Zinnia ko zinnia a cikin asalin rubutun asali shine tsire-tsire mai ƙuna mai zafi wanda aka shuka a cikin yanayin latitude a matsayin shekara-shekara.
An nada shi bayan darektan Gida na Botanical, Johann Zinn. Na biyu sanannen suna Man. Ya danganta da dangin asters, akwai halittu sama da 20, fiye da iri 50 ana gasa su.
Sun bambanta a cikin siffar da launi na buds a cikin nau'i na iyakoki suna da hemispherical ko siffar lebur. Arean itace da yawa suna girma don bouquets, a yanka furanni masu tsayuwa a cikin bouquets har zuwa kwanaki 20. Ana amfani da matsakaici da ƙananan ciyayi a cikin shimfidar wurare. Noma na Noma yana da sauki.
Bayani da fasali na zinnia
Kyaftin fure tare da lanƙwasa kafaffun ko yada na roba mai tushe tare da matsanancin gefen fure daga tsakiyar bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Al'adar thermophilic tana jin tsoron frosts, unpretentious in barin. Kamar yawancin tsire-tsire a cikin gidan aster, zinnia ba ta buƙatar ƙasa a ƙasa, tana son ingantaccen haske. Ya danganta da iri-iri, yana girma daga 20 cm zuwa mita. Ganyen manyan ba su da isasshen kuzari, mai cike da duhu, ko duhu kore ko kuma kore.
Shuka gaban ko a cikin babakere. 'Ya'yan itacen cchewa ne mai rauni na trihedral, oblate ko m siffar.
Ana amfani dashi don yin ado da lambuna da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin al'adun shekara-shekara, kodayake a cikin daji babban ana ɗaukar shi ɗan tsiro na zamani. Ya girma a Mexico, Arewa da Kudancin Amurka. Masu shayarwa sun gauraye nau'ikan fure mai yalwar launuka daban-daban da launuka daban-daban, iyakokin fure suna lebur ko kuma hanyar ƙasan ruwa. Karen 'yan kwalliya Reed-mai kama da wuya yayi girma a madaidaiciya, sau da yawa yana jujjuyawa cikin tubule, suna samar da toho mai ban sha'awa, wani lokacin kuma a saman goshin.
Yawancin furanni, yana ɗaukar watanni biyu, yana farawa kwanaki 50-55 bayan fitowar. A Rasha, ana amfani da fasahar noma na shuka.
Layi na farko na manyan furanni na waje shine furanni na farkon matakin, tsaba suna haɓaka a cikinsu, sauran - a cikin daji, fure a cikin na biyu, mataki na uku, a cikin su tsaba bazai gaji fasalin nau'in halitta ba.
Iri da nau'ikan zinnia
Fitowar nau'ikan lambun suna da nau'ikan furanni iri-iri cikin bayyanuwa zuwa gungun jinsuna 4 na zinni: kyawawa, kunkuntar, ƙwallaye, filayen daban, kodayake a waje yana kama da na Myra.
An bambanta tsayin kara:
- manyan zinnias, sun girma don yankan cikin bouquets, waɗannan su ne bushes tare da tsawo na 60 zuwa 90 cm. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, haske, suna rarrabe iri zuwa tsayin mita;
- matsakaici-tsayi, tare da tsayi daga 30 zuwa 55 cm, an buge su don ƙirar kayan ado;
- tsinkaye ko filawar fure, dwarf, tsayin su ya kai daga 15 zuwa 30 cm, suna da kyau a cikin tsaunuka, a tsaunukan tsaunuka, suna yin kwalliyar baranda, dasa a cikin tukwane.
Yawan launuka yana da daraja a bincika daki-daki.
