Calendula shine karamin tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire tare da furanni masu haske waɗanda suke kama da ƙananan diski na rana. Ya kasance ga dangin Astrov. Itace yana zaune a cikin Bahar Rum da Asia ta yamma, daga inda ya bazu ko'ina cikin duniya. Calendula sanannu ne ga mutane da yawa kamar marigolds. Ya shahara sosai a cikin jama'a da magani na yau da kullun, saboda yana da kaddarorin da yawa masu amfani. Hakanan ana amfani dashi azaman kayan lambu na ornamental plant. Dogon furanni da ƙanshi mai daɗin ci yana da fa'ida sosai. Haka kuma, lambu fi son na ado irin nau'in calendula, wanda ya juya a cikin wani m zubin zinariya.
Halayen Botanical
Daga cikin tsire-tsire na calendula na shekara da na perennial ana samun su. Suna da sandar rhizome kuma madaidaiciya, kara mai dan kadan mai nauyin 15-75 cm tsayi a farfajiya mai launin kore mai duhu akwai villi mai tsauri, yana sanya shi m da taɓawa.
Dukkanin jerin ganye suna da launin koren launi mai cikakken launi da siffar obovate ko m. Kusa da tushe, tushen ganye ya samar da gajeriyar suttura. Gefenta yana zagaye.
Tuni a farkon watan Yuni, inflorescences guda a cikin kwandon kwandon ya bayyana akan fika na mai tushe. Durinsu ya kai cm 4-7. Aikin kaɗa 1-2 layuka na furanni Reed na mata tare da filayen lebur ana samunsu a gefen gefen. Wani fasali na musamman shine cewa acikin su ne 'ya'yan itatuwa suke daure. Kodayake furannin tsakiyar tubular na tsakiya suna da biyun, suna da ƙasa gaba ɗaya. A cikin launi na inflorescences, launuka rawaya da orange sun mamaye. Tare da kulawar da ta dace, fure ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon lokacin sanyi. Yana tare da ƙanshin zafin mai zafi.
Pollination na faruwa ne da taimakon kwari, bayan wannan 'ya'yan itaciyar sun girma cikin wata guda. An shirya akwatunan iri a cikin layuka da yawa a cikin hanyar zobe a kewayen kewaye na inflorescence. Yankakken siffa masu zagaye-zagaye suna da yadudduka da launi mai launin shuɗi.
Iri da nau'ikan calendula
Gaba ɗaya, akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire har kusan 20 a cikin asalin halittar calendula, amma biyu kawai daga cikinsu ana amfani da su a cikin al'ada.
Filin Calendula. Wannan yawancin nau'ikan ana amfani dashi don ado maimakon dalilai na magani. Bikin shekara mai nauyin 10-30 cm ba mai rauni ba ne. The mai tushe tare da glandular pubescence an rufe shi da rare obovate ganye. A watan Mayu-Yuni, kwanduna masu sauƙi masu sauƙi tare da nisan mitoci na 7 cm a buɗe .. Tushen inflorescence mai launin rawaya mai haske, kuma furannin suna launin toka-rawaya. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin hanyar wrinkled arcuate tsaba tare da prickly kumbura surface ripen a Yuli.
Calendula officinalis. Shekarar ta girma yana kafa ta, kusan unmranched kara har zuwa 75 cm ba tsayi. Yataccen lokacin farin ciki ya kama. Wani katon tari yana bayyane akan wani abu mai haske na kore. Wani furen kore mai haske na fure mai launi ko siffar obovate yana faɗaɗa zuwa gefen. Haske mai haske mai haske tare da ƙananan karafa a cikin diamita shine 5 cm cm 5. Achenes sun bambanta da sifa da kuma matakin lanƙwasa. Dangane da wannan nau'in, shayarwa sun haɓaka nau'ikan kayan ado. Terry calendula ya zama sananne musamman. Mafi ban sha'awa daga cikin iri:
- Rediyo - dogayen harbe 35-45 cm tsayi an rufe shi da ganyen oval tare da hanyar sadarwa ta veins, embossal inflorescences 6-7 cm wide suna da launi mai haske;
- Yuvel - wani ɗan ƙaramin daji mai zurfi na 40-50 cm a diamita yana haɓaka furen ganye mai haske da fure kuma manyan fure kwandon orange-ninki biyu tare da diamita na 5-8 cm;
- Bonbon - daji har zuwa 30 cm tsayi blooms densely terracotta inflorescences tare da diamita na 8 cm;
- Yariman Indiya - ya harbi 75 cm mai tsayi tare da kwandunan kwalliyar Orange tare da daskararren tagulla da filayen burgundy da aka yanke tare da gefen.
