanna iri-iri iri-iri. Motocin game da 15 cm tsayi an rufe su da babbar madaidaiciyar ƙaƙƙarfan furanni masu fararen fari, apricot, rawaya, ruwan hoda da ja.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Primrose an girma ne daga zuriya, kuma ana yaduwa ta hanyar rarraba daji da ganyayyaki masu ganye. Ya kamata a lura cewa lokacin da aka shuka iri daban-daban waɗanda aka girbe, ba a adana nau'in abubuwan mallakar abubuwa na terrys musamman. Tsarin da kansu yayi saurin rasa germinsu, saboda haka ana shuka su da wuri-wuri.
Shuka bishiyoyi. Don yin wannan, a tsakiyar watan Fabrairu, ana shirya akwatunan m tare da cakuda turɓaya, yashi da ƙasan takardar. Seedsananan tsaba suna ƙoƙari su rarraba ko'ina a farfajiya. Suna dan kadan matse su cikin ƙasa. Don adana zafi, an rufe akwati tare da fim kuma an sanya shi a cikin injin daskarewa don kwanaki 25-30. Kuna iya ɗaukar akwatin zuwa titi. Zazzabi a lokacin wannan lokacin ya zama -10 ° C.
Bayan daidaitawa, ana tura tsaba masu sanyi zuwa sill taga mai haske, a cikin ɗaki mai zafin jiki na + 16 ... + 18 ° C. Harbe bayyana nan da nan kuma iri-iri. Lokacin da seedlings ya kai shekara 2, ana cire tsari. Shuke-shuke da ganye na gaske na 2-3 suna nutse cikin wani akwati tare da nisa mai nisa. Yayin da suke girma, ana ɗaukar ƙarin zaɓukan da yawa. Don bude ƙasa primrose seedlings za su kasance a shirye ne kawai bayan shekaru 2.
Ana shawarar daji wanda shekarunsa 4-5 suka kasu kashi dayawa. Wannan yana ba kawai damar samun ƙarin tsire-tsire ba, har ma don sabunta waɗanda suke. Yi shi a watan Agusta-Satumba. A baya can, ana iya shayar da tsire-tsire, a haƙa a hankali kuma an sake su daga ƙasa. Ana wanke Tushen a cikin ruwa mai dumi, sannan tare da wuka a yanka tsire-tsire zuwa kashi tare da wuraren girma na 1-2. Ana kula da tauraruwa da gawayi kuma ana dasa furanni da wuri a cikin sabon wuri.
Don katako, yi amfani da ganye tare da petiole da koda a gindi. An kafe a cikin yashi mai yashi. A wannan yanayin, an cire rabin farantin takardar nan da nan. Rike turɓaya a cikin ɗaki mai ɗumi (+ 16 ... + 18 ° C) mai haske amma ya bazu. Samuwar sabon kodan yana nuna alamun nasara. Bayan wannan, an dasa ganyen a cikin tukwane daban da ƙasa domin tsire-tsire. A cikin bazara ana iya aika su zuwa gonar.
Dokokin saukarwa
A cikin bude ƙasa an dasa fure a cikin bazara ko farkon faɗuwa. Yawancin tsire-tsire suna da tsayayya wa sanyi. A cikin yanayin yanayin zafi da kuma yankuna na kudanci, kullun suna hunturu a ƙarƙashin murfin ganye. Wurin sauka ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga iska kuma ya dan girgiza kadan. Ana sanya tsire-tsire kusa da bishiyoyi ko a ƙarƙashin hasken kambi na bishiyoyi.
A kasar gona ya zama sako-sako da kuma na gina jiki, ba tare da stagnation na ruwa. Mafi ingantaccen haɓakawa akan loam. Kafin dasa shuki, shafin ya haƙa kuma idan ya cancanta, ana gabatar da yashi, taki, da ɓarna-sphagnum. Ya danganta da tsawo na musamman iri, nisa tsakanin tsirrai 10-30 cm.
Yakamata a sake sanya maganin gargajiya a shekara bayan an gama fure. Overungiyoyin daji da suka yi girma sun kasu kashi biyu A sakamakon haka, ganye zai zama haske, kuma fure more yalwatacce. Soilasa don tsintsiyar gida na ciki ya ƙunshi peat, ganye da ciyawar ƙasa tare da ƙari da yashi. Wani farin ciki mai kauri na toshe magudanan ruwa ya zama tilas ne a kasan tukunyar.
Kulawar Primrose
Tare da zaɓin da ya dace na wurin, kula da biri ba zai haifar da matsala da yawa ba.
Haske Hasken rana kai tsaye an shuka wa shuka, konewa da sauri ya bayyana a kai. Zai fi kyau a bar shi a cikin wuraren inuwa inda rana kawai ke isa da sanyin safiya ko a faɗuwar rana.
Zazzabi Matsakaicin zafin jiki na primrose shine + 16 ... + 22 ° C. Mafi yawan lokaci ana ajiye furanni a waje ko kuma a kai a kai dakin. Don fure mai tsayi, kuna buƙatar sanya tsire-tsire inda zafin jiki ya kasance + 12 ... + 15 ° C.
Haushi. Yawanci, nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace na adawa sun dace da yanayin danshi na halitta. Duk da haka, suna amsa godiya da godiya ga lokaci-lokaci sprayings. A cikin iska mai bushe sosai, gefunan ganyen ya bushe ya bushe.
Watse. A kasar gona a tushen tushen fari ko da yaushe ya kamata ya kasance dan kadan m, amma ba fadama. Yana da kyau a shayar da shi sau da yawa, kaɗan kaɗan. Ruwa ya zama mai laushi, da tsabtace shi. A ƙarshen fure, an rage ban ruwa.
Taki. Sau da yawa a lokacin rani, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire mai ma'adinin ma'adinai tare da ƙananan abun ciki na nitrogen. Fara takin a farkon bazara. A lokacin budadden furanni da furanni, ana dakatar da miya da kuma sake ci gaba a ƙarshen bazara.
Cutar da kwari. Primrose yana kula da cututtukan fungal (tushen rot, jaundice, tsatsa, anthracnose, mildew powdery). Hakanan yana iya haɓakar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ko ƙwayar mosaic kokwamba. Ana iya hana cutar ta daidai tsarin kula da ruwa. A farkon alamun kamuwa da cuta, magani tare da maganin kashe kuɗaɗen fata (Fundazole, Topsin, Bordeaux ruwa). Duk wuraren da abin ya shafa dole ne a cire su tare da lalatasu. Daga cikin parasites, aphids, gizo-gizo gizo da slugs sun fi zama m. Kulawa da ciyayi da ƙasa tare da Actellicom da sauran kwari suna taimaka wajan kawar dasu da sauri.
A ƙirar ƙasa
Lambun primrose na godiya ga launuka iri-iri suna ba ku damar ƙirƙirar abin ado mai ban mamaki a wurin. Tun da furanni sun bambanta sosai cikin sharuddan lokaci, zaku iya zaɓar nau'ikan waɗanda, maye gurbin juna, za su yi farin ciki daga Afrilu zuwa Agusta. Ana amfani da furanni don yin ado da rabatka, tuddai mai tsayi, gadaje fure a cikin inuwar bishiyoyi, iyakar kan iyaka, bushes, babban tudu na tafki. Suna da kyau a cikin unguwa tare da muscari, tulips, daffodils, irises, phloxes, sabuwawort. Wasu nau'ikan da ke da karancin shekaru a kan dogaye mai tushe ana yanke su don yin bouquets.
