Menene pepino shine irin wannan tambaya, watakila, kowane mutum yana tambaya idan ya ji wannan suna. A cikin wannan labarin zamu tattauna game da wannan shuka mai ban sha'awa, da kuma gano ka'idodin ka'idojin dasawa da kulawa da pepino a kasar.
Pepino - menene wannan injin
Pepino, wanda aka fi sani da melon pear, - Evergreen shrub daga nightshade iyali, asali daga Kudancin Amirka. Babban sha'awa ga wannan shuka ya bayyana a cikin 80s na karshe karni. Yau, akwai nau'in pepino iri 25. Don sauyin yanayi, iri iri "Ramses" da "Consuelo" suna bred. Pepino na 'ya'yan itace, ko kuma melon pear kamar mailon ko kabewa, yana da' ya'yan itace masu ban sha'awa. Pepino dandana kamar m guna, wanda aka bai a cikin bitamin C.
Shin kuna sani? Da farko aka ambaci pepino har yanzu a 1553.
Features na namo, yanayin da melon pear
Pepino, ko melon pear - sosai shuke-shuke mai ban sha'awa, girma da kuma kula da su a gida shi ne aikin zafi. Pepino yana girma daga tsaba da kuma cuttings. Lokacin da girma yana da matukar muhimmanci a yanke wasu rassan, idan ba a yi ba, injin ya samar da kusan 'ya'yan itatuwa. Maimaita wannan hanya a mako-mako. Pepino shuka (ko melon pear) yana son haske, yana dacewa da irin abincin da kuke amfani dashi lokacin da kuka fara girma.
Shin kuna sani? Pepino na da kashi 92% na ruwa, wanda ya sa ya zama m.
Yadda za a zabi wuri don girma, hasken wuta
Ga pepino, wajibi ne don zaɓar wuri mai kyau, wuri mai sassauci tare da matakin ƙananan zafi, kamar yadda tsire-tsire yana jurewa sauyin yanayi a cikin zafi. Mafi yawan zafin jiki na shuka a lokacin rana shine kimanin 22 ° C, yawan zafin jiki a sama da 30 ° C na iya rinjayar da pepino, yawan zafin jiki na dare kada ya kasance ƙasa da 18 ° C - launi zai iya fada.
Ƙasa don dasa shuki
Pepino yana buƙatar ciyawa na kasar gona, wadda dole ne ta kasance tsaka tsaki, ba mai arziki a cikin nitrogen ba, haifar da karfi mai girma daga cikin kara a asarar haihuwa. Har ila yau, yana tayar da kariya daga kwayar cutar. Yankin zafin jiki bai kamata ya fi girma ba ko ƙananan fiye da digiri 20 - 22.
Yadda za a shuka pepino, guna pear kiwo
An yadu peran pelon a hanyoyi biyu: daga tsaba da grafting. Amma duk da haka yana da kyau ta hanyar cuttings, saboda ba kowane iri-iri samar da cikakken-fledged tsaba, kuma pepino girma daga tsaba daga baya kai 'ya'yan itace.
Girma daga zuriyar
Melon pear tsaba ba duka suna ci gaba ba, har ma a yanayi na musamman, kimanin kashi 50 cikin Ramses da 80% a Consuelo. A farkon watan Nuwamba ko Disamba, zai yiwu a shuka tsaba - a cikin jirgi mai laushi tare da babban murfi, ya rufe kasa tare da takarda mai tsabta ko takardar bayan gida. Dole a kiyaye akwati da aka rufe a zafin jiki ba fiye da digiri 28 ba. Tsaba fara farawa tun mako daya daga bisani har zuwa wata daya bayan an sanya shi cikin akwati.
Lokacin da tsaba suka kwashe, za a iya kwantar da pepino a cikin tukunya ko tire tare da ƙasa mai haske, kuma suna bukatar haske mai haske. Bayan wata daya daga baya, an rage bayanan baya zuwa sa'o'i 16 da kuma wata guda zuwa 14 hours. Kuma kawai a tsakiyar Fabrairu zaka iya canza zuwa haske na halitta. An dasa Pepino a cikin ƙasa a tsakiyar watan Afrilu ko farkon Mayu, don guje wa sanyi. Ana shuka shuki a cikin ƙasa mai nisa a nesa kusan 50 cm daga juna, yafa masa ƙasa mai bushe, wannan ya kamata a yi a rana.
Duk da haka, don kaucewa raguwa a kan tsire-tsire, sun shimfiɗa fim din, idan akwai digo a ƙarƙashin fim din, za a iya ɗaukar irri na ruwa. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya tashi, za'a iya bude wani ɓangaren fim don samun iska.
