Asiri na Nasarar Apricot Alurar riga kafi

Alurar riga kafi ita ce babbar hanyar yaduwa da apricots, wanda zai baka damar adana dukkan halayen 'ya'yan itace, ƙara yawan kayan aiki da bayar da itacen ƙarin kaddarorin, kamar juriya sanyi da haƙurin fari. Sabon shiga galibi yana jin tsoron yin wannan hanyar, kodayake ƙwarewar dabarar yin maganin apricot akan nasu abu ne mai sauki. Kowane mutum na iya yin aikin ta hanyar bincika kayan cikin wannan labarin.

Abin da lokaci don dasa apricot

Lokacin alurar riga kafi ya yanke hukunci game da ingancinsa. A kowane kakar, hanya tana da halaye nasa kuma yana dogara da matakin tsirrai na tsirrai.

Lokaci mafi kyau ga ayyukan rigakafin, a cewar masana, ana ganin ya kasance farkon lokacin bazara ne, lokacin da motsi na abubuwan gina jiki suka fara gangar jikin. Takamaiman lokacin yin rigakafin ya dogara da yanayin yanayin yankin kuma ya bambanta daga farkon Maris zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu.

Lokacin zabar ranar rigakafin bazara, kula da karatun thermometer

Kuna iya ƙayyade mafi kyawun lokacin don rigakafin apricot na bazara da kanku. Yana halatta a fara aikin idan duk sharuɗan 3 sun cika:

1. Barazanar dusar ƙanƙara ta wuce.
2. Zafin iska a lokacin rana sama da 6 ^{game da}C kuma baya fadi kasa 0 da daddare.
3. Itace tana da kumburin kumbura.

Wani sanannen alama yana cewa: lokacin da ƙasa ta cika shebur akan bayonets guda biyu, yayi dai-dai ne don fara noman kayan itace.

Sau da yawa ana yin rigakafin apricot na bazara kuma ana yin sa. Ana yin sa yayin ragin ruwan na biyu - daga ƙarshen Yuli zuwa ƙarnin na uku na watan Agusta. Karatun itace don tiyata ya dogara ne da matsayin matsayin rabuwa da haushi daga itace lokacin da aka tsara. Idan bawo ya fita da kyau, dasawa zai iya farawa. A lokacin bazara, ganyen kore suna zama rigakafi, wanda shine ɗayan alfanun yin rigakafi a wannan lokacin.

Yawancin bishiyoyi na Apricot ba sa shuka sosai a cikin kaka, kuma mazauna yankunan kudancin kawai tare da ruwan sanyi mai laushi. Ranar karewa don kammala aikin shine 15 ga Satumba, saboda kafin sanyi na farko masu tofin nunannun suyi nasarar ɗaukar tushen jari. Kwararrun lambu bugu da protectari suna tsare shafin alurar rigakafi daga daskarewa tare da tsari na musamman a cikin sutsi na hannun riga na takarda cike da sawdust kuma a nannade cikin polyethylene.

Autric apricot ana alurar riga kafi ne kawai a yankuna tare da dumin ruwan sanyi.

A tsakiyar layi kuma a cikin yankuna na arewacin, ba a bada shawarar dasa apricot ba a cikin kaka saboda dalilai biyu:

1. A wannan lokacin, dukkanin rundunonin shuka suna da niyyar shirya don hunturu. Tsarin tiyata zai shafi rayuwar rayuwar shuka, sakamakon wanda itace zata iya tasiri sosai sakamakon sanyi.
2. Alurar zata iya daskarewa a cikin matsanancin yanayin hunturu, kuma duk ƙoƙarin zai zama banza.

Alurar riga kafi ta hunturu abune mai yiwuwa. An aiwatar dashi, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin watan Fabrairu a wuraren gabatarwa kuma yana buƙatar shirin farko na jari da scion. Sakamakon ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi na musamman don adana seedlings, ana yin alurar rigakafin a cikin hunturu akasari a cikin gandun daji.

Abin da za a shuka apricot: zaɓi hannun jari

Kudin ya kayyade cigaba da shuka bayan alurar riga kafi. A saboda wannan dalili, zaɓin sa da namo shi ne mafi mahimmancin mataki a cikin samar da apricot. Dukkanin bishiyun daji da ciyawa waɗanda suka cika waɗannan ka'idodi zasu iya aiki azaman hannun jari:

• jituwa tare da ban tsoro (kusancin kusanci tsakanin al'adu, mafi kyawun darajar rayuwa);
• karbuwa ga yanayin yanayin yanayin yanki (ya kamata a zaɓi nau'ikan jari don kowane yanki);
• tsarin tushen ci gaba (Tushen mai rauni ba zai iya samar da scion tare da kayan abinci masu mahimmanci).

