Raspberries koyaushe sun jawo hankalin masu lambu. Musamman ma ƙara ƙwarewa yana bayyana cikin yalwar anda andan da ke da manyan frua .an. Ofayansu shi ne ire-iren Yaren mutanen Poland wanda ake samu Lyachka, wanda ya shahara sosai a Turai. An haɓaka shi duka biyu a kan ma'aunin masana'antu da kuma gonakin mutum. Hakanan samfuran 'yan kasuwa da manoma na Rasha sun yaba ingancinsu da kasuwancin wannan rasberi.
Tarihin ci gaba
Kasar gona raspberries Lyachka - Poland. Hakanan ana iya kiran wannan nau'in Lachka, Lyashka, Lashka. Sunan Lyachka ya fi yawa a tsakanin gardenersyan lambu na Rasha, kodayake, mafi kusancin bambancin magana zuwa Yaren mutanen Poland shine Lashka.
Masanin kimiyyar Poland ne Jan Danek ya samo rasberi Lyachka a farkon karni na 21 a cikin Sadowniczym Zakładzie Doświadczalny instytutu Sadownictwa i Kwiaciarstwa a Brzeznej (Cibiyar Aikin Gona da Abinci). A cikin 2006 an yi rajista a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland na iri iri, a cikin 2009 - a Ukraine. Lyachka ya zama tartsatsi a Belarus, Moldova, Russia da Ukraine. Ba a shigar da iri-iri a cikin rijistar nasarorin da Federationasar Rasha ta samu ba.
Bayani da halayyar mutum
Ball - talakawa (ba remontantny) raspberries, wanda ke ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace akan harbe shekaru biyu da haihuwa. Farkon fruiting a farkon - sau da yawa riga a ƙarshen Yuni a kudancin latitude da berries fara ripen. Siffar ire-iren lokaci ne na yalwataccen yawan amfanin ƙasa, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari a hankali na tsawon lokaci. A tsakiyar Rasha, 'ya'yan fari na farko za a fara ɗauka a tsakiyar watan Yuli, kuma a farkon Satumba har yanzu ana iya kasancewa berries akan bushes.
Arfin girma shine matsakaici da ƙarfi, duk yana dogara ne da yanayin micro da kulawa. Otsan buɗe ido suna girma daga mita biyu zuwa uku (wasu lokuta zasu iya kaiwa mita 3.5). Mai tushe mai taushi, tare da kakin zuma da kakin zuma, a cikin sashi na sama suna tanƙwara albasa kamar. Akwai ƙaya da yawa, amma ba su da yawa, saboda haka girbi ba mai wuya ba ne. A shekaru biyu mai tushe, yawancin da yawa dogaye kuma kyawawan kayan laterals (harbe mai ɗauke da )a fruitan itace) an kafa su. A iri-iri ba yiwuwa ga ƙarfi girma, canza harbe an kafa a moderation.
A kan bushes ɗin bishiyoyi na rasberi Lyachka an kafa rashen da yawa masu ba da izini
Berries suna da yawa, daga gram 6 zuwa 8, suna iya isa gra 10 10 tare da kyakkyawan kulawa. Launi mai haske ja. A farfajiya tare da kadan pubescence. Tsarin yana da elongated-conical tare da ƙarewa mai ƙyalli. A berries ne mai yawa, drupe ne ƙanana.
Manyan mazugi masu kamanni na Rasberi Lechka suna da launi mai launin ja, adadinsu shine 6-8 g, tare da kyakkyawan kulawa yana iya kaiwa 10 g
Dandano ya daidaita, mai daɗi da m, kayan zaki. Dandanawar dandanawa - maki 9. Tare da tsawon lokaci a kan bushes kar a crumble, amma kawai sami sukari da kuma rasa acid. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari za a iya amfani da su a duniya
Transportability bayyana high, 9 maki. Koyaya, ra'ayoyi game da safarar abubuwa sun rarrabu. Akwai bitoci da yawa waɗanda kyawawan motsi ke ci gaba kawai tare da girbin lokaci. Idan berries ɗin suna kan bushes na dogon lokaci, to, suna duhu kuma bayan mun girbe washegari washegari zasu rasa gabatarwa da kwarara. Zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa kada kuyi latti tare da girbin, idan an shirya berries don sufuri da siyarwa.
