Scarlet, an rufe shi da raɓa, ana iya samun strawberries a cikin kowane shinge na lambu. Ba abin mamaki bane, saboda wannan bishiyar ba kawai kyakkyawa bace, amma kuma tana da kyau da lafiya. Jukere sabo ne irin 'ya'yan itace strawberry, kamar dai narke a bakin. Don hunturu, jam, jelly, da pastille an sanya su daga gare ta. Berries suna da wadataccen abinci a cikin bitamin A, D, K da E, rukuni na bitamin B. Microelements da ke cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa sun taimaka wajen adana fatar fata, inganta hangen nesa da ƙara ƙaruwa. Amma don haɓaka lafiyar ku da ƙaunatattun masu son tare da kayan zaki, yana da daraja aiki a gonar. Koyaya, tare da namo strawberries na Victoria ba matsala ana tsammanin matsala ta musamman.
Tarihi Daban-daban Victoria
Asalin wannan nau'in nau'ikan har yanzu asiri ne. Akwai iri biyu na haihuwar strawberries. A cewar daya daga cikinsu, bishiyar ta sami sunan ta ne saboda Sarauniyar Victoria ta Ingila, a yayin mulkin da aka shimfida wani lambu mai dauke da itace. Dangane da wani fasalin, iri-iri an lanƙwasa a Holland, daga inda Peter Mai Girma ya kawo shi. Sarki ya ƙaunaci ɗan itacen kamar yadda yake yaro, kuma sarki ya kawo wani sabon labari na Dutch daga balaguro zuwa Turai.
Iri-iri bai taɓa shiga cikin rajista ba, tunda wannan suna, bayan shekaru, ya kasance cikin tabbaci a cikin yawancin nau'ikan strawberries da lambun lambu. Koyaya, asirin da ke hade da wannan tsiron bai ragu ba a cikin lokacinmu na lantarki. Bayanai a cikin yanar gizo sararin samaniya kuma ana iya samun cikakkiyar sabanin ra'ayi: wani yayi magana game da Victoria a matsayin wani nau'in berry mai inganci, wani ya kira duk nau'in strawberries strawberries ta wannan hanyar. Abu ne mai wahala sosai a sami ingantaccen bayani akan masalaha, kamar yadda ake lambu, mataimakan tallan tallace-tallace zuwa shagunan lambun har ma da wasu masanan ilimin halitta suka haifar da rikice-rikice a cikin maganganun, suna nuna halaye daban-daban, kwatancen da shawarwari don haɓaka.
Dangane da fasalin daya, an sanya sunan 'ya'yan itace a cikin girmamawa ga Sarauniyar Victoria
Bayanin Strawberry Victoria
Asalin Victoria an girka ta ne ta hanyar tsallake lambun da dabbobin daji. An kawo shi Rasha a karni na 18. Tun daga tsakiyar karni na 19, ya sami karɓar shahararrun mutane ba kawai tsakanin wakilan masaniyar almara ba, har ma a tsakanin sauran sassan jama'a. Tun daga wannan lokacin, lambu da kuma lambu ko'ina suna girma manyan lambun lambu-fruited lambu iri daban-daban, suna suna bayan Victoria, sau ɗaya bred. Ganin duk abubuwan gaskiya, yana da daraja la'akari da halaye da tukwici don haɓaka strawberries mai girma. A halin yanzu, nau'in Victoria a cikin ainihin takamaiman za'a iya samun ta a cikin tarin wasu masu shayarwa.
Victoria haƙiƙa itace lambun strawberry. Wannan inji shuka ne. 'Ya'yan itaciya suna bayyana ma'anar bishiyoyi a matsayin dioecious.
Strawberry sosai thermophilic, ya fi son wuraren rana. Sabili da haka, a cikin arewacin yankuna na Rasha an girma a cikin greenhouse ko yanayin gida. Sauran al'adun gargajiya basu da ma'ana. 'Ya'yan itacen marmari su ba' ya'yan itace sama da sau ɗaya a shekara. Ba remontant. Bushes na Strawberry masu tsayi, ganye ne na roba, mai iko, kore kore. Launin berries yana da ja. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na da babban sukari mai yawa (9.2%). Manyan aanyen bishiyoyi masu danshi suna yaba masu girma.
