Okra - amfanin gona na kayan lambu

A yau, mutane da yawa lambu da mazauna bazara ba kawai 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari waɗanda suka saba a gare mu ba, har ma suna ƙoƙarin samun girbi daga abubuwan al'ajabi na ƙasashen waje. Wannan aikin yana da ban sha'awa sosai, saboda kula da tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa, mai lambun ya juyar da gadaje zuwa kananan tashoshin gwaji, kuma ya zama mai bincike. Okra har yanzu tsire-tsire ne mai wuya a kan gonarmu, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya zama kyakkyawan ra'ayi ga waɗanda suke son yin gwaji tare da sababbin samfurori.

Okra - bayanin shuka

Okra - kayan lambu mai saurin samun sa'a ana iya samun sa a wasu sunayen - okra, gombo, yatsun matan, cin abincin mai ban sha'awa.

Yaduwar okra

Shuka ta yaɗu a cikin Amurka, Asiya, kudanci Turai kuma, ba shakka, a mahaifarta - a Afirka. Don Rasha, wannan har yanzu shine mafi yawan 'ya'yan itace kayan lambu. Arean ƙaramin filaye suna girma a cikin ƙasa na Krasnodar da a cikin Tervropol Territory, a cikin sauran yankuna kawai ta hanyar lambu mai son.

Okra, wanda aka dasa a cikin layuka a yankuna na kudancin Rasha

Halin al'ada

Okra shine kayan lambu na shekara-shekara na dangin mallow. Tsawon daji ya dogara da nau'in kuma yana iya zama 30-40 cm a cikin ƙananan girma kuma ya kai mita biyu a cikin tsayi iri. Saboda da lokacin farin ciki kara da tushe da kuma manyan mashaya na ganye mai duhu koren launi, inji yana da kamala mai kyau. Cikakken manyan furanni na kirim ko launi mai madara wanda ke bayyana a cikin sinus na ganye yana ƙara adorativeness ga duka shrub. 'Ya'yan itãcen iri ɗaya suna cikin tsari zuwa murfin barkono - akwatunan ɗakunan kore tare da tsaba masu yawa, a wasu nau'ikan za su iya zama babba - fiye da 20 cm tsawo.

Flowing da fruiting na okra faruwa lokaci guda

Amfani da okra

Suna girma okra a matsayin kayan lambu. Saboda dandano na sa tsaka tsaki, wanda yake tunawa da bishiyar asparagus wake, ana amfani dashi sosai wajen dafa abinci. Sakamakon babban furotin mai gina jiki, bitamin, macro- da microelements, kazalika da ƙarancin kalori mai yawa da kuma ikon rage ƙwayar cholesterol, ana amfani da okra azaman samfurin abinci. Shuke-tsiren tsire-tsire suna da wadataccen mai, suna daidai da darajar da zaitun. Har ila yau, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna dauke da abubuwan mucous tare da kayyakin kayyakin, don haka jita-jita daga okra ana bada shawarar don cututtukan cututtukan hanji. Daga bishiyun, 'ya'yan gasashe, an sha abin sha wanda yake ɗanɗano kamar ainihin kofi.

Fruitsa fruitsan Okra suna ɗauke da adadin bitamin da abubuwan gina jiki

Wasu lokuta akan 'ya'yan itacen okra akwai ƙananan inclusions na abubuwa masu ƙonewa. Tare da lura da zafi, kaifi ya ɓace, amma tattara da dafa kayan lambu, musamman manyan, yana da kyau tare da safofin hannu. Wannan ma'aunin zai kare hannayenku daga ƙonewa da haushi.

Bidiyo: okra - kaddarorin masu amfani

Mashahurai irin okra

Yawancin nau'o'in okra sun bambanta da juna ta hanyar tsawo daga daji, girman da dandano na 'ya'yan itatuwa, da tsawon lokacin girma.