Tare da girbi mai dacewa, berries mai yawa na Lyachka rasberi suna da babban safarar su
Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa akan sikelin masana'antu shine kilogiram 170 / ha, matsakaicin - 200 kg / ha. Tare da daji guda, ƙwararrun 'yan lambu tare da kulawa da hankali sun karɓi kilogiram 4-5 na samfuran kasuwa.
Ingancin rasberi Lyachka yana da girma, tare da matakin da ya dace da fasaha na aikin gona, zaku iya samun kilogiram 5 na kayayyakin daga daji ɗaya
Dangane da bayanin asalin, da kuma sake dubawar lambu da ke girma Ball, yawan amfanin ƙasa, babban girma da ingancin berries ana cimma su ne kawai idan an lura da yanayin girma mai kyau.
Hardness na hunturu da juriya sanyi shine babban - maki 9. Daskarewa na fure fure shine 5-10%. Dangane da sake dubawa, da bushes tsayayya da frosts to -35 ° C. Koyaya, Lyachochka yana da fasali saboda wanda tsire-tsire ba koyaushe yayi haƙuri jure hunturu ba.
Yawan lokacin hutu na hunturu a Lyachka ya yi gajeru - an sa wannan a matakin tsararraki. Kamar yadda iri-iri tare da tsawan lokaci na fruiting, tsire-tsire suna tsire-tsire na dogon lokaci a cikin fall, kuma saboda farkon girma da suka farka da wuri. A cikin yanayin canji ta hanyar canza thaws da dawowar ƙanƙara, ƙodan ya daskare. Tushen ya zama mai dorewa kuma ana iya dawo da tsire-tsire cikin nasara, amma ana samun fruiting kawai a kakar mai zuwa. Mafi yawancin lokuta wannan yana faruwa a cikin yanayin yanayi mai laushi na latitude kudu na Rasha da Ukraine. An lanƙwasa kuma an rufe shi da dusar ƙanƙara na Lyachki da an samu nasarar jure hunturu cikin yankuna masu sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara ba tare da thaws
Motocin Rasberi Lyachka suna jure yanayin bushewa a ƙarƙashin murfin dusar ƙanƙan da yawa a yankuna na arewacin
Kamar yawancin nau'ikan zamani, Lyachka yana da tsayayyar tsayayya da cututtukan gama gari (maki 8) da kwari (7-8 maki) raspberries. A cikin kwatancin iri-iri, an lura da tsayayya da lalacewar harbe da tumatir na berries.
Bidiyo: duba nau'in rasberi na Lyachka
Siffofin rasprogram na agrotechnics raspberries Lyachka
Dukkanin kyawawan kaddarorin iri-iri ana nuna su ne kawai tare da matakin da ya dace da fasahar aikin gona. Lamarin girma Lyachka yana da mahimmanci a yi la’akari, in ba haka ba akwai haɗarin rashin samun sakamakon da ake tsammanin. Irin wannan bayanin yana cikin bayanin hukuma game da iri-iri, kuma an tabbatar dashi ta hanyar sake dubawa da yawa.
Saukowa
Wurin dasa wuri ne da rana ke buɗewa, amma tsirrai na iya jure da ƙaramin inuwa ba tare da jin zafi ba. Tsarin dasa wannan nau'in ana bada shawarar 2.0x0.5 m. Tare da wannan jeri, raspberries zasu sami isasshen sarari don cikakken ci gaba.
Rasberi Lyachka dasa a cikin wani wuri wuri, tare da mafi kyau duka na wannan matakin biyu-mita aisles
Amsaukar haske mai sauƙi tare da ɗan ƙaramin acidic ko tsaka tsaki tsinkaye an fi son aikin namo. Dogayen ƙasa ba su yarda da su ba. Ruwan iska da ruwa na ƙasa na ɗayan ɗayan mahimmin yanayi ne don ci gaban nasara da frua ofan tsire-tsire an bayyana shi a cikin bayanin asalin.
