Musamman gaisuwa ta waje sun fito ne daga Amurka - iri-iri na itatuwan apple Starkrimson

Gwanin farko na kowane 'ya'yan itace yana ba da idanunmu: zane na gani ya haifar da tunani game da dandano, darajar' ya'yan itace, da yiwuwar shiga cikin tarin gonar mu.

Ana kuma kirga iri-iri na Starkrimson a kan sakamako na gani - launin 'ya'yan itace masu launin karamin mamaye a cikin kambi sama da koren ganye. Kuma makomar ya kamata ta kasance ta kasuwanci kawai.

Yaya Starkrimson ya shiga cikin Rumaniya?

Tarihin halittar wasu nau'o'i sun samo asali a cikin Iowa (Amurka) a ƙarshen karni na 19. Sa'an nan an haife shi ne - nau'in hunturu iri-iri Delishs (fassara daga Turanci - "mai ban sha'awa").

A cikin tsari na tsari tare da haifar da ganyayyaki na shuke-shuke da rikitattun launi, ibid, a 1921, sun samo sababbin sababbin kayan lambu don aikin lambu wanda ake kira Starking Delishes, wanda yake nuna zurfin launi da tsire-tsire mai girma.

Ƙungiyar iri iri tare da waɗannan halaye masu amfani da Starkrimson, wanda shine ainihin nufin: star- "wani abu mai ban mamaki" da kuma Crimson (krimzn) - "duhu ja, launi rasberi."

Sunan da aka kwatanta da launin ruwan hoda mai launi mai ban sha'awa, wadda aka dace da ita don noma a cikin lambun masana'antu.

Babban ci gaba na aikin lambu a zamanin Soviet a Arewacin Caucasus da yankin Stavropol ya haifar da yaduwar wannan nau'in a kasarmu. Canje-canje a yanayin tattalin arziki na shekaru 20 da suka wuce sun cire wannan iri-iri daga samar da kasuwanci. Yanzu ya zama kamar abin mamaki mai ban sha'awa yana adana ɗakunan gonaki masu zaman kansu.

Sifofin sauti

1. Daban-daban yana nufin jinsunan bishiyoyi - tsire-tsire tare da raguwa ta tsakiya.
   

   Irin wadannan bishiyoyi da yawa fiye da girman kai, rassan 'ya'yan itace na spruce an kafa su da yawa, suna iya samar da furanni mai kyau da kuma samar da' ya'yan itace masu kyau.
   

   Wannan yanayin yana tabbatar da yawan amfanin ƙasa na shekara-shekara. Girma na koren launi mai launin ganye na tsirrai na apple ya halayyar aikin aikin photosynthesis. Spur iri dake samu nasarar grafted a kan kowane seedlings da za su iya ba da shuka tare da sanyi juriya.

2. Starkrimson ba ya tsere ba kuma yana da siffofin itatuwa da yawa - nisawar kai. Don samar da 'ya'yan itace da kuma samar da' ya'yan itace yana bukatar masu binciken pollinators wanda ya dace da wadannan sharuɗɗa:
   • da al'ada na yankin noma;
   • daidaituwa a cikin lokaci na flowering;
   • ka'idodi na gaba na ripening kamar yadda kaka kaka iri.

   Akwai nau'o'in pollinator guda biyu na Starkrimson: Jonathan, Golden Delicious.

Ka tuna: Babban masu binciken pollinators na apple itatuwa ne ƙudan zuma.. Tsarin "aikin" na wannan mai binciken pollinator shine mai 2 km. A nan ne mai da'irar da itatuwa na pollinators ya kasance.

3. Girma a Starkrimson ya fara a shekaru 2-3, kuma a kowace shekara adadin apples a bishiyar ya kara. Har zuwa 300 quintals an cire da hectare ta haihuwa haifuwa.
Tare da yawan amfanin gonar itacen apple na barazana ga asarar gabatar da dandano. Kar ka manta da zafin fitar da ovary a lokacin flowering!
4. Girbi na ci gaba da makonni 2 daga ƙarshen Satumba. 'Ya'yan itãcen daga bisani sun fara ne kawai a cikin wata guda, suna kai ga balagaginsu.

   Lokacin da aka fara tayar da apples a cikin "gado" sun zama flabby. Late tare da girbi, zaka iya rasa lokacin - apples zasu ripen, rasa dandano.