Iri iri-iri masu amfani da itace suna tsayayya wa cututtuka da yawa, amma galibi ana fuskantar farin tabo. Daga cikin kwari, alamar strawberry kawai tana da haɗari a gare su.
Halin manyan strawberries
Yawancin nau'ikan suna daɗawa da wuri. A cikin lokacin rani mai dusar ƙanƙara, suna yin haƙuri da sanyi sosai, amma suna iya daskarewa da zazzabi na -8, idan dusar ƙanƙara bai faɗi ba. Lambun lambun lambu ba sa yin haƙuri da fari. Tana buƙatar aikin shayarwa na yau da kullun. Canje-canje na yanayin kwatsam ba mummunan ba. Calledasashen da ake kira Victoria ba zano. Strawberries fi son haske yashi loamy kasa. A cikin yumbu, loamy ko ƙasa mai danshi ba yayi girma. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin irin wannan ƙasa, tushen tsarin tsirran ya fara wahala. Ba shi da daraja gina manyan gadaje don strawberries. Ganuwar gadaje na daskare karfi a cikin hunturu, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar tsirrai.
Berriesan itacen berries na lambun lambu mai girma-ɗan itace suna daɗaɗawa sosai, wanda ke sa ya yiwu a kwashe 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. A launi na berries ne m ja, duk da haka, jiki ne m. Abubuwan suna ƙanana. Matsakaicin yawan 'ya'yan itacen shine 8-14 g .. Waɗannan nau'ikan ana bambanta su ta hanyar yawan aiki mai girma. A lokacin kakar, zaka iya tattarawa har zuwa 1 kilogiram na berries daga daji.
'Ya'yan itãcen lambu strawberries suna m kuma manyan. Yawan nauyin Berry guda ɗaya zai iya kaiwa 14 g
Siffofin namo da kulawa
Don samun kyakkyawan girbi daga strawberries daji, kuna buƙatar sanin kanku tare da wasu nasihu game da dasa, girma da kulawa.
Bishiyar dasa shuki
'Ya'yan itace masu fitila sun fi son ƙasa mai yashi mai loamy. A acidity matakin kada wuce 5.6 ph. Matsayi don saukowa kuna buƙatar zaɓar rana da kwantar da hankula. Ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin bazara, bayan sanyi. 'Ya'yan itace suna yaduwa ta hanyoyi uku: ta tsaba, gashin baki da rarrabe bushes. Kuna iya shuka tsire-tsire da kanka ko sayan seedlings na manyan 'ya'yan itace a cikin cibiyoyin al'adun gargajiya ko a kasuwa. Sayen kamannin da aka gama ya sauƙaƙa da dasawa da tsire-tsire cikin ƙasa. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba sa yin rashin lafiya bayan dasa, tunda tushen tsarin yana rufe gaba ɗaya. Yadda za a dasa shuki strawberry seedlings a cikin gidan bazara domin shuka da sauri ya ɗauki tushe kuma yana girma da kyau?
- An sanya tukwane da shuki a cikin akwati da ruwa domin ƙasa ta cika da danshi.
Za'a iya saka Strawberries a cikin kwanon rufi da ruwa
- A cikin ruwa, zaku iya ƙara mai saurin haɓaka, alal misali, "HB - 101" a cikin adadin ganguna 2 a kowace lita 1. Kuna iya siyan sa a kowane kantin sayar da kayan lambu.
"HB 101" yana nufin takin zamani
- Ramin rami yakamata ya kasance a nesa na 30 cm daga juna. Cakuda biohumus (2 tbsp.), Compost (1 tbsp.), Ash (0.5 tbsp.) Kuma samfurin kayan halitta, alal misali, "Shine - 2" (1 tsp.) An zuba cikin rijiyoyin. Samfurin kwayoyin halitta zai taimaka wajen haɓaka haɓakar ƙasa.
Nisa tsakanin ramuka yakamata ya zama 30 cm
- Idan tushen strawberries a cikin tukunya an haɗa su cikin ƙwallo, dole ne a cire su a hankali.
- Ana saukar da 'yan itacen a cikin ramuka. Da ƙarfi zurfafa "zuciya" ba shi daraja. Ya kamata ya kasance a matakin ƙasa.