Yabon fure
Calendula yana girma daga tsaba, saboda kusan dukkanin cultivars sune shekara. Su za a iya shuka nan da nan a cikin ƙasa bude ko pre-girma seedlings. Hanyar seedling tana buƙatar ƙoƙari kaɗan, amma yana ba ku damar samun tsire-tsire fure a baya. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da wannan hanyar don ƙananan nau'in kayan ado.
A ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Afrilu, ana rarraba tsaba ba tare da shiri na farko cikin kofuna na peat na musamman ko kwantena tare da cakuda ƙasa ta musamman don tsire-tsire na fure ba. 1-2 cm na duniya an zuba a saman. An fesa ciyayi da ruwa mai ɗumi kuma an rufe shi da fim. Ana adana gidan kore a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa tare da zazzabi na + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Bayan mako guda, lokacin da harbe suka bayyana, an cire fim ɗin kuma an canja akwati zuwa wurin mai sanyaya (ba ya fi + 14 ... + 15 ° C) ba. Ya kamata a sa 'ya'yan itacen a cikin haske na yanayi kuma a shayar a kai a kai. Sau biyu ko sau uku a wata, ana ciyar da su da hadaddun ma'adinan ma'adanan. Seedlings tare da ganye na gaske guda biyu suna nutse cikin kwantena daban ko a cikin drawers tare da nesa na 5 cm.
Don guje wa matsalolin da ba dole ba, ana iya yin amfanin gona nan da nan a cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da ya dace don wannan: Oktoba ko Afrilu. Kwana 10-15 kafin dasa shuki, yakamata a haƙa rukunin ƙasa kuma a ƙara humus, haka kuma ma'adinin ma'adinai (potassium chloride, superphosphate, urea). An rarraba tsaba a cikin rijiyoyin tare da zurfin 1-2 cm. Amfani da jeri ya kamata ya zama cm 60-70. Lokacin da ƙasa tayi ɗamara, seedlings zai fara bayyana. Ganyen calendula ya kasance mai bakin ciki wanda ya sa nisan dake tsakanin tsirrai ya zama cm 25-30 Idan ya shuka ya zama dole don tara kayan albarkatun magunguna, to, za a iya rage tazara.
Ba tare da la’akari da hanyar shuka ba, tsiron calendula yana faruwa watanni 2.5 bayan fitowar su.
Saukowa da kulawa
'Ya'yan da suka girma da haihuwa suna motsawa zuwa ga ƙasa a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Mayu, lokacin da ganye 5-6 suka bayyana akan tsire-tsire. Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin a shirya taron ya kamata a taurara, a bar tukwane na furanni a lokutan hasken rana a kan titi. Calendula yana da sauƙin sanyi-yana iya jurewa, yana da ikon jure rashin saurin dare.
Wurin sauka ya kamata ya kasance bude da rana, kuma kasar gona m, m da sako-sako. Sakamakon ƙanshi mai zafi, calendula tana tsoratar da kwari, don haka ana dasa shi sau da yawa a cikin lambu tsakanin gadaje tare da kayan lambu.
Kula da tsire-tsire yana da sauƙi. An ba da shawarar a shayar da ciyawar a kai a kai kuma a kwance ta yadda ɓawon burodi ba ya kafa a kan ƙasa, yana hana iska isa asalin sa. A ranakun zafi, ana shayar da tsire-tsire sosai, amma domin ruwan bai tsai da tushe ba na dogon lokaci.
Don haɓaka da ya dace, calendula yana buƙatar kayan miya. Kowane wata, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire ammophos ko nitrophos. Yana da mahimmanci kada su wuce sashi da aka nuna, saboda wuce haddi na nitrogen a cikin ƙasa yana sa inflorescences yayi pale da ƙasa da bayyanawa.