Rasberi Lyachka ya sa manyan bukatun kan amfanin gona. Kafin dasa shuki ƙasa, yana da mahimmanci a cika shi da takin gargajiya. Don digging, yin burodi 2-3 na humus ko takin a kowane murabba'in mita 1. Lokacin dasa, an gabatar da cakuda ash na itace tare da takaddun takaddun ma'adinai a cikin rami.
Idan ba a samar da harbe-manyan abubuwan maye ba don isasshen yaduwa, to, dangane da ƙwarewar lambu, Lyachka na iya samun nasarar yaduwar hanyar ƙwaya. Sauran abubuwanda ake buƙata don saitin kwallaye iri ɗaya ne kamar na kowane raspberries.
Bidiyo: yaduwar Ballan itacen raspan itacen byan itacen byan itace
Kulawa
Tun da iri-iri ke cin babban adadin albarkatu don samarwa da yawan amfanin ƙasa, ya zama dole a yi amfani da tsare-tsaren harbe domin inganta kaya a jikin tsirrai. A cikin shekara-shekara da busheshen shekara-shekara, ya isa ya bar 2-3 na harbe mafi ƙarfi. Matsakaicin nauyin akan tsohuwar daji shine 5-7 mai tushe. Kuma suma a kai a kai suna halakar da ambaliya wanda ba dole ba, wanda za'a iya kafa shi tare da zafi mai zurfi da takin nitrogen.
Rasberi Lyachka yana buƙatar racing harbe; ba a fi mai tushe 5-7 a cikin daji ɗaya ba
Duk da taurin katako, mai tushe ba ya tsayayya da nauyin amfanin gona kuma yana buƙatar garter. Babban harbe, wanda a yankuna masu ruwa (misali, kamar Arewa maso yamma) na iya isa mita 3.5, ba a ba da shawarar iyakance girma ba. Pinching lokacin rani yana haifar da chinganyen jinkiri da jinkiri a cikin katako na itace, wanda ke haifar da raunana yanayin tsananin hunturu. Zai fi kyau a yanka mai tushe zuwa tsawo na trellis na mita biyu a bazara.
Tall harbe na rasberi Lechka bukatan garter zuwa trellis
A kwatancin ya bayyana a maimakon haka babban haƙuri haƙuri daga iri-iri, amma, kamar yadda yi nuna, kasa isasshen ruwa barnatar da tasiri mai yawa da ingancin amfanin gona. Tsarin tsari ya hada da ruwa 5-7 a kowace shekara a cikin wadannan matakan:
- Sau 1-2 kafin fure;
- tsawon farkon samuwar da tsirar amfanin gona - sau 2-3;
- bayan fruiting - sau 2 (a cikin damina da damina suna fuskantar yanayi).
Watering wajibi ne don ƙasa ta jiƙa zurfin asalin tsiron (20-40 cm), don wannan 1 m2 buƙatar ciyar da lita 30-40 na ruwa. A cikin lokacin bazara da kan ƙasa mai nauyi, an tsara tsarin ban ruwa don hana overmoistening. Theasa ta shayar da ita mulched.
Don haɓaka yawan aiki da ire-ire na samfuran raspberries Lyachka dole ne a shayar a kai a kai
Alsowallan kuma yana buƙatar samar da ingantaccen adadin takin, kamar yadda tsire-tsire, suke da yawan aiki, suna cinye abubuwan gina jiki da ƙoshin ƙasa. Musamman raspberries suna buƙatar nitrogen, wanda aka samo cikin isasshen yawa a cikin dattin saniya da ƙazamar kaza. Fertilizing da ruwa dil dil infusions na taki saniya (1:10 rabo) da tsuntsaye droppings (1:20 bred) su ne mafi inganci ga raspberries. Sanya irin waɗannan mafita a farashin 3-5 a kowace 1 m2. Kuna iya maye gurbin kwayoyin tare da taki mai hadaddun Kemir (3 tablespoons a lita 10 na ruwa) ko maganin urea (30 g / 10 l), ana amfani da 1 lita a ƙarƙashin wani daji.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ana amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen ne kawai a farkon rabin bazara, saboda suna taɓar da haɓakar taro na kore, wanda ke hana haɓakar katako kuma mummunan mummunan tasirin hunturu.