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Ra'ayin shekara-shekara na zinnia tare da mayukan fure mai girma wanda ke haifar da manyan katako. Yana fure daga tsakiyar lokacin rani har zuwa yanayin daskarewa. Hasungiyar tana da dwarf, matsakaici mai tsayi da tsayi. Furancin furanni masu dimbin yawa, diamita sun bambanta, mafi ƙarancin cm 3, matsakaici har zuwa cm 17. Palet mai launuka iri-iri: daga fari zuwa shunayya, launuka masu yawa na launin ruwan lemo daga lemo zuwa kirim, ja daga muluɗi zuwa maroon, akwai carmine, orange, purple, lilac. Iri:
- Daungiyar Dahlia na manyan zinnias masu ɗumbin ƙarfi tare da ɗumbin kwayoyi masu siffar hemispherical sun fi yawa. Reed petals tare da zagaye gefen, wanda aka tattara a cikin nau'i na fale-falen buraka, terry inflorescences, babba, daga 10 zuwa 14 cm. Girma don bouquets, riƙe da gabatarwa har zuwa makonni 3. Sanannun nau'ikan: Giant na California, Denaris Gatta, matsakaicin girma na Rasha F1. Labarin keɓaɓɓu: laran tsibiri tare da dusar ƙanƙara-fararen fata, Lavender abin mamakin m-lilac inuwa. Crimson Monarch yana da launin carmine na filayen furanni, Mafarki yana da launi na lilac, mai cike da launi, launuka mai haske, Hallo tare da murnan ruwan hoda mai murjani. Babban Gilashi Yarima ko Ginny tare da iyakokin girman saucer tare da lilac hue, petals, gleam.
- Cactus-like ko giant zinnia tare da spiky petals yana nufin nau'ikan tsayi, huluna sun kasance sako-sako, filayen fure har ma da gindi, samar da bututu mai yawa a ƙarshen bakin. Shahararren jerin Furen Giant Cactus an halitta shi ne don bouquets, bushes suna da tsayi, har zuwa tsayi mita, filayen fure sune ruwan lemo, ja, ruwan rana, launi carmine mai duhu.
- Ana daukar Chrysanthemums a matsayin matsakaici-tsayi. Petals suna da yawa, ana tattara su a cikin ƙwayoyin terry. Kayan filayen fure mai launin bututu suna samar da bututu ko kuma suna da siffar curl.
- Pompoms - tsumburai, gwal mai ƙyalli, wanda aka fasalta shi da karuwar rashin aiki, fure mai gudana. Cold-resistant, jure wa kananan frosts a kan ƙasa, Bloom daga Yuni zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba. Shahararrun nau'ikan: Little Red Riding Hood, a cikin ainihin fasalin da ake kira Rotcopchen. matsakaici-sized bushes tare da na fure fila na cikakken m launi, da petals ba Fade a rana; Tom-Thumb, dwarf iri-iri wanda yayi kama da Little Red Riding Hood, amma furen ba mai yawa bane.
- Fantasy - zinnias na matsakaici-matsakaici tare da furanni masu fure tare da diamita na 8-10 cm Petals suna da kunkuntar tare da buhunan da aka fizge, marasa daidaituwa, a yawancin nau'ikan da aka juya su, sun kasance monophonic kuma sun bambanta. Mashahuri Unclezed Short-staf rassa masu kyau, filayen fure wasu ƙananan, 3.5-4 cm a diamita, launuka suna da laushi: ja, murjani, rana, fari, ceri.
Tatse-yisti
Wannan rukunin zinni ne na matsakaici, tsayin daji mai tsinkaye ya kai cm 45-55. Harsuna na fure wasu ƙananan, har zuwa 3.5 a diamita, lebur ko sako-sako, kamar terry. Petals na matsakaici mai yawa, ninka a cikin bututu. suna da launi mai launin rawaya ko lemo mai laushi, layuka na ƙananan filayen fure a cikin firam sun fi duhu fiye da sauran. Zirin zinari a ciki yayi kama da marigolds.
Mashahuri, galibi ana amfani da nau'ikan ƙirar karkara:
- Kayan Pasifin, a kan daji mai yawa a lokaci guda akwai wasu launuka daban-daban na launuka daban-daban daga rawaya mai zafin rana zuwa Saffron.