“Zuciya” ba ta yin zurfi yayin sauka, ya kamata ya kasance a matakin ƙasa
- Gashin baki, karin ganye da farfaji an yanke. Ya kamata shuka ya kasance bai wuce ganye uku ba.
Lokacin dasa shuki, an cire mustaches da wuce haddi ganye
- A ƙasa kusa da tsire-tsire ne compacted, bayan da a matsakaici watering na bushes ne da za'ayi.
- A saman ƙasa, zaku iya zuba ɗan ash ko samfurin ƙirar halitta.
- A ƙasa ne mulched a kowace hanya yiwu: bambaro, mowed ciyawa, hay, sawdust, da dai sauransu.
Bayan an dasa shuki a fili, ana buƙatar ƙasa ta ƙwanƙwasawa don rage yawan ciyayi a nan gaba.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki strawberries seedlings a cikin ƙasa buɗe
Watering manyan-fruited daji strawberries
Daga farkon bazara, tsire-tsire suna samun sabon ƙarfi kuma suna shirye don fruiting. Manyan strawberriesa strawberriesan strawberriesa fruan itace ba su da kyau. Tana buƙatar yawan shayarwa a kowace kwanaki 6-7. A lokutan bushewa, ana shayar da shi sau biyu a mako. Ya kamata ruwa ya yi ɗumi. Don strawberries, an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa na ruwa, don haka tsire-tsire za su sami adadin adadin danshi. Amma yawancin lambu suna amfani da hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mai araha:
- An yi rami a ganga tare da babban girma.
- An ɗauki tiyo na yau da kullun da adaftar, wanda ya dace da diamita zuwa rami a ganga. An gyara shi.
- Kamfanonin yakamata ya yi daidai da shinge da bangon don hana fitowar ruwa.
- An sanya mai yafa akan sa don shayar da lawn. Ana iya siyan sa a cibiyoyin aikin lambu, a kasuwa ko a cikin shagunan kan layi. Kudin mai siyarwa ya bambanta daga 350 zuwa 1300 rubles.
- An saka tiyo a wani ɓangaren gonar wanda ke buƙatar shayar da shi.
Irin wannan na'urar tana ba da ban ruwa na ruwa a cikin lambun, a cikin lambu ko a kan ciyawa
Bidiyo: yadda ake shayar da strawberries da strawberries
Shuka abincin
Yayinda strawberries ke girma, ƙasa a hankali ta yanke. Domin tsire-tsire don karɓar abubuwa masu amfani masu mahimmanci don ci gaba da cike fruiting, suna buƙatar ciyar da su. Ciyar da manyan 'ya'yan itace-strawberriesa strawberriesan itace ana yin su sau uku a kakar:
- Lokacin da ganyen farko biyu suka bayyana, ana buƙatar ciyar da strawberries na lambu. Don wannan, ana amfani da takin gargajiya: maganin kore ko mullein. Tasa da aka diluted da ruwa a cikin wani rabo daga 1:10. Ana amfani da takin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin daji.
- Yayin lokacin furanni, ana amfani da takin mai ma'adinai. Don ciyarwa, zaku iya sa bayani mai zuwa: nitrophosphate (2 tbsp. L.), Potassium (1 tbsp. L.) Kuma ruwan dumi (10 l.).
- A lokacin fruiting, ana ciyar da strawberries sau ɗaya a mako tare da kore bayani na weeds.
Ofayan mafi kyawun takin zamani shine mai yisti. Ana sayar dasu cikin buhunan abinci a shagunan sayar da kayayyakin abinci. Dry analog don ciyarwa bai dace ba. Yisti dole ne ya haɗiye daga farkon bazara, saboda wannan samfuran yanayi ne - ba a sayar dashi a lokacin rani. Yisti (1 tbsp. L.) An ƙara 0.5 l na ruwan dumi. Nace rabin sa'a. Sannan a gauraya su da ruwan dumi (lita 10). A karkashin kowace bishiyar bishiyoyi, zuba ba fiye da 200 ml na yisti bayani ba.
Yadda za a kula da strawberries strawberries
Manyan lambu na lambu-fruited lambu suna buƙatar kulawa akai. Ba za a iya iyakance kawai ciyar da ciyarwa ba:
- Bayan an yi ruwa, dole ne a kwance ƙasa don samar da tsire-tsire tare da adadin oxygen. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa tushen wannan al'adar tana cikin babba yadudduka na ƙasa, don haka ana aiwatar da loosening tare da taka tsantsan.
