Ƙididdigar shuka albarkatun ganyayyaki a cikin ƙasa

Na dogon lokaci, tafarnuwa ya ci gaba da kasancewa sashi mai mahimmanci a cikin shirye-shirye na yawancin jita-jita kuma yana shahara a Rasha.

Akwai ƙarin bukatar tafarnuwa. Wannan yana haifar da samun karuwar kasuwancin tafarnuwa. Amma saboda wannan dole ne ka fahimci dukkanin hanyoyi da nuances na ci gaban wannan shuka.

Ƙarin bayani game da dasa shuki a cikin bazara da kuma bambance-bambance na hanya a cikin fall, yadda za a shirya kayan, da kuma matsaloli masu wuya da kuma matsaloli a cikin wannan labarin.

Zan iya shuka a cikin bazara?

Za'a iya raba nau'in kayan kaji iri biyu: hunturu da kuma bazara. Winter ne mafi yawancin irin tafarnuwa, suna dasa a cikin fall. Spring spring spring iri. A hankali, wadannan nau'o'in za a iya bambanta ta gaban wani tsaka-tsakin tsaka a tsaka-tsire a cikin tsire-tsire iri iri da rashi a cikin bazara. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa nau'o'in hunturu suna da alamar haushi, kuma ɓangare na kibiya ya kasance a kansa.

Maganar marmari ba sa harbawa, kuma kwararan fitila sun ƙunshi cloves. A cikin tafarnuwa na tafarnuwa, cloves sun fi ƙanƙanci fiye da na hunturu, an shirya su ba da daɗewa ba. Tsarin tafarnuwa ba shi da tsayayya ga sanyi, saboda haka yana da kyau a yi girma a yankunan kudancin Rasha:

• Rostov yankin;
• Yankin Krasnodar;
• North Caucasus.

Spring irin tafarnuwa ne zai fi dacewa dasa a spring, saboda tsananin sanyi.

Yanayi da bambance-bambance na hanya a cikin kaka

Yawancin lambu suna rarraba tafarnuwa ta hanyar dasa shuki. Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne, tun da kowane iri-iri za'a iya shuka a spring da kaka. Amma waɗannan kungiyoyin varietal suna da nau'o'in halittu daban-daban. Ana ci gaba da wannan, tafarnuwar tafarnuwa ya fi dacewa a shuka a spring (shin tsire-tsire ta tsire-tsire ne aka shuka a spring?).

Yin shuka a cikin kaka yana ba ka damar ba da lokaci don dasa wasu albarkatu. Maganar rani ba su da irin wannan yanayin rayuwa da kwanciyar hankali lokacin da suke dasawa a cikin fall. Abinda suke amfani da shi shine rayuwa mafi tsawo. Ya kamata a lura cewa dasa shuki a cikin hunturu a cikin rassan shi ne wani ɓangare saboda rayuwar ɗan gajeren rai. Amma girbi irin wannan tafarnuwa ya fi girma.

Taimako! Rarraba ta saukowa lokaci ne kawai fasalin yanayin. Dukkanin iri zasu iya dasa su a spring da kaka. Amma idan ba a haɗuwar lokacin shuka ba, ƙwayar za ta iya fada, kuma ingancin kwararan fitila na iya fada.

Spring tafarnuwa ya fi son haske, da kuma hunturu - yashi loam. Ana shuka shuki ne kawai a cikin hakora, saboda ba su da kibiyoyi, inda tarin iska ke girma. Bayani akan lokacin da za a dasa spring tafarnuwa a cikin bazara kuma me yasa dashi ya zama mahimmanci, karanta wannan labarin.

Yaushe ya fi dacewa don yin aikin?

Ya kamata a dasa nau'o'in marmari a spring. Lokacin mafi kyau shine ƙarshen Maris - farkon watan Afrilu. An yi bangowa bayan an rufe murfin ruwan sama a ƙasa kuma yawan zazzabi yana tsaya a matakin ba kasa da digiri +5.

