Eustoma furen fure ne mai tsayi a kan dogaye, siririn mai tushe daga dangin Al'umma. Dukkanin Amurka, Afirka da tsibiran a cikin Caribbean sune asalin ƙasarta. Ana iya samun kyawawan furanni a yau a cikin fure-fure da kuma cikin kayan tattarawa, duk da haka, masu furen fure har yanzu suna da ƙwarewa tare da haɓaka kuma ba duk asirin da aka bayyana ba. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda har zuwa 90s na karni na karshe, kusan babu fure da aka samo a al'ada. Ana iya samo Eustoma a ƙarƙashin wasu sunaye: lisianthus, "tulip gentian", "Bellar Texas", "Jafananci tashi", "Irish fure." Furannin furanni masu ban sha'awa suna da sha'awa a farkon gani, kuma a cikin gidan kore ana iya kiyaye su duk tsawon shekara.
Bayanin Shuka
Eustoma tsirrai ne na shekara-shekara ko na shekara da aka girma a cikin gidajen lambuna masu tsafta a matsayin shekara-shekara. Furen yana da shinge, amma na bakin ciki da hankali rhizome ba tare da tubers da kwararan fitila. A tsaye mai tushe branched, yafi a cikin babba. Suna da tsayi sosai kuma suna girma zuwa 1-1.2 m a tsayi. Fuskokin tsiron suna da laushi, koren duhu. A wuraren nodes akwai lokacin farin ciki.
Short-leaved, kusan sessile ganye girma adawa gaba daya. Suna da siffar madaidaiciya ko tsinkaye tare da tushe mai kunkuntar da ƙarshen nuna. Gefen gefe ya yi kauri, kuma farfajiyar fata ce. Fushin yana da duhu kore tare da mai kauri waxy shafi.
A na sama na kara kan jike mutane da yawa kuma yana samar da pan pan inflorescence. Kowane fure yana da tsayin daka mai kyau. A cikin duka, har zuwa buds 35 na iya zama akan shuka a lokaci guda, wanda ya buɗe, bibiyu. Corollas mai siffa da launin furanni tare da tutoci na kyauta na iya samun fasali mai sauƙi ko terry. Dansu diamita ya kai cm 5-8.Wannan yadudduka masu laushi tare da gefuna wavy ana fentin su da shuɗi, fari, shuɗi, ruwan hoda, tabarau lilac. Akwai nau'ikan furanni tare da filayen fure ko kuma nau'ikan furanni, tare da canji mai sauƙi ko ratsi. Kodayake daga nesa eustoma yayi kama da fure mai fure, yana da kusanci da kashin kaji. Tsarin tsakiya na fure yana kunshe da matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaici tare da ɗumbin tsotsa da kuma ɓangaren ovary zuwa kashi 3.
Bayan pollination, elongated iri kusoshi girma. Seedsananan tsaba masu launin shuɗi tare da tsummoki a tsaye suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ganye mai bushe. Suna da siffar oval mai rarrafe.
Jinsuna da iri
Halin halittar eustoma yana hade kawai babban nau'ikan 3. Daga cikin waɗannan, eustoma mai girma-fure ya fi shahara. Dankin ya dace da namo a gonar, a gida ko a gidan kore don yankan. Dama da kuma sarƙoƙi a cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren gangar jikin yana girma zuwa tsayi daga cm 150. Ganyen kore ko ganyayyaki masu duhu suna nan tare da tsawon tsawon sa. A saman hada da wani m, kama da bouquet of inflorescences. Manyan corollas tare da fure mai laushi ya bambanta a launi da tsari. Gaba ɗaya, wannan nau'in yana da nau'ikan kayan ado fiye da 60.
Babban iri don lambun da yanke:
- Echo - yada harsasai masu fashewa na 70 cm a tsayi tsayi tare da babban dodo ko fure mai launi biyu;
- Aurora - siririn harbe 0.9-1.2 m tsayi fure fari, shuɗi, ruwan hoda rabin furanni furanni;
- Flamenco - daji har zuwa 120 cm ba ga tsayi an yi masa ado da furanni biyu masu launi tare da diamita har zuwa 8 cm.