Akwai karamin abin zamba wanda zai baka damar sanya fure yalwatacce da tsayi. Don yin wannan, ya kamata a yanke corollas a buɗe gaba ɗaya, ba tare da jira har sai sun gama da kansu ba. A sakamakon haka, babban adadin sabon buds zai samar. Ta maimaita wannan hanya a kai a kai, zai yuwu a faɗaɗa fure zuwa kaka mai sanyi. In ba haka ba, zai ƙare cikin wata guda.
Irin nau'in kayan ado na ornamental sune annuals, saboda haka ba ma'ana ya kiyaye su a cikin hunturu. A cikin kaka, ciyawar takan lalace gaba daya kuma an girke filin. Tsaba ya zube daga cikin ciyawar kafin ya fashe. Idan ba ka kawar da kawunan cikin lokaci ba, kana bukatar ka kasance cikin shiri don yawan shuka kai mai zuwa.
Calendula yana fama da cututtuka na lokaci-lokaci ba tare da cututtuka da kwari ba. Sai kawai tare da daskararre damp ɗin zai iya kasancewa mildew mai narkewa da baƙar fata ba haɓaka a kai. Yaƙi cututtuka suna da wuya, fungicides (Topaz, Topsin da sauransu) zasu zo don ceto. Yin rigakafin naman gwari shine thinning lokacin farin ciki. Kamshin fure mai fure na tsoratar da kashe kwari, saboda haka kusan babu wanda zai zauna akan shuka. Banda shi ne aphids. Idan wannan gurbi yana kan shafin, to da farko an samo shi akan calendula. Ma'aikatan sinadarai za su taimaka wa masu girbi (Karbofos, Aktellik, Antitlin).
Abun da ke ciki da kuma kaddarorin magani
Amfani da calendula yana da girma sosai har ta dasa dukkanin tsire-tsire don haɗuwar masana'antu. A matsayin kayan abinci na ƙasa, kawai ake amfani da cikakken kwanduna. Sun ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na flavonoids, tannins, phytoncides, mai mai, alkaloids, mai mahimmanci, carotene, haushi.
Za'a iya adanar furanni masu bushe har zuwa shekaru biyu. Ana amfani dasu don shirye-shiryen barasa da tinctures na ruwa, kayan ado, mai, maganin shafawa. Calendula yana da alamomi masu zuwa don amfani:
- hauhawar jini
- bugun zuciya;
- ciwon ciki;
- gastritis;
- cholelithiasis;
- cholecystitis;
- lalata igiyar ciki;
- trichomoniasis;
- ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta;
- kumburi a fata da raunuka na purulent;
- fuka
- fitar;
- stomatitis.
Calendula ya kasance yana matukar son mata. Tana kulawa da lafiyar haihuwa, kawar da kumburi da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma hana ɓarna da haɓaka mai guba yayin daukar ciki. Bugu da kari, shuka yana kula da kyawun matan. Ya isa a shafa fata a kullun tare da tincture na giya don kawar da kuraje, kumburi da bruises. Rinsing gashi tare da kayan ado na ganye tare da calendula, hops da chamomile, zaku iya inganta yanayin su kuma ku ba da haske sosai.
Contraindications don ɗaukar calendula na iya zama yanayin haɓakar hypotension, bradycardia da halayen rashin lafiyan mutum.
Amfani da lambun
Ana amfani da ƙusoshin hasken rana a cikin filin ƙasa don yin ado da gado na fure a cikin ɗabi'a na dabi'a ko tsatsa, rabatka, wuraren haɗuwa, da kuma don yin kwalliyar baranda da wuraren shakatawa, kamar tsire-tsire. Ana amfani da ƙarancin nau'ikan a cikin tef ɗin ƙungiyar ko filayen magana a kan rago na ƙarshe na lawn, kuma manyan za su zama kyakkyawan yanayi a tsakiya ko asalin furen. Ana bayar da shawarar furanni masu haske-shuɗi mai haske tare da fari, shuɗi ko shunayya. Tare tare da calendula, ageratum, zinnia, furen furanni, eshsoltsia da rudbeckia ana shuka su. Za'a iya samun saɓani da yawa, babban abin shine a daidaita kalandar fure ta yadda lambun fure a duk lokacin bazara ya ke da launuka masu haske.