A cikin yanayin yanayinmu, mafi kyawun da ake samu ya samar:

1. Tauraruwar Dauda wani nau'i ne mai tsayi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun kai tsawon 15 cm.
2. Red karammiski ne marigayi ripening iri-iri. Manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu launin ja sun bayyana bayan kwana 70 bayan tsiro.
3. Farar fata farin ruwa shine ɗayan shahararrun nau'ikan furanni masu kyau tare da kyawawan furanni masu launin furanni da adon furanni kusan tsawon 10 cm.
4. Clemson sanannen sananniyar itace ne mai bada tasirin gaske. Of musamman darajar su ne manyan 'ya'yan itãcen kyau iyawa.
5. Blondi wani nau'in sanyi ne mai sanyin sanyi wanda ake iya rarrabewa da shi tare da creama fruitsan itace masu yawa-kore.

Hoton hoto: sanannun nau'ikan okra

Girma okra a cikin bangarorin yanayi da yawa

An sami nasarar yin nasara a Okra a yankuna da yawa na ƙasarmu, duk da haka, hanyoyin dasa shuki na yankuna daban-daban na yanayi suna da bambance-bambance. Okra ana dasa shi gabaɗaya a cikin hanyar seedling. Shuka tsaba kai tsaye zuwa cikin ƙasa mai yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin yankuna na kudanci - theasashen Krasnodar Territory, Tervropol Territory, da Caucasus. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa al'ada ita ce yanayin zafi da ƙima ta raguwar zafin jiki.

A cikin yankuna na tsakiya, a cikin yankin Volga, Siberiya da Urals, ana shuka okra ta hanyar shuka, kuma an ba da daidaiton yanayin, yana da kyau a shuka wannan amfanin gona a cikin gidajen kora ko hotbeds.

Don kyakkyawar haɓakar okra, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓin wurin da ya dace don dasa. Ganin asalinsa na kudanci, ya zama dole a ba shi yankin mafi dausayi kuma mafi shinge daga iska. Fertasa mai sauƙi mai haske yana ba da gudummawar girbi mai yawa.

Bidiyo: girma okra a cikin tukwane - kaddarorin masu amfani

Hanyar Seedling na okra

Tsaba Okra germinate daga makonni biyu zuwa hudu, sabili da haka, don hanzarta aiwatar da tsari, suna pre-soaked. Don yin wannan, saka adiko na goge baki tare da tsaba a cikin saucer, moisten shi da ruwa a zazzabi a ɗaki kuma saka a cikin wurin dumi kwana daya.

A lokacin da soya tsaba, yana da mahimmanci a hana su daga nutsar da ruwa gabaɗaya - dole ne tsaba suyi numfashi. Don kyakkyawan sakamako, zaku iya daskarar da zane tare da ruwan sama ko ruwa mai narkewa.

Shuka tsaba don shuka

Ana shuka tsaba Okra a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu. Yana da matukar dacewa don amfani da kofuna waɗanda na shuka don shuka, zai fi dacewa peat. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tsire-tsire okra suna da tushen tushe, kuma kusan babu tushen a kaikaice, don haka suna canja wurin dasa da zafi. Yin amfani da tukwane na peat zai ba da damar shuka seedlings a cikin lambu ba tare da lalata tsarin tushe ba.

Lokacin amfani da tukwane na peat, seedlings suna fadi a ƙasa ba tare da lalata tushen sa ba

Mataki-mataki-mataki na shuka iri

1. Saita tukwane na peat a kan akwati kuma cika ƙasa domin tsiro.
2. A cikin kowane tukunya, yi sanda tare da hutu na kusan 4 cm.
3. Rage zuriyar cikin sako kuma yayyafa tare da ƙasa.
4. Zuba ruwa a zazzabi a daki.
5. Rufe tray tare da tukwane tare da tsare.