5. Ana ajiyewa Starkrimson har zuwa Afrilu, bisa ga ka'idodi na musamman don yanayin ajiya.
6. Da iri-iri ne daidai damuwa da sanyi da fari. Don ci gaba na al'ada, itace yana bukatar akalla 600 mm na hazo a kowace shekara. Ƙarin watering yana karɓar rashin jin dadi.
7. Hanyoyin iri iri suna nuna juriya ga powdery mildew akan tushen polygenic, amma scab ba ya daina zama barazana ga shuka.
8. Halin da aka gabatar da kayan ado na 'ya'yan itatuwa, mai dadi da ɗanɗana mai ban sha'awa suna sa apples an yarda da kayan zaki don amfani mafi yawan sabo ne, ko da yake yawancin sun fahimci yadda ake amfani dashi (dried, gyare-gyaren thermally, gel da ruwa).

Wannan a bayyanar Starkrimson yana haifar da kwarewa da kuma kasuwanci.

1. Halittar halittar itace tana nuna wani karamin tsayi na tsire-tsire tare da karamin kambi wanda aka kafa ta hanyar rassan skeletal wanda ya kafa wata hanya mai tsayi tare da akwati. Bugu da ƙari, rassan 'ya'yan itace yana kara tsakanin layuka, yana mai sauƙi don kula da itacen a duk matakai na girma, musamman ma a lokacin girbi.

   Wadannan halayen sun baka dama ka sanya shuke-shuke da yawa a lokaci ɗaya a kowane yanki, ko da mahimmanci. Bisa ga wadannan siffofin bishiyoyi, an dasa su:

2. ba tare da tallafi a jerin "layi ɗaya" ko "jerin layi biyu" ba;
3. bisa tushen ginin (trellis);
4. Ƙaddamarwa ta gaba, goyan bayan trellis.
5. A rarrabe halayyar harbe suna kusa internodes, da kuka da harbe yana da launin ruwan kasa launi da haske pubescence.
6. Ƙananan koren launi suna da dukkan halaye na al'ada ga apple itatuwa:
   • oblong zagaye tare da kaifi tip;
   • farantin jiki, m daga baya;
   • finely serrated sassaka baki.
7. Flowers - kodadde m a buds, farin - a cikin wani bude Rosette. Ƙunƙarar launi suna wuce furen. Seed jam'iyya rufe.
8. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne babba (har zuwa 180 g. a lokacin ci gaba, kore, a lokacin cirewa, saya duhu mai duhu, a duk fadin apple.
   

   A karkashin kullun fata ya zama kyawawan namawanda a cikin aiwatar da maturation canza launi daga haske kore zuwa cream, yana da dadi fiye da m-dandano mai dadi da kuma high sinadirai darajar.

A Turai, apples waɗanda suka dace a cikin dabino suna bukatar. Ƙananan iri iri suna son kawai a kasuwa na gida.

Hotuna

Hoton yana nuna 'ya'yan itacen apple Starkrimson kuma abin da ke gaba shi ne cikakken bayani game da itacen.

Hotuna

Kwayar da ke cikin gonar

Tun lokacin da aka kirkiro iri iri na Starkrimson don wani lambu mai zurfi, yana da kyau a bincika abubuwan da suka dace da kuma amfani da ka'idodi a cikin lambu.

Kwayar daji shine nau'i na musamman na tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire..

Yawan aiki na irin wannan lambun ya dogara da ingancin ƙwayar ƙasa da ƙwarewar fasaha na zamani.

Wadannan bukatu suna hade da ita:

• yawancin 'ya'yan itace da yawa sun zo a cikin shekara ta biyu;
• matsakaicin tsire-tsire masu tsayayya ga kwari da cututtuka
• na ado, nuna 'ya'yan itatuwa, tsayayyar matakan da ke cikin makamai (lokacin da tattarawa, rarrabawa, sufuri).

Wannan gonar yana da nasa takamaiman kulawa.:

• pruning kawai formative da sanitary;
• watering a cikin grooves na tushen da'irar:
• kaucewa weeds da tsire-tsire a cikin jiki kuma tare da taimakon herbicides;
• sake cika abubuwan da aka gano a cikin ƙasa da aka samar a cikin tsarin watering.

A zabi na iri Starkrimson expedient:

1. Tare da sha'awar yawan amfanin ƙasa da kayayyaki mai kyau na 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka shirya don sayarwa.
2. Ga wasu iri-iri iri-iri iri-iri.
3. Masu mallakan gonaki a yankunan kudancin kasarmu (Krasnodar, yankin Stavropol, yankin Rostov, Arewacin Caucasus). Dangane da yanayin da ake fuskanta game da yanayin zafi na duniya, yana yiwuwa a arewa.
4. A cikin yankuna tare da yanayi don kamuwa da cutar bishiyoyi da powdery mildew (yanayi mai dumi tare da rashin zafi).
5. Don ci tare da cututtuka na ciki, tare da high acidity.