Ya kamata kuma a tuna cewa bishiyun da suka haura shekaru 7-8 basu da shawarar yin amfani da su azaman tushen - kyallen takarda sun rasa filayensu kuma yuwuwar zana hoton ƙura akan tsohuwar itace yafi ƙanƙanta.

Lokacin alurar rigakafin bazara, tabbatar da yin nazarin yanayin hannun jari. Launi mai launin ruwan kasa na itace yana nuna daskarewarsu, wanda ke nuna cewa yana da kyau a daina amfani da irin wannan kayan don grafting.

Yadda ake dasa apricot akan apricot

Neman apricot akan apricot zabi ne ingatacce a tsakanin duka don rayuwa. Ana samun sakamako mafi girma yayin haɗuwa iri iri daya. Wannan hanya tana ba ku damar hanzarta fruiting na shekaru da yawa. Filin da aka toshe zai gamshi 'ya'yan itacen har tsawon shekaru 2-3, yayin da sabon seedling zai buƙaci shekaru 4-5 don' ya'yan itace.

Apricot grafting akan apricot yana aiki mafi kyau

Bugu da kari, an dasa apricot akan tsire-tsire na apricot da aka girma daga zuriya. Kowa ya sani cewa hanyar iri ba ta barin itacen ya gaji ire-iren halaye na mahaifiyar. Alurar riga kafi sa ya yiwu a isar da stock na kaddarorin kowane irin apricot iri-iri da muhimmanci inganta dandano daga 'ya'yan itacen.

Apricot grafting akan ceri

Don scric apricot, cakulan da wuya ake amfani da ceri don dalilai da yawa:

• ba duk cherries sun dace da alurar riga kafi ba;
• intergrowth na waɗannan albarkatun gona yayi ƙasa;
• idan maganin duk da haka ya zama tushen, to, rassan sun yi garaje, sau da yawa suna fashe kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfafawa.

Gardenerswararrun lambu amfani da abin da ake kira grafting saka, lokacin da apricot an grafted uwa da ceri rootstock, wanda a kan plum ko ceri plum aka baya grafted.

Cherry plum kamar yadda jari don apricot

Plaƙwalwar ƙwayar ruwan itace shine kyakkyawan samfuran kayan amfanin gona mafi yawan dutse, ciki har da apricot. Unpreentious ceri plum bada apricot scion sanyi juriya da ƙarfin hali.

Apricot 'ya'yan itatuwa akan ceri plum rootstock suna da launi mai haske da dandano mai daɗi mai daɗi.

Apricot grafting a kan plum

Plum stock - zabi ne mai yawa yayin alurar riga kafi. Da fari dai, kyakkyawar yarda da waɗannan al'adun na ba da damar rayuwa mai girma. Abu na biyu, plum mai tsayayya mai sanyi shine ke canza wannan kayan zuwa apricot mai tsananin zafi.

Bidiyo: yadda ake dasa apricot akan plum

Juya apricot grafting

Blackthorn galibi ana amfani dashi azaman hannun jari don apricot. Lambu suna jan hankalin shi ta yadda ya dace da yanayin canjin yanayi daban-daban, haka kuma iyakancewar tushen wannan bishiyar ta samo abubuwan gina jiki da yakamata koda a cikin kasa mai rauni. Rashin kyau na wannan kafuwar shine saurin bunƙasa harsashin harbe-harbe, wanda ke rage jinkirin ci gaban sabbin harbe kuma yana ƙara rikitar da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Apricot cuttings dauki tushen mafi kyau a kan matasan iri na ƙaya, musamman a kan ƙaya.

Apricot zaune da kyau a kan daji blackthorn, amma babban koma-bayan a matsayin scion ne yawan girma na daji

Shin zai yiwu a dasa apricot akan apple da pear

Attemptsoƙarin maimaitawa da masu binciken lambu suka shuka apricot akan apple da pear sun tabbatar da cikakken rashin daidaituwa na waɗannan tsirrai. Kuma hatta lokuta da wuya ake magana akan fasahar warin apricot akan irin wannan hannun jari bai zama daya ba, tunda maganin zai mutu nan bada jimawa ba. A bayanin ya ta'allaka ne da cewa itacen apple da pear suna cikin kayan gona pome, da apricot - don 'ya'yan itace dutse. Don haka, waɗannan 'ya'yan itacen ba su da kai tsaye, amma a dangantakar dan uwan.