- KandyStrip, sigar yanki na fasinjan jikin Persia, ana rarrabe ta da furannin furanni, sunan na biyu na nau'ikan shine Tiger.
- Gloryenshine, da dama tare da m daji strewn tare da terry huluna na haske orange launi, wani lokacin duhu duhu kunkuntar kan iyaka ake gani a kan petals.
- Cherry - wani dwarf matasan tare da manyan harbe, wanda aka yi amfani dashi don kiwo gida na shekara-shekara a cikin tukwane, hemispherical, terry buds, canjin launi na fure, orange a gindi, saffron a kan goshin.
- Kifin Farisa a fasalin yayi kama da kifin Persian, launin launikan fenti ko lemun tsami, bushesun suna da yawa, da yawa.
Damuwa
Masu shayarwa sun karɓi nau'ikan kayan ado da yawa ta hanyar ƙetare ƙusoshin da-zirin da kyawawan zinnias, shahararrun nau'ikan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin shimfidar wurare:
- "ProfusionMixed", ya fitar da jerin launuka masu launuka iri daban daban a karkashin wannan alama. Branchasashen bushes ɗin da kyau, suna gudana tare da furanni masu fure. Ganyen zinnia na gargajiya suna kama da chamomile.
- Haɗin launi mai launi na Karusel shine matsakaici mai matsakaici mai girman-zinlia, huluna suna da yawa, filayen sun kumbura zuwa ƙarshen, sun bambanta da launi, ƙanƙane, suna haɓaka a tsakiyar inuwar daban.
- Iri biyu na Svizl ana wakiltarsa a Rasha ta hanyar nau'ikan biyu na cher Ivory tare da fararen-cream mai yawa, fure suna canza alama zuwa ƙarshen bakin; Scarlet Yelou tare da huluna na launuka masu launin shuɗi, furannin da ke kewaye da karamin iyaka mai launin ruwan kasa.
- Shaggy Dog - wani tsayi daji tare da sako-sako da buds, kunkuntar, Twisted tubular petals.
- "Magellan" nau'in haɓaka ne mai ƙarancin girma tare da daskararru mai yawa har zuwa 10 cm a diamita. Launuka launuka: murjani, kifi, kifi, lemo mai tsami, mai haske mai haske, cike da launin shuɗi.
- Peppermint Stick wani matsakaici ne mai matsakaici tare da launi mai canza launin launuka na fure daga rana zuwa ja.
- Kishi wani yanki ne mai cike da furanni masu fure mai launuka daban-daban, anyi amfani dashi ga wuraren shakatawa na birni.
Lafiya
A waje yayi kama da cosmea. Isan daji yana kwance, matsakaici-sikeli, tushe mai kauri ne, ɗan ƙarami, an rarrabe shi zuwa kananan gwiwoyi. Diamita na furanni karami ne, har zuwa cm 3. Ba a cika shuka dabbobi ba, kukuntar, yadu, mai shunayya.
Linearis
Shortan gajeren nau'in zinnia, siffar karamin daji ya kai 30 cm, mai siffar zobe. Wani lokaci ana kiran wannan nau'in kunkuntar, amma tana da rassa ƙari. Petals suna da yawa, kunkuntar, kaifi, rawaya. Yawancin kiwo da yawa:
- Golden Ai - dusar ƙanƙara mai-fari, daskararren fure mai kamar fure, a tsakiyar babban jigon ƙananan furanni.
- Caramel m karamin daji yana gudana tare da ƙananan furanni tare da cibiyoyin fadi mai duhu, furannin suna da yawa, matte, rawaya mai launin shuɗi.
- Rawaya Tauraruwa - Furen fure mai rawaya.
Linearis ya girma a cikin gidaje a matsayin mai daɗaɗɗen gargajiyar al'adun gargajiya, zinnias ba su da ma'anar kulawa, ana yaba su da yawa tsawon fure.
Dasa zinnia
Dankin yana thermophilic, baya jure yanayin sanyi, kawai wasu nau'ikan zaɓi suna yin haƙuri da yanayin zafi.