Dabbobi suna buƙatar kariya daga sanyi da fari, wanda ya kara yawan buƙatu akan yanayi mai girma. Amma duk da haka - ƙira ba sa tsayayya ga scab.

Me ake bukata don yawan aiki?

Kowane itacen apple yana tsiro ne a hanyarsa, kuma mai kula ya kamata ya san abin da zai yi tare da wani iri don samun sakamako mai kyau.

1. Daidaita daidai, wanda ya haɗa da zaɓi na wuri da kuma dacewar fasaha na tsari kanta. Apple itatuwa Starkrimson a matsayin kudancin iri musamman buƙatar hasken rana mai kyau.

   Ana rarraba su a yankunan da busa da iska, isassun ƙasa, ruwan teku a matakin 1.2 m daga farfajiyar.. Amma suna da tushe sosai a kan gangara kuma suna jin dadi a cikin tuddai.

2. Yawan yawan amfanin ƙasa shine sakamakon amfani da ƙasa mai laushi, ko yaduwan loams, an haɗa su tare da kwayoyin halitta da kuma ma'adinai (tare da babban acidity alkalized tare da lemun tsami).
3. Mafi kyau lokacin dasa: spring da kaka. A cikin dasa shuki yana da amfani: lokaci don daidaitawa da shuka zuwa zamani.
4. Girman ramin don dasa shuki ne (D = 1m, H = 0.7m). Sakamakon yin shuka mai kyau shine matsayi na asali na tushen (6 cm sama da kasa).
5. Starkrimson yana son m ƙasa danshi, wanda aka samu ta yau da kullum da kuma yawan watering.
6. Ana gudanar da kambi na iri iri a lokacin shuka shuki a cikin wannan jirgin. A wannan yanayin, skeletal rassan tsaka-tsaki, da kuma 'ya'yan itace shiga cikin hanya.
7. Hanyar yadda jaririn ya fara ciki a lokacin flowering yana da matukar dacewa da itatuwan da ke dauke da 'ya'yan itace.

Flower buds da za su haifi 'ya'yan itace a gaba shekara an dage farawa a farkon 8th mako bayan flowering. Tsarin yanayin shuka a wannan lokacin zai shafi aikin girbi na gaba. Yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau suna samuwa daga farko da mafi girma flower.

8. Don kauce wa rage dandano, shirin girbi a cikin lokaci wanda aka tsara ta hanyar kalandar agronomic.
9. Starkrimson ba shi da tsayayya ga sifa, sabili da haka yana buƙatar matakan don hana kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar fungal spores.

Yadda za a kare bishiyoyin apple daga scab?

A gaskiya ma, wannan iri-iri yana da tsayayya ga mafi yawan cututtuka da ke shafi wasu bishiyoyi. Amma matsalar ba sa'a: wajibi ne a nemi hanyoyin magance wannan cuta. Bayanin da ke ƙasa zai taimaka tare da wannan.

Lokaci na yau da kullum game da yanayin kwantar da apple zuwa matsalar jayayya da yanayin da za a bayyana:

• spring da farkon lokacin rani;
• lokacin farin ciki, saukowa mai sauƙi;
• tsofaffi, itatuwan fungan-itatuwan da ke kusa da wani tsire-tsire iri.

Alamun shan kashi:

• ƙananan raƙuman launin rawaya da suke bayyana a kan ganyayyaki;
• mataki na gaba shi ne kafa wani takarda mai launin toka (spore) a gaban gefen takardar;
• ganye sunyi baƙi kuma sun fadi, cutar ta wuce zuwa 'ya'yan itace;
• ƴan baki a kan 'ya'yan itace, girma, haifar da fatalwar fata;
• Fallen 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganye ya zama tushen kamuwa da cuta ga wasu tsire-tsire.

Yin yaki da cutar:

1. Rushewa a karshen kakar wasa ta kowane lokaci a cikin wuta ko a cikin rami takin, tare da su tare da peat.
2. Thaw a pre-hunturu pruning kambi.
3. Gwada itacen itace pristvolny da'irar.
4. Fesa dormant buds (5% bayani) da ƙasa (7% bayani) tare da urea bayani.
5. A cikin idon ruwa na ruwa Bordeaux ruwa (bayani na 1%, a lokacin blooming na kodan).
6. Tare da ƙwayar cuta mai karfi da aka yadu har zuwa sau 6 tare da tsawon lokaci na makonni 3 (ƙwanƙwasawa na ƙarshe 3 kafin girbi).

Kyakkyawan dadi mai kyau Starkrimson ya fi dacewa kula da shi.