Ana aiwatar da suturar farko ta farko a cikin bazara bayan budding. Sannan suna ciyar da shi sau biyu tare da tazara tsakanin makonni 2-3. A lokacin lokacin 'ya'yan itace, ana kara sinadarin phosphorus da potassium. A cikin kaka, ana ƙara gishiri a cikin adadin 40 g a 1 m2, wanda za'a iya maye gurbinsa da 0.5 l na itace ash.
Bidiyo: Kunya rasberi tare da tsintsiyar kaza
Cutar da kwari
Kwallan yana da tsayayye ga cututtuka (a matakin maki 8), don haka matakan rigakafin yawanci sun isa sosai har tsirrai basu da lafiya. Dankin yana da tsayayya wa rotse berries a matakin kwayoyin. Theaƙƙarfan kakin zuma a kan harbe ya ɗanɗana tsirrai daga cututtukan fungal kamar didimella da anthracnose.
Don hana cututtuka, ana ɗaukar matakan kariya:
- an zabi kayan dasa a hankali kuma an ƙi shuka ƙwayoyin cuta;
- plantings ana thinned fita a cikin dace hanya;
- kar a bada izinin danshi.
- idan wata cuta ba za a iya magance ta ba, tsaftace yankin sosai daga tarkacen tsire;
- ana bi da su da sinadarai daidai da jadawalin: a farkon bazara, kafin fure da bayan girbi.
Reshen Ruwa zuwa kwari da Lyachki ya kimanta a matakin maki 7-8. Mafi yawan kwari da suka fi dacewa na raspberries sune rasberi-strawberry weevil, Rasberi irin ƙwaro, rasberi tashi da harba.
Tebur: kwari mai yiwuwa na raspberries da cutar da suke haifar
| Sunan kwaro | Cutarwa ya yi |
|---|---|
| Rasberi da strawberry weevil | Mace mai saɓin za ta yi huda a gefen toho, tana kwan ƙwai a ciki ta fasa ƙwanyawar. |
| Rasberi irin ƙwaro | Irin ƙwaro gnaw matasa ganye, buds, fure. A cikin shekarun yawan bazara, kwari suna lalata kusan 30% na rasberi rasberi da furanni. |
| Rasberi tashi | Individuals matasa matasa shiga cikin tsakiyar mai tushe da kuma sanya karkace da zobe-kamar sassa. The apical sassa na lalace mai tushe hankali Fade, baƙi kuma mutu a kan lokaci. |
| Gudun tsira | Larvae na shoot gall Midge shiga cikin tushe da kuma samar da outgrowths (galls). Harbi ya rushe kuma a sauƙaƙe ya bar wurin lalacewa. |
Hoton Hoto: Mafi Karancin Rasberi
- Rasberi-strawberry weevil diyya da buds
- Irin ƙwaro Rasberi na iya rusa kusan 30% na rasberi rasberi da furanni
- Rasberi tashiwa matasa mai tushe - sun bushe da bushe
- Larvae na shoot gall Midge halakar da mai tushe daga ciki, forming growths
Yawancin lokaci, don hana kai harin game da kwari, ya isa don amfani da matakan rigakafin agrotechlete masu zuwa a yanayin da ya dace:
- Loosening kasar gona a cikin layuka a kaka ko bazara tare da mulching a lokacin farin ciki Layer.
- Digging aisles (a lokacin ɗalibi da larvae barin don hunturu) zuwa zurfin 20 cm.
- Yanke lokaci da kuma kona tsohuwar harbe, sabuwa rasberi.
- Binciken akai-akai na tsire-tsire.
- Tarin buds lalacewa ta hanyar rasberi-strawberry weevil.
- Gudanar da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali tare da fungicides bisa ga umarnin magungunan.
