Girma albasa aiki ne mai sauƙi ga alama, amma a zahiri ba koyaushe yana ba da sakamakon da ake tsammanin ba. Mummunan yanayi mai wuya, kwari da cututtuka sau da yawa suna hana mai gonar girbi mai kyau. Koyaya, matsaloli da yawa ana iya magance su ta hanyar aiwatar da matakan kariya a cikin shirya kwararan fitila don dasa shuki.
Me yasa ake sarrafa albasa kafin dasawa
Albasa wata itaciya ce wacce take girma a koina a kasarmu. Zai yi wuya a iya tunanin Rasha, kuma hakika wani abinci ba tare da wannan kayan lambu ba. Sabili da haka, zaku iya haɗuwa da albasarta a cikin kowane lambun - shin makircin dacha ne na mazaunin birni ko kuma asalin ƙauyen. Koyaya, duk da cewa akwai sauƙi na namo, akwai wasu ƙananan dabarun da bai kamata a kula da su ba.
Albasa masoya girma daban-daban na wannan amfanin gona
Domin samun kyakkyawan gashin tsuntsu a lokacin rani da kyawawan kwararan fitila da kaka, yakamata a shirya iri yadda yakamata domin dasa shuki. Zabi na tsaba, lura da su daga kwari da cututtuka, soaking don haɓaka haɓaka sune manyan matakan rigakafin tabbatar da girbi mai kyau. Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na maganin iri. Ta hanyar gwaji da kuskure, kowane lambu yakan zaɓi zaɓi da ya dace wa kansa.
Tsarin iri
Ana shirya kwararan fitila don dasa shuki shine matakin farko kuma mai mahimmanci a cikin girma na amfanin gona. Babu damuwa idan kun sayi kayan dasa a kasuwa, cikin kantin sayar da kaya, ko kuma kuna amfani da naku iri - ingantaccen aiki na kwararan fitila zai tantance girbi na gaba a fannoni da yawa.
Tsarin iri ya ƙunshi:
- rarrabuwa;
- dumama;
- soaking a cikin maganin karfafawa;
- kamuwa da cuta.
Siyarwa da kuma dumama
Kafin ci gaba kai tsaye zuwa shirye-shiryen, an yanka albasa, an cire duk lalatattun abubuwa, lalace ko kuma samfuran m. Firam ɗin bushewa dole ne a yanka su a hankali, ba tare da lalata lamuran kore waɗanda suka lalatasu ba. Wannan aiki na inganta abokantaka seedlings kuma dan kadan kara germination. Tare da hanya, kuna buƙatar kwace duk busassun bushe, wanda za'a iya rarrabe shi cikin sauƙi.
Kwararan fitila da aka dasa tare da albasa kwasfa ba su inganta sosai. Gaskiyar ita ce Sikeli ba wai kawai hana haɓaka haɓaka ba, har ma suna sakin abubuwa masu lahani cikin ƙasa, kuma wannan yana cutar da ci gaban shuka.
Sauran kwararan fitila masu lafiya ana ana rarrabe su da girman su kuma an aza su su bushe. Tsaba suna bushe na mako guda a cikin bushe, wuri mai ɗumi, a zazzabi kimanin +25game daC. Wannan zafin ne da iska mai bushe wanda zai ceci albasa daga nematode, wanda baya son zafi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki wanda wannan kwaro zai iya rayuwa shine +22game daC.
Girma albasa a kan gashin tsuntsu ko turnip ya dogara da girman kwararan fitila, don haka da farko raba tsaba
Abin mamaki, manyan kwararan fitila suna girma daga ƙananan tsaba, don haka manoma waɗanda ke girma albasa don sayarwa suna barin duk ƙananan abubuwa don kansu. Manyan kwararan fitila za su faranta wa mai lambu da farkon gashin tsuntsu da tsaba don girbin nan gaba.
Warming tare da Fitosporin
Kwanaki 3 kafin dasa shuki kwan fitila, ya zama dole a jiƙa shi a rana ɗaya a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi (zazzabi + 32 ... +35game daC) Wannan gwargwado zai inganta dumama na sa kuma yana taimakawa cire ɓarna. Phytosporin da aka haɗu da ruwa zai yi aiki mai kyau don tsabtace abubuwa don dasa kayan da kuma kawar da buƙatar buƙatar tsintsin a cikin maganin dindindin na potassium. 20 g foda, narkar da a cikin lita 1 na ruwa, zai jimre da yawa fungal da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Bayan shafawa, kuna buƙatar ƙoƙarin kwantar da kwararan fitila zuwa farin rigar kuma sanya a cikin jakar filastik. Don kwanaki 2 a zazzabi a daki, Tushen da tukwicin kore zasu bayyana - bayan wannan, za a iya dasa albasa.
Ana amfani da Fitosporin na nazarin halittu don lalata abubuwa kayan shuka da kuma narkar da ƙasa.