Okra seedlings kula

A lokacin tsirowar ƙwayar cuta, ya zama dole don kula da yawan zafin jiki na kimanin digiri 20 kuma lokaci-lokaci sanyaya tukwane. Bayan fitowar seedlings, dole ne a cire fim ɗin, kuma an saka seedlings a cikin wurin dumi mai haske.

Carearin kulawa da tsire-tsire yana zuwa ƙasa don ciyarwa da ciyarwa a kan kari. Makonni biyu bayan fitowar, ana iya ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da cikakkiyar takaddun takin gargajiya na ofan tsire-tsire. Yakamata a aiwatar da irin wannan riguna a kowane kwanaki 12-14 kafin a dasa shuki zuwa mazaunin dindindin.

'Ya'yan itacen Okra suna buƙatar samar da wuri mai dumi da haske

Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa

Lokacin da shekara 35 - kwanaki 45, okra seedlings da suka girma kuma suka yi ƙarfi ana shuka su a cikin dindindin. Gadaje tare da kasar gona mai sanyi an shirya su a cikin kaka - suna yin takin gargajiya da takin gargajiya don tono. Ana saukowa ƙasa mafi kyau a cikin yanayin girgije ko yamma. Lokacin dasa shuki iri mai tsayi, tsakanin bushes bar nisan kusan 90 cm kuma tsakanin layuka - 50 cm. Ana shuka tsire-tsire masu ƙarancin girma bayan 60 cm da 40 cm jere jera. Shukewar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna zubar da kyau kuma suna mulched tare da peat ko humus.

Shuke seedlings mai girma ana shuka su akan gadaje

Hanyarda ba ta hanyar girma okra

A cikin yankuna na kudanci na kasarmu tare da dogon lokacin rani da zafi, ana iya dasa okra kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa. Za'ayi shuka ne lokacin da aka sanyaya ƙasa gabaɗaya kuma zazzabi sama baya faɗuwa ƙasa 16 C.

Seedswararrun da aka yayyafa suna da zurfafa daga zurfin 3-4 cm. Nisa tsakanin rijiyoyin daidai yake da lokacin dasa shuki. Ana iya sanya tsaba biyu a cikin rami kuma daga baya, lokacin da seedlings suka bayyana - a datsa masu rauni. Mataki da ruwa cikin ƙasa.

Kula a lokacin girma

Kulawar Okra mai sauki ne kuma hanyoyin hanyoyin seedling da seedling hanyoyin namo iri daya ne. Bayan fitowan, wajibi ne don hana bushewa da ƙasa. A lokacin da takin, yana da kyau a madadin ma'adinai phosphorus-potash takin mai magani da kwayoyin.

A farko, seedlings suna buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullun - weeding, kwance ƙasa, kayan miya da kuma lokacin shayarwa. Tare da haɓakar okra, kulawa yana sauƙaƙa - bushes mai yaduwa ba sa barin kasar ta bushe da sauri kuma kansu suna hana ci gaban ciyawa. Za a iya shayar da ɗan adam bushes sau da yawa, amma da yawa, don rigar ƙasa zuwa zurfin 40 cm.

Bush samuwar

Ana aiwatar da samuwar daji na okra ta hanyoyi biyu. Kuna iya shuka shuka a cikin akwati guda - watse ɓarnar da take fitowa. Masu goyon bayan wannan hanyar suna da'awar cewa rassan suna ba da fruitan itace kaɗan, amma suna ɗaukar ƙarfin babban shoot, wanda kuma ke asara yawan amfanin sa.

A cikin hanyar ta biyu, kambin babban tushe yana gajarta, wanda ke karfafa samuwar rassan gefen. Mabiya irin wannan namo yi imani cewa irin wannan molding bada mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kuma a fili, gwaje-gwaje ne kawai a shafin nasu wanda zai taimaka wa mai son yanke shawarar wace hanya ake sonta.