Nasiha
Fushin sanyi a wannan shekara ya nuna ƙarancin daraja. Wataƙila saboda narkewar a cikin Fabrairu (wani farkon fruiting iri-iri kuma a zazzabi na 15 digiri Celsius na tsawon kwanaki 3 na fara girma sannan kuma a rage sanyi 20). Buƙatar kariyar kariya daga cututtukan fungal. Amma yana da daraja. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, bishiyar ya fi 4 cm kuma ya zama murabba'i a zahiri. Masu siya suna cikin rawar jiki.
Lambun Old Man//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4033
Daban-daban da gaske girma fiye da 2 mita. Don nau'ikan iri iri kuna buƙatar asalin aikin noma. Tare da haɓaka aikin gona na gaba, Berry zai yi girma da gaske. Berry ɗinmu ya yi girma a ranar 25 ga Yuni. A cikin hunturu, fi na froze dan kadan a zazzabi na-35. Ba'a rufe Raspberries kuma akwai kyakkyawan girbi. Berry yana da matukar kyau kuma duk mun so shi.
** Oksana **//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4033&page=3
Mun fara tattara Lachki. Ku ɗanɗani mai kyau, babu acid, mai ɗaukar ruwa, berry babba. Wintered da kyau, kusan bai lura da dawo frosts.
NARINAIThea berriesan itacen ofan itacen Rasberi Lechka suna da girma da kuma ɗaukar kaya.
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4033&page=8
Dole ne a shayar da kwaro, saboda bayan girbin shi ma wajibi ne don yayi sabon tsiro. Ba ni da lokaci a ƙarshen Yuli zuwa ruwa tsawon makonni 3, don haka kusan na lalata duk abin da na samu ... Lyashka na buƙatar haɓaka aikin gona. An bincika.
evd//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4033&page=9
Daga gaskiyar cewa Lyashka "na wahala" da ni, da sauran nau'ikan bazara na inganta a cikin daidaitattun yanayi (tsabtataccen ruwa da rashin takin), Na kuma kammala cewa ya kamata a zaɓi Lachka kawai ga waɗanda suka ba ta babban fasaha na aikin gona. Kuma wannan dole ne ya zama sananne ga duk wanda ya zaɓi wannan nau'in.
antonsherkkk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4033&page=10
A wannan shekara Ina da Lyachka - cikakkiyar jin cizon yatsa: kusan cikakkiyar rashin ɗanɗano, sabanin 'ya'yan itace biyu da suka gabata, lokacin da a cikin lokacin sannu sannu ya sami ƙanshi, ya zama mai daɗin gaske a ƙarshen samfurori. Da kyau, ba ta da dandano ko kayan ƙanshi yanzu. Onlyarin ƙari kawai shine babban Berry, kodayake sake - mara nauyi na Berry da ƙonewa mai kyau a rana a lokacin da muke 35 a cikin inuwa.
Nikolay223//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4033&page=11
Kuma Lyashka ya ba ni mamaki a wannan shekara. Kawai riguna 2 na ganye da ganye da ciyawar doki a ƙarƙashin tushe, kuma ba za a iya tantance raspberries ba. Kuma akwai tunani don yin ban kwana. Minaya daga cikin debewa - wasu masu siyarwa sun ji kunya daga masu girma dabam - kada ku yarda cewa Berry na iya samun girman wannan girman ba tare da sa hannun GMOs ba. Da kyau, zamu saba ....
baki Lily//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4033&page=12
Na farko berries ba ko ta yaya ba sosai son, Yanzu taro fruiting (shekara ta biyu) - sun zama mafi kyau. Lyashka mai yawa ne, babba ne, har yanzu ana kan kasuwa. Na lura cewa tana mayar da ruwa sosai don shayarwa - idan kawai kun ga dama - shi ke nan, Berry yana faduwa.
Minerva//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4033&page=5
Rasberi Lyachka ingantaccen aikin gona ne. Sai kawai tare da kulawa da ya dace ana iya samun yawan amfanin ƙasa na manyan berries tare da kyakkyawan iyawa. A iri-iri na bukatar ƙara hankali da namowa ya kamata ba za a bar yin faduwa. To, a lõkacin da a tsawo na bazara da rasberi an densely rufe da hasken wuta hasken cikakke manyan berries, ya zama bayyananne - sakamakon ya cancanci aikin.