Suna girma daga ƙwayoyin zinnia. Ana ajiye shi a gida ko a cikin gidan kore har zuwa ƙarshen dawowar sanyi. Shuka tsaba ne da za'ayi a cikin Maris ko Afrilu, ya dace mu shuka zinnia a cikin kofuna waɗanda ko kuma allunan peat. Ana sayi ƙasa readyin da aka yi, duk duniya ne ko don tumatir. Ana yin ƙasa ne da kansa ta hanyar haɗuwa daidai gwargwado na turfy ƙasa, yashi kogin humus.
Kafin dasa, ana bincika tsaba don germination, sprouts bayyana a cikin kwanaki biyar. An zaɓi kwanakin sauka yayin kalandar Lunar. Ya fi dacewa don amfani da allunan peat, suna soyayye ba tare da cire raga mai ƙarfafa ba. Don dasa zinare zaba Allunan tare da diamita na 4 cm. A wuri na biyu don dacewa, kofuna waɗanda akayi, zaka iya siyan fakitin silima na bakin ciki. Zurfafa zurfin zuwa zurfin 0.5-1 cm. Lokacin da dasa rukuni, lura da tazara tsakanin aƙalla 4 cm tsakanin tsirrai. Don saurin fitowar harbe-zinen, ana ƙirƙirar yanayi mai zafi: an girka kwantena dasa, an tsaftace shi da fim, an tsaftace shi a wani wuri mai ɗumi, zazzabi da aka ba da shawarar shi ne + 25 ... +27 ° С.
Harbe yana bayyana a cikin kwanaki 5-7. An cire fim ɗin, an canja seedlings zuwa wuri mai dumi.
Siffofin girma zinnia
A lokacin haɓaka mai aiki, ana haduwa da ƙwayoyin cuta tare da hadaddun taki Agricola don tsirrai na cikin gida. Tare da dasa gaba ɗaya na tsaba a cikin babban ƙarfin, ana aiwatar da nutsewar tsirrai bayan bayyanar ganye na uku na ganye.
Matsakaicin girma girma ba shi da sama da +22 ... +24 ° С, ba ƙasa da +17 ° С. Idan seedlingsa thean suka shimfiɗa sosai, suna sauƙaƙa shi, suna ƙara sa'o'in hasken rana zuwa awa 14. A shuka blooms 2.5 watanni bayan bayyanar sprouts, ana dasa bishiyoyi yana da shekaru 4 zuwa shida. A cikin aiwatar da girma, an sanya pinching don bayyanar harbe-harbe a kaikaice, an cire gwagwarmaya daga tushe. Kuna iya yanke shi da almakashi, an riga an lalata su.
Ana fitar da takin ƙasa a cikin lokacin girma fiye da 1 lokaci na wata daya. Yana da kyau a zabi hadaddun, wanda ya hada da potassium, alli, phosphorus. Nitrogen takin mai magani ba iyaka, don kada ya tsokani tushen rot. Don ciyar da amfani da superphosphate, ammofoska, potassium sulfate, takin da aka yi da "Furen", "Rainbow". Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, ana shuka 'yan huhun ciki - ana fitar da su zuwa wuri mai sanyi, an basu damar su kwana a waje, da farko a karkashin wani tsari na masana'anta, sannan ba tare da shi ba.
Kula kirfa na waje
A hadaddun na agrotechnical matakan sun hada da weeding seedlings, watering a bushe, zamani miya, a lokacin budadden, cire harbe bayan fure, sababbi za su kafa a cikin wurin. Idan ƙasa tana da yawa, yana da kyau a aiwatar da farin kaya.
Pinch kawai daji na ado iri. Hakanan an ba da tushe mai tushe don zinnias, kodayake, furen yana da gabatarwa.
Tsiniya bata nemi izinin fita ba. Yana girma mafi kyau a wuri mai cike da hasken wuta, amma kuma zai gamshi da wuraren inuwa.