- A duk tsawon lokacin kakar, ana datse tsoffin ganye da mustach daga bishiyoyin daji. Trimming gashin-baki ne da za'ayi, da farko, wanda ya sa shuka 'ya'yan itace mafi kyau. Abu na biyu, saboda strawberries, kamar strawberries, kada ku yi jingina zuwa gonar. Bayan duk wannan, akwai safa a kan gashin-baki, waɗanda ke ɗaukar tushen kyawawa da sauri a cikin sabon wuri.
- Marasa lafiya da tsoffin tsire-tsire ana cire su daga gadaje kowace shekara. Ba za su ƙara yin 'ya'ya ba, don haka kada ku ji tsoron wannan hanya.
Yin rigakafin Cuta da Jiyya
Ba kamar strawberries, manyan lambun lambu masu amfani da itace ba sa samun saurin kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa, gami da cututtukan fungal. Koyaya, farin tabo na haifar da babbar barazana gareshi. Kwayar cuta ta kwayar cutar ta shafi tsire-tsire a cikin bazara, a lokacin lokacin ciyayi. Bayyanar launuka masu launin shuɗi a kan ganye yana nuna farkon cutar. Daga nan sai turawan suka zama haske. Daga baya, ƙananan ramuka suna bayyana a wurin su. Kwayar cutar ba ta shafi ganyayyaki ba kawai, har ma da gashin-baki da kuma farfajiyoyi. Don kawar da farin spotting, ana fesa tsire-tsire tare da maganin ruwan Bordeaux (1%).
Haske fari yana bayyana saboda wuce haddi mai laima. Don hana faruwarsa, ya wajaba don sarrafa mita na ruwa kuma ku bi tsarin dasa shuki na strawberries.
A matsayin prophylaxis na cututtuka, ana bada shawara ga feshi tare da mafita mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe, alal misali, sulfate jan karfe (3%). Ana aiwatar da tsire-tsire kafin fure.
Abun farin fari da farko yana shafar ganye
Karin kwari
Kusan babu kwari da suke son ci akan waɗannan tsirrai. Wani banda shine alamar strawberry. Bayyanar wannan kwaro a gonar yana da sauki a lura:
- Rosettes na shuka ya bushe da launin rawaya;
- ganye zama wrinkled;
- an rufe saman farfajiyar daga ganyen.
- ganye fara juya launin rawaya;
- furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa basu inganta, bushewa.
Signaya daga cikin alamar bayyanar alama yana yankwarin ganye.
Ticks suna dacewa da sauri ga sababbin kwaro, don haka bai kamata a yi amfani da kwari na yau da kullun ba. Zai fi kyau mu magance mitar ciyawar itace tare da wakilai na ƙwayoyin-acaricidal kamar Lambuna mai tsabta, Omayt, Fitoverm, Zolon da sauransu. Yin amfani da waɗannan magunguna, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa masu guba ne kuma suna haifar da haɗari ga mutane da dabbobi. Ana shirya kayan aikin don amfani kai tsaye kafin sarrafa tsire-tsire. An narke su da ruwan dumi bisa ga umarnin kan kunshin. Babu shakka dukkanin tsire-tsire da ke cikin lambun an fesa su da mafita. Kwanaki 3-4 bayan magani, ana sanya tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin fim. A cikin tasirin kore an kafa shi, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga lalata rayuwar kwari.
Bidiyo: Taɓarɓar ƙwayar mary Strawberry
Ana shirya strawberries don hunturu
Lambunan lambu na lambu ana ɗaukar sanyi. Ba ya daskarewa a -20-25 digiri. Amma an bayar da wannan cewa hunturu yana dusar ƙanƙara. Idan babu dusar ƙanƙara, strawberries na iya daskare riga a zazzabi--digiri. A cewar masana ilimin botanists, strawberries wani abu ne mai daure kai. Kuma hunturu, ba kamar strawberries, ya kamata ya kasance tare da ganye. A saboda wannan, ba a aiwatar da aski a cikin fall. Shiri don lokacin hunturu kamar haka:
- Tuni a watan Agusta, tsire-tsire sun daina ciyarwa.
- An cire ciyawar Strawberries.