Warming tare da girma stimulants
Za'a iya haɗu da ruwan dumi tare da ƙarfafa girma. Don yin wannan, ƙara Epin ko Zircon a cikin ruwa a cikin adadin 40 saukad da lita 1 na ruwa. Wadannan kwayoyi suna hanzarta haɓaka da kuma tushen tushe, kazalika da ƙara yawan rigakafin tsirrai ga cututtuka da kuma mummunan yanayin yanayi, amma don tasirin waɗannan kuɗaɗen wajibi ne don sanya ruwa da ruwa. Kuna iya ƙara hatsi na citric acid ko, kamar yadda umarnin suka ba da, 1 g da lita 5 na ruwa.
Rashin kamuwa da cuta
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ƙwayoyin haɓaka haɓaka ba su da kaddarorin dissewa, don haka dole ne a lalata kwararan fitila kafin dasa shuki a ƙasa. Abubuwan da ke tattare da fungi na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sunyi ƙanana sosai wanda ba za'a iya ganin su ba tare da microscope ba, don haka koda da kwararan fitila suna da tsabta cikakke kuma suna da lafiya, bai kamata ku bar wannan hanyar ba.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da za a magance lalacewar shuka, amma ba dukkansu ba ne ke tasiri kamar yadda aka ce su.
Karkatar da man gas
Mafi mashahuri kayan aiki tsakanin lambu shine potassium permanganate. A kwararan fitila suna soaked kafin dasa shuki a cikin duhu bayani na potassium permanganate, kuma a lokacin bazara dasa, hanya yana 2 hours, kuma a cikin kaka - 5 da minti. An bayyana wannan da gaskiyar cewa a cikin kaka kuna buƙatar dasa kwararan fitila, ba da damar su ta farka ba, in ba haka ba za su daskare a cikin hunturu.
Potassium permanganate shine maganin kashe kwari na duniya
Blue vitriol
Sulfate jan karfe watakila shine mafi mashahuri magani na biyu ga dukkan cututtukan. 1 tsp foda yana narkar da a cikin lita 1 na ruwa. Zaman zafin jiki yakamata yakai +45game daC. Kwararan fitila suna soyu kamar yadda yake a cikin maganin potassiumgangan, la'akari da lokacin shekara.
Kafin dasa shuki, albasarta za a iya narkewa a cikin maganin maganin tagulla
Amfani da soda, gishiri da ammoniya
Madadin potassium na dindindin, yawancin lambu suna amfani da maganin burodin soda. A saboda wannan, kafin dasa shuki da kwararan fitila, soda (1 tsp. Per 10 l) an narke shi a cikin ruwan dumi (+ 40 ... +45game daC) kuma jiƙa tsaba a minti na 10-15.
Ana kuma amfani da maganin soda domin magance albasa kafin dasa shuki
Hakanan ana amfani dashi Soda a matsayin feshi yayin da mildew powdery ko wasu cututtuka suka bayyana akan tsire-tsire, amma wannan maganin baya kawo sakamako da ake so.
Sau da yawa zaka iya samun shawara kan soya kwararan fitila a cikin maganin gishiri, amma wannan ra'ayi ne mai rikitarwa. Yawancin masana sunyi imanin cewa wannan matakin bashi da amfani a matakin shirya albasa don dasa shuki. Koyaya, yin shuki seedlings a ƙarƙashin tushe tare da bayani mai gishiri (200 g da lita 10 na ruwa) kyakkyawan kayan aiki ne don rigakafin onionanyen kwari. Haka ake amfani da maganin ammoniya. Watering tsire-tsire (5 tablespoons a kowace guga na ruwa) zai sauƙaƙa seedlings daga kwari da yawa, kuma a lokaci guda rage acidity na ƙasa kuma yana wadatar da shi da nitrogen.
Maganin birch kwal
Yawancin lambu suna amfani da maganin ƙirar birch don aiwatar da kwararan fitila. Hanyar mai kawo rigima, mabiyanta wanda suke jayayya cewa tar yana zama kyakkyawan rigakafin yawancin kwari da cututtuka, ƙari, wannan magani ne na asali wanda baya cutar ƙasa da al'adun kanta.
Mabiyan gargajiya na aikin gona a cikin aiki na dasa kayan sun gwammace Birch tar
Ana sa peeled da bushe da albasarta a kowace karawa, sannan a sanya shi tsawon awanni 2-4 a cikin maganin masara. Abu ne mai sauki ka dafa - a cikin lita 1 na ruwa kana buƙatar narke 1 tbsp. l kwalta. Yanayin zafin jiki ya kamata ya kasance kusa da +20game daC. Don kada kwararan fitilar suyi iyo ruwa, an rufe su da farantin.
Ruwan barkono da sabulu mai ruwa
Kwararan fitila sukanyi matse su a cikin maganin zaki barkono da sabulu. Ta haka ne za a kiyaye sevka za a kiyaye ta daga cututtuka da yawa da kuma karin kwari na ƙasa. Don shirya bayani a cikin 1 l na ruwa, 3 g na barkono ja da tsami 1 tsp an narkar da shi. kore ko wani sabulu na ruwa.