Dwarf iri don gida:
- Little Bell - harbe har zuwa 15 cm high yi wa ado da kananan sauki furanni;
- Florida Pink - furanni masu ruwan hoda mai sauƙi a kan mai tushe mai laushi;
- Rashin gaskiya - ƙyalli mai siffa-faifai mai tsayi har zuwa 20 cm tsararre yana gudana tare da farin Corollas.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Yana da wuya a yi girma eustoma da kanku a gida. Hanyar iri da aka fi amfani da ita. An samar da amfanin gona a farkon Fabrairu. Don yin wannan, shirya cakuda ƙasa na gona, yashi da peat. Zai fi kyau nan da nan a yi amfani da tukwane na peat ko allunan, kamar yadda rhizome mai laushi ba ya jure dasawa kuma baya buƙatar tara. An rarraba tsaba a farfajiya na kasar gona da dan kadan guga man, ba barci barci a cikin ƙasa. Bayan fesawa tare da ruwa mai taushi, tsarkakakke, an rufe kwantena tare da fim kuma ana kiyaye su a ƙarƙashin haske na yanayi da zazzabi na + 20 ... + 25 ° C.
Harbe yana bayyana bayan makonni 2-3. Daga farkon, suna buƙatar tsawon sa'o'in hasken rana, saboda haka ba za ku iya yin ba tare da phytolamps ba. A dare, yana da kyau don canja wurin seedlings zuwa wuri mai sanyaya (+ 14 ... + 17 ° C). Ana kiyaye shi a cikin babban zafi, amma ana iska kowace rana. Ganye na gaske yana bayyana makonni 5-6 bayan shuka. Don mafi kyawun nau'in sa alama, sa hannun a saman nodes 3-4. Saukowa a wuri na dindindin ana yin shi yana da shekaru 3-4. Wannan ana yin sa ne a ƙarshen Mayu-Yuni.
Kayan lambu, eustoma kusan baya haihuwa. Wasu suna jayayya cewa ana iya samun sabon tsiro daga tushen sassan, amma wannan tabbas akwai shakku sosai. Raba wani daji ko rhizome wata shuka ta jure wahala sosai. Wani lokacin idan girma a gida, a ƙarshen flowering, pruning na kusan dukan ƙasar shoot ake aikata. Wannan yana ƙarfafa bayyanar yara (hanyoyin basal). Ba da daɗewa ba, daji ya zama yayi kauri da fadi. Lokacin ƙoƙarin rabuwa da dasawa, ba duk yara tsira ba. Game da sakamako mai kyau, karbuwa yana ɗaukar kusan wata guda.
Shuka da kulawa a gida
Eustoma ana shuka shi cikin ƙananan tukwane tare da cakuda ƙasa mai laushi, yashi da peat. A kasan tukunyar ya shimfiɗa lokacin farin ciki na kayan magudanar ruwa. Tukwane zai fi sanya akan gabas ko yamma windowsill, kuma a cikin hunturu canja shi zuwa kudu taga. Dankin yana buƙatar tsawon sa'o'in hasken rana, amma hasken rana kai tsaye ba a son shi. A cikin bazara, kamar yadda aka rage hasken rana, ana amfani da fitilun hasken rana.
Furen ba ya girma da kyau a cikin ɗakuna masu zafi, ɗakunan kaya, don haka ana buƙatar samun iska ta yau da kullun. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine + 19 ... + 22 ° C. Furannin furanni baza'a iya sanya su a cikin daftarin ba. A cikin hunturu, ana canja tsire-tsire zuwa ɗakin mai sanyaya (+ 12 ... + 14 ° C).
Rage eustoma a kai a kai, amma a cikin ƙananan rabo domin ruwa ya ƙi yin tururi a cikin ƙasa. Dole ne a tsabtace ruwan da kyau. A cikin hunturu, an rage yawan ruwa, in ba haka ba ƙafar ƙafa na iya haɓaka. A lokacin girma da kuma fure, suna sake ƙaruwa.
A kusa da shuka, ya wajaba don kula da babban zafi. A saboda wannan, ana amfani da tsire-tsire mai rumfuna ko kwantena tare da ruwa kuma an sanya ciyayi da aka faɗaɗa. Ba'a ba da shawarar fesa harbe-harben ba saboda ruwa ya tara a cikin tushe na ganyayyaki da na furanni.