- An haɗu da Aisles don samar da isashshen oxygen zuwa tushen.
- Manyan strawberriesa strawberriesan itace na itace da aka girbe suna rufe da humus, bambaro, rassan spruce na hunturu.
'Yan lambu suna ba da shawara don amfani da kwayoyin halitta don tsari. Yin amfani da kayan murfin roba na iya haifar da jujjuyawa.
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
Wannan shi ne iri-iri na strawberry, amma berries suna da girma, zagaye da kamshi. Muna tsarkaka kwatsam cikin sayayya a wasu kantin sayar da tsaba 4 don 100 rubles. Kuma duk sun hau, sa’an nan suka yi girma. Sakamakon haka, ya yi dusar ƙanƙara a cikin ƙasar wannan faɗuwar, sai na ɗauki gilashin manyan strawberries kuma na kawo gida. Zan yada irin wannan nau'in a kasar. Na ɗauki berries na tsaba. Fata wannan ba matasan bane kuma zai tashi. Ko gashin-baki, suna girma.
Deodate//dom.ngs.ru/forum/board/dacha/flat/1878986999/?fpart=1&per-page=50
Victoria ya rigaya ya girma berries. Kuma Victoria ma sauki ce. Kuma Victoria a cikin wuraren da aka watsar ya juya ya zama Victoria na daji kuma ya girma kuma ya ba da 'ya'ya da kyau (ko da yake berries sun zama ƙanana) ba tare da wani kulawa ba, kamar ciyawa.
sake sakewa//dom.ngs.ru/forum/board/dacha/flat/1878986999/?fpart=1&per-page=50
Gaskiyar ita ce ɗayan manyan nau'ikan manyan lambun strawberry an kira shi da yawa. Sunanta cikin girmamawa ga Sarauniyar Ingila Victoria. Amma ba da daɗewa ba iri-iri "Victoria" fara ƙasa. Gaskiyar ita ce amfanin gona ya fara wahala daga mildew powdery da launin toka, wanda muke yaduwa sosai. Sabili da haka, sababbin nau'ikan furanni waɗanda ke da yawansu ya fi girma kuma mai ɗaukan ganyayyaki ya bayyana, kamar Carmen, Ubangiji, Zenga-Zengana, da sauransu ...
Snezhana_52//www.nn.ru/community/dom/dacha/pochemu_viktoriyu_nazyvayut_klubnikoy.html
Gaskiyar ita ce, a cikin garin Nizhny Novgorod, an kira strawberries mai girma a cikin lambu shekaru 100. Yi ƙoƙari ku shiga cikin kasuwar bazara inda ake sayar da wannan Berry. Kuma za ku ji suna ɗaya kawai - Victoria. Kuma suna tambaya: “Mecece Victoria,” kuma idan kun tambaya: “Mene ne babbar 'yar itace ta itace?”, Za su amsa maku: "Muna da Victoria." Tabbas, wataƙila suna kira shi hanyar da aka sanya ta a cikin mutane. Idan ta ce "Victoria" - kowa ya fahimci wane irin Berry
Albin//www.nn.ru/community/dom/dacha/pochemu_viktoriyu_nazyvayut_klubnikoy.html
Sabbin nau'ikan tsire-tsire na 'ya'yan itace na zamani (Victoria, kamar yadda ake kiran su da sunan farkon kakanninsu) sun riga sun fi girma kuma suna da kyau. Kuma iri-iri da kanta ba ta daɗe. 'Ya'yan itacen furanni ba su canza da yawa ba, suka rage kadan, tare da ɗanɗanon launuka na fure. Daga Victoria, ana kuma rarrabe ta da farin ɓangaren litattafan almara da farin, ba a ɓoye, tip na Berry
Lemuri @//www.nn.ru/community/dom/dacha/pochemu_viktoriyu_nazyvayut_klubnikoy.html
"Victoria" a fassarar daga Latin yana nufin "nasara". Da kyau, a wani lokaci wannan irin itace strawberry tare da mutuntawa a cikin fagen, kamar yadda ya cancanci mai nasara. Amma yanzu Victoria ta kusan rasa don lambu. Ariananan da suka girma a ƙarƙashin wannan suna suna da abu ɗaya kaɗai tare da Victoria: sune manyan lambun lambu na itace-itace.