Fruiting okra

Kimanin watanni biyu bayan fitowar, okra ta fara fure, kuma bayan sati daya zaka iya ɗaukar amfanin gona na farko. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna buƙatar tattara su akai-akai, saboda, bayan sagging biyu na kwana biyu ko uku, sun zama m da inedible. A cikin kudu, ana aiwatar da girbi a kowace rana, a cikin yankunan da ke da yanayin sanyi - kowane kwanaki 4-5.

Fruitan itacen okra

'Ya'yan itacen okra yana wanzuwa har zuwa ƙarshen kaka, amma tare da rage yawan zafin jiki, ci gaban ababen hawa ya rage gudu.

Lokacin girbi okra, ya kamata a kula sosai, tunda an rufe shuka da wuya, ingantaccen inzali, wanda ke haifar da haushi ga fata. Sabili da haka, yin aiki tare da wannan amfanin gona ya fi kyau tare da safofin hannu.

Cututtukan Okra

Don okra, cutar halayyar cututtukan halayyar tsirrai ne na gidan malvaceae.

Blackaƙwalwar baƙar fata shine cutar fungal. Sau da yawa yakan shafi mai tushe na okra seedlings. Ya kamata a cire ciyawar da ba ta da lafiya nan da nan don kada makwabta su kamu. Don hana abin da ya faru na ƙafa na baƙar fata, bai kamata ku ƙyale yawan danshi ba, sau da yawa sanya iska ta fitar da tsire-tsire idan sun girma a cikin greenhouse.

Lokacin shirya ƙasa don shuka da dasa dasa a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, yana da kyau a zubar da shi tare da maganin phytosporin. Wannan shiri na kwayoyin cuta yana da tasiri don magani da rigakafin cututtukan fungal da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.

Kishiya cuta ce mai haɗarin gaske. Ya bayyana a cikin nau'i na rawaya spots a ganye, mai tushe da buds. A gefen ciki na ganye mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa - an samo gangunan naman gwari. Shuke-shuke da cutar ta shafa suna mutuwa. Idan an sami tsire-tsire marasa lafiya, ya zama dole a cire shi nan da nan kuma a bincika dukkan tsire-tsire.

Powdery mildew cuta ce ta kowa. A kan ganyayyaki da abin ya shafa na shuka, zaku iya lura da farin rufi, inji ba shi da talauci, yana ɗaukar siffofin mummuna. Yana da Dole a cire duk ganye tare da farin shafa.

Hoton Hoto: Cutar Okra

Lafiya da matakan kariya

Don magance cututtukan fungal, ana bada shawara ga fesa ba kawai tsire-tsire masu cutar tare da maganin phytosporin ba, har ma da makwabta, da ƙasa a kusa da su. Umarni game da miyagun ƙwayoyi ya bayyana dalla-dalla yadda za a shirya magani da kuma sau nawa ake maimaita magani.

Don hana aukuwar cututtuka, lokacin girma okra, dole ne a bi ka'idodin ka'idodin fasahar aikin gona:

• lura da juyawa amfanin gona;
• hana thickings na saukowa;
• cire ganye wuce haddi, musamman wadanda ke shafa kasa;
• yi gwagwarmaya da kwari da kwari, saboda galibi su ne masu ɗaukar cututtuka.

Kurakurai a cikin aikace-aikacen hadi na haifar da rauni ga tsirrai da raguwa daga rigakafi. Cessaukar nitrogen da rashin takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium na iya haifar da faruwar cututtukan fungal.

Karin kwari na okra

Daga cikin kwari, kwayar cutar mafi hatsari ga okra ana wakilta ta aphids, thrips, da scoop kabeji.

Aphids - baƙo mai yawan shakatawa, yana jan ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganye, yana raunana shuka. Ana iya ganin tara smallan ƙaramar toka ko kore a saman tsirrai da kan ƙasan ganye.

Thrips ƙananan kwari ne masu rarrafe waɗanda ke haifar da lahani ga tsirrai. Sukan tashi a ganye da ganye, suna zana ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga shuka. Bayan cin abincin nasu, ramuka ya kasance akan tsire-tsire wanda kowane nau'in namomin kaza na iya shiga, don haka dole ne a fara yaƙin wannan kwaro nan da nan.