Alurar riga kafi na apricot

Irga kyakkyawa ne mai wadatar sanyi mai tsauri, amma ba don apricot ba, amma don apple da pear. Apricot cuttings a kan irga ba su kai tushen.

Yi apricots shuka a kan dutse ash

Gwanin itacen apricot ba shi da tushe a kan tsaunin ash na dutse, duk da cewa waɗannan bishiyoyin suna cikin ɗayan Botanical subfamily - Itace Plum.

Abokin Ciniki na Akasarin Apricot

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu lambu suna ƙara yin amfani da hannun jari na clonal don yaduwar apricot. Ofayan mafi mashahuri a cikinsu shine -aukar girman darajar abokantaka (haɗuwa da ƙwallan Bessei da apricot gama gari).

Irin wannan tushe yana da fa'idodi da yawa:

Tebur: Fa'idodi da Fa'idodin Abokan Ciniki na Abokin Ciniki

Apricot a kan dwarf rootstock

Kamar yadda ka sani, hannun jari suna isar da dukiyoyi da yawa zuwa ban tsoro, gami da tantance tsayin bishiyar nan gaba. Rashin rootstocks ana kiranta dwarf hannun jari. Babban amfaninsu kamar haka:

• itaciyar ta zama mafi tsayayya ga lokacin sanyi da yawa;
• inji yakan fara yin 'ya'ya a cikin shekaru 2;
• halayen sifofi na 'ya'yan itatuwa sun inganta: girman da girman karuwar canza launi;
• tsagewa yana sa pruning, daukakar fruitan itace da kariya ta kwaro.

VVA-1, Pumiselect, Vavit, Alab - 1 sun tabbatar da kansu mafi kyawun matsayin dwarf rootstocks don yawancin nau'in apricot.

Kuna iya siyan seedlings na hannun jari

Apstoot Semi-dwarf rootstocks

Alurar riga kafi na apricot a kan sakamakon rabin-dwarf rootstock yana haifar da itace mai matsakaici. Shahararrun shahararrun tushen dwarf shine abokantaka, tsoratarwa da Eureka-99.

Zabi hannun jari don yankin

Kamar yadda ka sani, apricot shine tsire-tsire na thermophilic, sabili da haka, jari don alurar riga kafi ya kamata ya kasance cikin yanayin yanayin yanayin gida. Idan itacen bishiyar apricot ya yi aiki azaman kafuwar, to ya kamata ku zaɓi nau'ikan da aka zagi don yankinku.

Don kudu daga yankin Black Earth Black, Kuban, Stavropol Territory, Yankin Rostov da Caucasus, wadatar da aka shuka daga zuriya mai kama (apricot ta rabin-gona) ta dace. Yana da tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi da juriya sanyi.

A tsakiyar layi kuma a cikin kewayen birni, an samar da apricot sosai akan tsire-tsire na gama gari da kuma Manchu apricot, a kan seedlings ko harbe na plums da ƙaya, ceri plum, akan Bessey ceri seedlings.

A Siberiya da Urals, nau'ikan da ake nomawa a kan apargin Manchu galibi ana shuka su. Yana jure sanyi har ƙasa zuwa -45 digiri ba tare da lalacewa ba, mai bada ƙarfi sosai.

Abin da cuttings don zaɓar don apricot grafting

Alurar riga kafi tare da itace shine mafi yawan dabarun yaduwa apricot. A lokaci guda, ana ba da shawarar gudanar da ayyukan bazara tare da layin da aka tsara don girbe a gaba, kuma sababbin rassan kore suna da kyau don yin rigakafin bazara.

A dasa zai iya zama kamar cikakke harbe shekara-shekara tare da diamita na aƙalla 5-6 cm, tare da apical girma toho da kuma ganye leafy gefen buds. Thin, rassan da ba su da kyau ba su dace da alurar riga kafi ba, tare da alamun alamun cutar kamuwa da cuta ko wasu cututtuka.

Ana aiwatar da hanyar tare da wuka ko kuma waɗanda ke tsare. Babban abu shine kayan aikin sunyi kaifi sosai kuma basu da tsauri.

Zai fi kyau ka ɗayan itace daga ƙaramin itace, fruita fruitan fruita fruitan fruita fruitan itace, daga ɓangaren waje na kambi, wanda hasken rana yake haskakawa. Budswararrun buds a kan shoot ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 4 kuma ya kamata a faɗi. Mafi kyawun tsawon lokacin rikewa shine 30-40 cm.