Daga barkono ja da sabulu mai ruwa suna yin bayani don sarrafa albasa
Kayayyakin halittu
Shirye-shirye, aikin wanda ya dogara da aikin ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani, zai taimaka kare albasa daga juji, ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma ƙari. Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun kwayoyi - Trichodermin - yana samuwa a cikin foda ko nau'i na dakatarwa. Don aiki, zaku iya ɗaukar kwararan fitila tare da foda ko jiƙa a cikin maganin da aka shirya bisa ga umarnin.
Planriz yana da irin wannan sakamako. Yin sarrafa kwararan fitila wata rana kafin dasa shuki tare da maganin 1% na wannan magani zai sami sakamako mai narkewa da ƙarfafawa.
Bidiyo: shirya da dasa shuki albasa sevka a bazara
Shiri kasar gona da gadaje
Lokacin shirya gadaje don shuka albasa, dole ne kuyi la'akari da magabata. Juyar da amfanin gona yana da mahimmanci musamman ga wannan amfanin gona, saboda haka ba za a iya dasa kwararan fitila a daidai wurin da suka girma ba. Marassa kyau albasarta sune:
- tafarnuwa
- karas;
- ganye;
- kayan yaji.
Sevka yayi girma bayan:
- kabeji;
- cucumbers
- leda;
- gefera.
Gadaje don dasa albasarta an shirya su a cikin kaka. Gabatar da taki mai jujjuya a cikin nauyin 1 guga a 1 m2 kuma tono da kyau. Ganin ba da ƙiyayya da albasarta zuwa ƙasa na acidic, yana da kyau a ƙara ash ash ko gari dolomite a ƙasa. Wannan ma'aunin ba kawai zai lalata duniya ba, har ma ya wadatar da shi da abubuwan abubuwan da ake amfani da su da yawa. Ma'adinai na ma'adinai don haƙa ba sa, tunda albasa suna da matukar damuwa ga haɗuwar gishiri mai yawa. Zai fi kyau amfani da su azaman miya a cikin girma.
Kwancen da aka tono da haƙa don shara don zubar da ciki tare da maganin Fitosporin (5 g foda a kowace l 10 na ruwa). Ana iya maimaita wannan hanyar a cikin bazara, kafin dasawa.
Aka sarrafa kuma dasa bisa ga dukkan ka'idodi, sevka zai faranta rai tare da lafiyar gashin tsuntsu da manyan kwararan fitila.
Hanyar da na shirya saita albasa don dasa shuki mai sauki ne amma ingantacce. Makonni 2 kafin a yi niyya, na raba kwararan fitila, in ba su ɓacin ɗamara, a yanke dabarun bushe kuma a sa su a kan jirgin bushewa. Muna zaune a wani gida mai zaman kansa kuma muna amfani da tukunyar ruwa. Yana da zafi koyaushe, ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a kusan +40game daC wuri ne mai kyau don dumama kwararan fitila. Bayan makonni 2, Na jiƙa tsaba a cikin wani bayani na Fitosporin-M. Ba kamar Fitosporin na yau da kullun a cikin foda ba, wannan shiri yana da daidaito launin launin launin ruwan kasa. Amma abin da ke da mahimmanci - an wadatad da shi tare da humic acid, nitrogen, potassium da phosphorus (marufi koyaushe ya faɗi abin da aka haɗa a cikin shiri). Sabili da haka, ta narke kwararan fitila a cikin Fitosporin-M bayani, Na lokaci guda in shafe zuriyar kuma in ƙarfafa ci gaba. Kwayoyin cuta masu amfani da ke cikin shirye-shiryen suna kashe kwayoyin cuta na cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan fungal, da ƙari na abubuwa masu alaƙa da abubuwan gano abubuwa ba wai kawai suna da tasirin ƙarfafawa ba, har ma yana ƙara yawan rigakafin tsirrai. Na soaked da kwararan fitila a lokacin rana da kuma dasa su a cikin shirye gadaje. Albasa tana da kyau - ba ya rashin lafiya kuma baya juya launin gaba kafin lokaci.
Fitosporin-M na tattalin arziki ne - don shirya mafita mai aiki, 200 g na liƙa ya narke cikin 400 ml na ruwa. Akwai wani abu mai mahimmanci a nan - ruwan famfo da ke chlorinated zai kashe dukkan kwayoyin cuta masu amfani, saboda haka baza ku iya amfani da shi ba. Don soccer kwararan fitila, Na asali 1 tbsp. l Matsalar aiki a cikin lita 1 na ruwa daga rijiyar artesian.
Duk da sauƙin sa, albasa mai girma ba ta yarda da rashin kulawa ba. Da yake ya ɗan ɗanɗana ƙoƙari da lokaci kan shirya tsaba don shuka, yana yiwuwa a hana farawar cututtuka da kwari a nan gaba, wanda ke nufin rage ƙoƙarin girma cikin amfanin gona. Yin maganin shuka iri ne mai sauki kuma ba mai wahala bane, koda novice na iya shawo kan sa.