Kabeji diba - matafila cinye duka ganye da 'ya'yan itãcen okra. A cikin dan kankanin lokaci, kwaro zai iya barin lambu ba tare da amfanin gona ba kawai okra, har ma da wasu albarkatu masu yawa.

Gaban Hoton Hoto: Karin kwari a Okra

Ikon kwaro

Ta bin ƙa'idodi masu sauƙi don okra, ana iya hana kwari. Yana da muhimmanci sosai kada a bar gadaje ya yi kauri, zuwa sako akan lokaci. Binciken na yau da kullun na tsire-tsire zai taimaka wajen lura da kwaro har zuwa lokacin da zai zama da wuya a magance shi, kuma lalacewar da aka yi ana ganinsa. A farkon gano kwari, ya zama dole don kula da tsire-tsire tare da kwaro. A yau, a kan shelves na kantin sayar da mai arziki tsari na hanyoyi da dama don kula da kwaro. A cikin wannan taron, Zan fitar da Fitoverm - wani shiri na ƙirar halitta wanda ba shi da guba da keɓaɓɓiyar yanayi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da kayan marmari waɗanda Fitoverm ke sarrafawa za'a iya ci cikin kwanaki biyu.

Tarin, amfani da adana okra

'Ya'yan okra da aka girbe ba su yin dogon ajiyar ajiya. Fresh dole ne a yi amfani dasu tsakanin kwana biyu zuwa uku bayan an cire su. Kuna iya amfani da ɗanyen kayan lambu, stewed ko soyayyen, a matsayin jita-jita na gefe, kayan abinci na salatin ko azaman abinci mai zaman kanta. Don dafa abinci, ɗaukar faranti matasa, an wanke shi da ruwan zãfi. Peels shirya ta wannan hanyar za a iya sauƙi peeled kashe. Dole ne a yi wannan don fatar fata ba ta lalata daɗin da tasa. An shirya Okra da sauri, a cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan, kuma a lokaci guda ba a lalata kaddarorin masu amfani ba.

Okra stewed tare da kayan lambu

Don adana 'ya'yan itacen okra na dogon lokaci, yi amfani da daskarewa da sauri, bushewa ko canning.

Okra (okra) yayi girma ba tare da wata matsala ba, dasa shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa (i.e., ba tare da tsire-tsire ba), a cikin rabin na biyu na Mayu (har yanzu shuka ta thermophilic).

SA

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A cikin ƙasa ta Krasnodar, na girma lafiya okra. (Okra sunanta na biyu). Idan banyi kuskure ba, wannan tsiro itace dangin auduga. Kayan lambu suna da ban sha'awa sosai, zaku iya dafa abinci mai daɗi, amma koyaushe daga ƙwanƙwasa matasa, kamar yadda suke hanzari su girma kuma suka zama m. Ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na mucous, yana nutsar da ciki da kyau. Yanayi don haɓaka: ƙasa da zazzabi - ba ƙasa da digiri 14-16 ba. A tsakiyar layi kuma zuwa arewa, zaku iya ƙoƙarin yin girma a cikin kora ko a karkashin tsari na fim. Lokacin girma don nau'ikan daban-daban, daga kwanaki 60 zuwa 90.

Ffr

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okra (okra) - dole ne a cire 'ya'yan itacen a kai a kai, in ba haka ba za su zama m, fibrous. Super dadi pickled. Ganyen kayan lambu mai ba da yawa, amma kuma, kada ku kori girman. Lessasa da, mafi kyau. Erarancin warkewa.

Vx900

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Girbi na okra zai faranta wa lambu da lambu, ko da kuwa an girma a cikin greenhouse ko a bude.Kuma jita-jita da aka shirya daga wannan samfurin na abinci zai haɓaka kuma yalwata kowane abinci.