A cikin bazara da bazara, an ciyar da eustoma tare da maganin ma'adinin hadaddun ma'adinai. An zuba shi cikin ƙasa nesa daga mai tushe, don kada ya ƙone su.
Kulawa da tsire-tsire ya hada da girki na yau da kullun na wasu harbe da inflorescences wilted. Wannan yana ba ku damar adon adorativeness na bushes da kuma fadada rayuwarsu. Koyaya, koda tare da kulawar da ta dace, mutum baya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 4-5.
Eustoma a gonar
A cikin bude ƙasa, an fi shuka tsire-tsire na eustoma a farkon lokacin bazara, a lokacin budding. Tare da kula da hankali sosai, furanni zai bayyana wanda zai faranta ran har zuwa lokacin sanyi. Matsayi don lambun fure yakamata ya zama mai haske, amma an kiyaye shi daga abubuwan da aka tsara. Matsalar kusa da ruwan karkashin kasa ba ta yarda da shi ba. Soilasa ta zama sako-sako da wadataccen abinci, tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗanɗano acid ɗin.
Ana saukowa da yamma ko a ranar girgije. Ana kiyaye nisan 10-15 cm tsakanin tsirrai .. Domin makonni 2-3, sabbin abubuwan lalata da aka rufe da gilashin gilashi.
Idan babu hazo, an shayar da lambun fure akai-akai, yana hana bushewa da tururuwa na ruwa a cikin ƙasa. Ban ruwa ne da za'ayi kawai da safe. Nearasa kusa da bushes ɗin ta kwance kuma an cire ciyayi.
Ana yin riguna na farko a cikin wata daya bayan dasa shuki. Yi amfani da maganin takin ƙasa (Plantafol, Kemira).
Fulawa ya dogara da lokacin shuka shuka kuma yawanci yakan faru ne bayan watanni 3-4. Bloom eustoma zai ci gaba da faduwa, har ma da tsaftataccen sanyi. Ganyen yana fara yin sanyi lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi ko sanyi daga -10 ° C. Ba zai iya yin hunturu da shuka a cikin yanayi mai zafi ba, don haka babu ma'ana cikin yin ƙarin tsari don hunturu. Don adana furen da aka fi so, zaku iya tono shi da babban dunƙule na ƙasa, kuma ɗaura shi cikin tukunya. Har zuwa lokacin bazara, ana ajiye eustomas a cikin dakin sanyi ko greenhouse.
Wannan fure mai tsananin kyau ne. Ana iya samun sauƙin bayyanar cututtukan fungal da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Yin rigakafin yana bin ka'idodin shayarwa da yanayin zafi, kazalika da samun iska ta yau da kullun. Amma kwayar wuya ba ta wahalar da shuka ba, tunda galibin membobin Gorechavka dangin ana san su da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci. Sai kawai a cikin matsanancin yanayi, aphids, slugs ko whiteflies sun zauna a kan eustoma, waɗanda ba su da wuyar kawar da su tare da taimakon kwari.
Amfani da Irish Rose
Furen furanni masu ban sha'awa na wani sabon abu ba a banza suke kira Irish ko fure na Jafananci ba. Suna jan hankali da launuka masu haske da kyawawan furanni. Ana amfani da Buds akan tsayi mai tushe don yin furanni. Duk da irin halin rashin lafiyar da ke tattare da su, za su tsaya a cikin wata karamar dokar fiye da makonni uku. Abin sani kawai ya zama dole don canza ruwa lokaci-lokaci kuma ƙara tabletsan allunan carbon da aka kunna a ciki. Don kada bouquet ɗin ya zama kamar monotonous, yawanci suna yin hadadden hadaddun nau'ikan tsire-tsire da yawa.
A cikin zane mai faɗi, ana amfani da eustoma a kan gadon filawa. Graaranda masu daraja suna da kyau a wuraren hada abubuwa, da wuraren shakatawa na dutse, a farfajiyar ko baranda. Yawancin lokaci, tsire-tsire suna da kyau a cikin shuka rukuni na solo da bango na hatsi, ciyawar ciyawar ko kuma ciyawar da ba ta da tushe. Za ku iya shirya abun da ke ciki na iri tare da buds daban-daban siffofi da launuka.