Cuttings
A cikin sautin wata guda ya riga ya yiwu ya karya cuttings da kuma kafa su, zai fi dacewa a cikin peat, ba tare da ɓoye su ba. Don mafi kyau rooting, kana bukatar ka dauki cuttings tare da 8 ganye. An lura cewa Pepino tushe tushe sosai.
Cuttings kuma haifuwa: mazaunin capricoleum, plumeria, zamiokulkas, Juniper China, diploadiya, bilberry, plum da korie.
Yadda za a yi girma a kasar, ka'idojin kulawa
Wajibi ne don kula da kudan zuma da kuma tumatir. Mafi muhimmanci a kula da pepino shine: yin iska da greenhouse, cire stepsons, harkar ƙasa da kuma kawar da weeds, watering kamar yadda ake bukata, top dressing.
Features na shuke-shuke watering
Watering guna pears - matsakaici, a cikin wani akwati pereuvlazhnyat. Don kauce wa lalacewa da cututtuka, dole ne a aike da greenhouse. Don rage ban ruwa da kuma adana maɓallin, dole ne a ƙasa ƙasa tare da sabo da bambaro ko sawdust - wannan ma yana taimakawa akan weeds.
Kula kula
Pepino yana son haske da inganta ƙasa tare da kadan acidity. Zai fi kyau shuka ƙwayar nama a wuraren da legumes, albasa, da kokwamba sun girma. Bayan an girbe su, an sassauta ƙasa, ana shuka shuki, aka haƙa kuma an haɗa shi da taki, wanda ba shi da kyau tare da takin.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba za a iya dasa Pepino ba inda suka girma tumatir ko dankali - suna da irin wannan cututtuka da kwari.
Garra bel
Dole ne a ƙulla shi da kuma samar da wata bishiyar pepino cikin mako guda - biyu bayan dasa. Ana saran tsirrai kamar yadda tsire-tsire ke girma, 'ya'yan itatuwa ba a ɗaure su ba - suna iya rataye su kawai.
Ciyar da kankana pear
Ciyar da melon pear a kowane wata. A karo na farko, suna ciyar da makonni biyu bayan dasa shuki a cikin kasa, lokaci na biyu - bayan da aka fara yin katako, sa'an nan kuma kowane makonni biyu ko uku. Kayan shuka yana da kyau sosai ga takin gargajiya daga taki ko tsuntsaye, amma yana dauke da yawan nitrogen, sabili da haka zamu ci gaba da kasancewa: 1: 6 na taki, 1:20 - droppings.
Yana da muhimmanci! Gurasar ba tare da kaciya ba a ƙarƙashin nauyinsu ya faɗo a ƙasa kuma ya kai mummunan 'ya'yan itace.
Kariya da cutar kariya
Kwayar iri-iri na cike da nau'in melon yana ciwo da cututtukan guda daya da kwari kamar tumatir, sabili da haka rigakafin cututtuka iri daya ne. Babban kwari ne Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro, whitefly, aphid; 'ya'yan itatuwa cikakke suna da ban sha'awa tururuwa
Har ila yau yana da sha'awa a karanta game da karin kwari na kwari: haushi ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaro, granary weevil, gizo-gizo mite, mice, shrew, nematodes, wireworm, hermes, earwig da apple asu.
Girbi naman alade
Zaka iya tattara 'ya'yan itatuwa daga shuka idan sun kai 10-12 cm kuma sun zama rawaya mai launin rawaya, mai launin launin ruwan. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su tsiro a cikin wannan daji a lokaci ɗaya, don haka girbi ya kamata a girbe sau da yawa a lokacin kakar.
Yadda za a ajiye shuka a cikin hunturu
Pepino yana da lokacin hutu, kuma wannan yana ba ka damar ajiye shuka don shekara ta gaba. A wannan lokacin, watering ne kadan, babu wani haske da ake buƙata a kowane lokaci, zafin jiki ya rage zuwa digiri 6. A inji yana da ganye kuma ana iya adana shi yanzu. game da watanni biyu amma ba.
Don samun cututtuka a gaba shekara, pepino bushes pruned a cikin fall by 1/3 da kuma transplanted cikin guga, da dai sauransu.
A ƙarshen Fabrairu, sun kara yawan yawan bango kuma suna tada yawan zafin jiki zuwa 16 ° C. An yanke katakon da aka yanke, kuma an raba cuttings a cikin rassan kuma an dasa su a cikin madara. Don mafi alhẽri rooting, da cuttings an sanya a cikin wani greenhouse tare da zafi na game da 90%.
Melon pear 'ya'yan itatuwa dauke da mai yawa baƙin ƙarfe, carotene, bitamin C, PP, kungiyar B. Sun ma dauke da mai yawa sugars, amma suna sauƙi digested, wanda ya sa pepino ban sha'awa game da namo, da kuma dadi da lafiya.