Tsiniya bayan fure
Bayan ya tashi a kusa da fure na toho, an kafa dunƙule mai laushi a kan tushe, wannan kwandon iri ne. An tsage ko hagu don yayyafa. Haske mai haske, mafi yawancin ko da na farkon layin suna alama da zaren, ana tattara tsaba daga gare su. Idan ana so, ana iya matsar da bushes zuwa wani gida ko lambun hunturu.
Ta yaya kuma lokacin girbi tsaba
Yanke kwandunan iri an bushe su har sai sun bushe. Bayan haka, suna durƙusawa cikin tafukan dabino don haka tsaba su bayyana. Kafin shiryawa ana ware su. Zinnia yana da sifofi na musamman: bushes daban-daban na iya girma daga kwandon ɗaya. Wannan ya faru ne saboda matakin ci gaban iri.
Don dasa shuki, barin seedsa seedsan mai kama da elongated tare da nuna gogewa da kunkuntar tare da aya mai launin shuɗi. Ana jefa waɗanda ke da launin fata masu launin fata, ƙananan tsire-tsire masu ƙyalƙyali suna girma daga garesu, koda kuwa an tattara tsaba daga terry bushes.
Encedwararrun masu siyar da furanni sun raba tsaba zuwa rukuni. Suna zaɓar mashin-mai siffa don tsiro mara nauyi da fure mai laushi, mai da elongated tare da wutsiya mai launin toka, galibi gabaɗayan sifofin kayan ado ne.
An sanya tsaba a cikin kunshe-kunshe, sanya hannu kan shekarar tarin, launi, iri-iri. Adana zuriyar a zazzabi a daki a takarda. Tare da babban zafi, germination saukad da.
Perennial zinnia a cikin hunturu
A cikin yankuna masu dumi inda babu sanyi mai zafi, an rufe zinnia da rassan spruce, saman bushe na Peas, da sauran kayan kwance. Yi kariya ta dusar ƙanƙara. Bushes hunturu a cikin ƙasa bude, zo rayuwa a cikin bazara, sake fara Bloom. Idan ana so, an haƙa su, suna barin dunƙarar ƙasa, ana tura ta zuwa tukwane, fure, da kwantena. Canja wuri zuwa gonar hunturu ko gida don hunturu. Domin kada ya daina fure, busassun ƙafafun ya watse.
Karin kwari da cututtuka na zynia
Zinnia tana kiyaye kariya daga kwari, kwari masu kwari da kwari. Daga cututtukan fungal ana amfani da su. Zynias da wuya yayi rashin lafiya.
Mr. Maigidan bazara ya ba da shawarar: fa'idodin zinnia a gonar
An shuka ciyayi ne saboda dalilai na kayan ado; Ana jin daɗin shi ga masu shirya makircin. Fa'idodi na Zinnia:
- Paleti mai haske na launuka na tsari da inuwa daga launin rawaya zuwa shunayya. Banda shudi ne, kawai ana bayar da lankwashe iri daban-daban.
- Buds ba su shuɗe ƙarƙashin rana ba, su tsaya da kyau a cikin tsarin furanni.
- Ba a neman kulawa a filin budewa, fari-mai tsayayya, unpretentious ga abun da ke ciki da kuma acidity na kasar gona.
- Furanni suna jan hankalin kwari: ƙudan zuma, mangwaro. Tsuntsaye suke cinye tsaba.
- Tsawon lokaci da saka filawar fure.
- Yawan nau'ikan halitta, yayi girma a tsayi daban-daban.
- Zinnia ba ta zalunta amfanin gona ba, ganye, ba shi da wahala ka zaɓi wurin shuka.
Lokacin zabar wani wuri don zinnia, yakamata kayi la'akari da shawarar masu zanen kaya:
- An fi shuka su cikin kungiyoyi, domin dasa iri guda, ana fifita nau'ikan furanni.
- Ba a haɗa su - kyakkyawan ƙirar iyakoki.
- Zynia ya fi dacewa a haɗe tare da asters, marigolds, saffron.
A ƙarshen lokacin, za a iya dasa shuki a cikin tukwane, za su yi murna da furanni duk shekara.