Yadda za a shirya da kuma tsare lignified cuttings

An yanke abu don rigakafin bazara a ƙarshen kaka ko farkon Disamba a yawan zafin jiki na akalla -10 ⁰C.

An yanka yankan kuma suna jira ranar tiyata. Zaka iya ajiyesu ta hanyoyi da yawa:

• saka a cikin akwatin tare da sawdust, peat ko yashi rigar da wuri a cikin ginshiki ko cellar (lokaci-lokaci dole ne a moistened substrate);
• kunsa cikin polyethylene, sanya zane mai laushi a ciki kuma adana a cikin firiji a zazzabi na 2-3 ⁰C;
• a cikin dusar kankara ba kasa da 50 cm ba, an lullube shi da polyethylene.

Edgeaya daga cikin gefen polyethylene baya kunsa tam wanda ya sa sandunan suna numfashi

Babban aikin ajiya na hunturu shi ne tabbatar da cewa an yanke hutu har sai alurar riga kafi.

Masana sun ba da shawarar a sare ganyen a cikin ruwa daren da alurar riga kafi. Don haka za a cika su da danshi kuma ba za su ji ƙarancinsa ba har lokacin da za a sami ma'amala, lokacin da jari ya fara canja wurin abubuwan gina jiki.

Wasu lambu sun fi son kada su ɗaukar kansu da shirye-shiryen ci gaba na cuttings, yankan su a cikin bazara nan da nan kafin alurar riga kafi. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, akwai haɗarin zaɓar scion da aka daskarewa a cikin hunturu, wanda kawai ba zai sami tushe ba.

Bidiyo: yadda ake shirya da adana ganyaye don rigakafin bazara

Girbi kore kore don alurar riga kafi

Ana yin rigakafin rani tare da sabon kore kore, a yanka kafin aikin. Idan akwai buƙatar adana kayan ɗoraɗɗa na kayan sufuri ko jigilar kaya, zaku iya kunsa su da zane mai bushe da adana a cikin jakar filastik a wuri mai sanyi. Ta wannan hanyar, zaka iya ajiye tsintsiya na tsawon sati biyu, amma wannan zai rage yawan rayuwa.

Yanke rassan da sanyin safiya, kafin a fara zafi. A cikin ruwan sama, ba a ba da shawarar a samar da kayan su yi aiki. Daga reshen da aka yanke, dole ne a cire ganye nan da nan, saboda danshi da sauri ya bushe ta wurin su.

Yadda za a shuka apricot: hanyoyi da hanyoyin rigakafi

Akwai hanyoyi sama da 130 na shuka bishiyoyi. Zabi ya dogara da kakar da fasaha na lambu. Don toka abin apricot, copulation da budding ana ɗauka mafi kyau, kazalika da grafting cikin tsagewa da bayan haushi.

Inda za a shuka apricot

Zaɓin wani takamaiman wurin rigakafin ya dogara da burin dasawa. Idan aikin shine noma tsuntsu na daji ko harbe na basal, to za a iya yin maganin a cikin wuyan tushe. Idan a shafin akwai shiri na shekaru biyu da uku, to, zai fi kyau a dasa shi a tsayin 60-70 cm daga ƙasa, domin kada a jira har sai albarku ta tsiro daga wata itaciya mai ɗorewa.

A cikin karamar bishiyar tare da kambi, ana yin alurar riga kafi a gindin rassan kwarangwal, suna komawa 5-10 cm daga inda reshen ya bar reshen.

Za a iya tsufa itace mafi yawan wurare a wurare da yawa daga gangar jikin, a cikin salo na biyu a kan rassan kwarangwal.

Apricot grafting ta hanyar copulation

Ana aiwatar da shi lokacin da diamita na scion da stock iri ɗaya ne. Wannan hanyar ta dace da grafting apricot a kowane yanayi kuma ya haɗa da matakai masu zuwa:

1. A ƙarshen katako da jari, an yi yanke mai shuɗi na 3-4 cm.
2. Fafaroma sun mamaye juna ta yadda tsarinsu na cambial ya zo daidai.
3. An haɗa maɗaurin tare da fim, kuma sashe na sama na scion tare da lamb var.

Ana samar da haɗi mai ƙarfi tsakanin sikirin da sifa ta hanyar ingantaccen ɗora Kwabo, wanda ya shafi samuwar “harshe” a kowane yanke. Ana amfani da shank ta hannun jari don harsunansu ya shiga cikin yanke sassan juna tare da daidaituwar yanayin cambial.

Bidiyo: rigakafin apricot na bazara tare da ingantaccen hanyar kwafa

Tsaga apricot grafting

Ana amfani da wannan hanyar alurar rigakafin lokacin da scion da stock ɗin suka bambanta sosai a radius. Apricot an ba da shawarar za a duƙufa a cikin tsaga lokacin da itacen har yanzu yana a farkon farkon lokacin girma, misali a cikin shekarun da suka gabata na Maris - kwanakin farko na Afrilu.

Ana aiwatar da aikin kamar haka:

1. Tushen abin riƙewa, an girbe shi tun daga faɗuwa, an yanke shi da wuka mai kaifi a kan weji biyu.
2. Ana safara hannun jari zuwa tsayin da ake buƙata kuma a tsabtace shi a hankali.
3. A tsakiyar hannun jari tare da wuka ko ƙyallen maƙalawa (dangane da kauri), ana yin tsagewa, tare da zurfin da bai wuce 10 cm ba.
4. An saka itace a cikin tsagewar yanar gizo har ya zama ya zama kwandon yadudduka da kamannin da ke tattare da kamshi da dabbobin. Idan kauri daga hannun jari ya bada damar, zaku iya fara yankan guda a lokaci daya.
5. Wurin aiki yana nannade da igiya ko tef kuma an sarrafa shi ta hanyar lambu var.

Tsarin yin rigakafi a cikin rarrabuwa: 1 - rabe akan hannun jari, 2 - sassan kan scion; 3 - sare da aka saka a cikin sharewar

Ificayyadaddun rigakafin apricot don haushi

Alurar riga kafi domin haushi ne yake aikata a cikin bazara a farkon farkon ya kwarara ruwan itace. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar a lokuta inda girman hannun jari ya fi girma nesa da girman scion. Kayan fasaha na rigakafi don haushi kamar haka:

1. An shirya furannin lignified (daga guda 2 zuwa 4, dangane da kauri daga hannun jari): an yanke ginin tare da gefe mai juyawa.
2. Ana safarar hannun jari tare da kayan kare kuma an tsabtace shi da wuka.
3. Ana yin sassan gicciye a kan tushen haushi, tare da zurfin da bai wuce 5 cm ba.
4. Shutofofin da aka yanke sun buɗe, an yanke zurfafa a ciki don yankewarsu tayi daidai da sauri a kan itacen dabino.
5. Wurin yin rigakafin an nannade shi da dunƙule tare da var.

Bidiyo: Hanyar rigakafin haushi

Yadda za a dasa toho apricot

Inoculating apricot tare da koda ko ido ana kiranta budding. Ana canzawa da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta daga itaciya zuwa waccan, yayin da ake riƙe da halaye masu ɗorewa. Yawancin lokaci ana yin saurin buduwa ne a ƙarshen bazara kuma ya haɗa da ayyuka masu zuwa:

1. Idanun suna girbe idanu nan da nan kafin alurar riga kafi kuma suna jira hanya akan tsabta, ɗumi mai tsami: an yanke koda daga tsakiyar ɓangaren kore harbi tare da wani ɗan itace 1.5-2 cm tsayi. An yanke ganyen daga koda da farko.
2. An yi murhun T-mai fasalin kan itacen dabino (akwati ko akan reshen matasa).
3. Shutofofin da ke yanke yankan daidai suna motsawa, an saka peephole mai garkuwa a ciki.
4. An murƙushe haushi wanda ya sa ƙodan kaɗai ya rage a waje.
5. Wurin sauyawar wuri yana nannade da gefen gefen tef na lantarki don ƙodan ya zauna a cikin iska.

Za'a iya yin hukunci game da tasiri na alurar riga kafi bayan kwanaki 15-20: idan petiole ya juya ya zama rawaya kuma ya faɗi, to, alurar riga kafi nasara ce. Budyan itacen apricot zai fara girma bazara mai zuwa.

Bidiyo: budurwar apricot

Alurar riga kafi ta apricot abu ne mai kayatarwa kuma mai kayatarwa, yayi daidai da tiyata don juyawa da kwayoyin halitta. Kada ku ji tsoron yin gwaji - ba za ku cutar da itacen ba. Kada ku yanke ƙauna idan ƙoƙarin farko na rubutun ba shi nasara. Yi ƙoƙarin aiwatar da hanya a cikin wani kakar ko amfani da wata hanyar alurar riga kafi kuma bayan fewan shekaru kaɗan ku ji daɗin sakamakon gwaje-gwajenku - manyan, m da kayan ƙanshi mai zaki.