Babban yanayin shine saturation na ƙasa tare da ruwa, tare da rashin danshi, tafarnuwa zai yi girma, amma yawan amfanin ƙasa zai zama ƙasa. Don dasa iri iri, barazana ce yanayin zafi, sabili da haka, saukowa ya kamata a fara shi da wuri.

Zan iya sa a cikin ƙasa a bude?

Zai yiwu saukowa Zubkov nan da nan a cikin ƙasa. Amma don kara yawan yawan germination da kuma samar da shi wajibi ne don gudanar da wani hadaddun na shirye-shiryen preplant, wanda ya shafi ajiye kayan dasa a yanayin sanyi da preplanting da kwararan fitila.

Jagoran mataki a kan shiri na kayan aiki

Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, ana haifar da albarkatun hunturu na hunturu ta hanyar dasa shuki cloves. Don samun girbi mai arziki, dole ne ku bi ka'idodin agrotechnology.

Shirin kayan aikin kayan lambu

A lokacin dasa, kayan aikin lambu dole ne su kasance masu shirye su yi amfani da su. Zai zama abin da zai dace don kayan aikin kayan lambu da kayan kwalliya. Wannan zai rage lalacewa ga kwararan fitila ta hanyar kwari da cututtuka. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da magani tare da bayani na formalin (250 cm3 na miyagun ƙwayoyi ta lita 10 na ruwa) ko jiko na biki (400 g da lita 10 na ruwa).

Don saukowa zai buƙata:

• shebur;
• chopper;
• Rake.

A cikin manyan gonaki, gonaki da harrows ana amfani da su don amfanin gona, kuma ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu shuka don shuka.

Ƙasa

Tabbatar shirya ƙasa kafin dasa. Don yin wannan, ana amfani da shi ta amfani da:

1. Organic (humus);
2. ma'adinai da takin mai magani:
   • phosphoric;
   • kaya;
   • nitrogenous;
   • microfertilizers.

Lokacin da ake girma a kan sikelin masana'antu, ana yin amfani da lalata da kuma razana. Lokacin da girma a bayan gida, kasar gona ta buƙaci a gina shi cikin makonni 1-2 kafin a dasa shuki, kuma yana bukatar a bi da ita tare da rake, don cire manyan ƙurar ƙasa. Wajibi ya kamata a shimfida wurare masu shimfiɗa wuri.

Dole a yi yadu da ƙasa, ƙara yashi zuwa kasar gona yana da kyakkyawan tasiri, wanda ya inganta tafarkinta. Tafarnuwa ba ya girma sosai a ƙasa tare da babban nauyin acidity. An dauki matakin mafi kyau na acidity a matsayin pH 6.5 zuwa 7.9.

Hutu

Wajibi ne a dauki aikin shiri sosai, tun da nasarar ci gaban amfanin gona da kuma girma na girbi na gaba zai dogara ne akan su. Wajibi ne don gane da dama da tafarnuwa da kuma na zuwa ga maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. An sanya:

• dubawa;
• gyaran fitila da zaɓi;
• rudarsu;
• da soaking.

Dole ne a duba dukkanin nau'in, don gano dukan kwararan fitila da ke dauke da cututtukan kuma raba su daga babban taro. Kada ku rarraba hakora daga shugabannin. Wannan yana da kyawawa don yin rana kafin yayatawa da disinfection.

1. Wata daya kafin ranar dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a tura kwararan fitila zuwa firiji ko wani ɗaki mai sanyi (cellar), don ɓarna. Yanayin zazzabi ya kamata a + 3 digiri.

   Don dasa kayan abu ya fi dacewa don amfani da hakoran waje daga jere na farko. Ba'a amfani da ɓangaren ciki saboda ƙananan kwararan fitila sun girma daga gare ta.

2. Game da rana daya kafin dasa, kana buƙatar samun tafarnuwa, ba da dumi a dakin da zazzabi.
3. Sa'an nan kuma akwai buƙatar ka rarrabe kwararan fitila a cikin cloves, gudanar da zabin marasa lafiya.
4. A ranar dasa shuki, kafin hanyar da ake wajibi don kula da kwararan fitila, zaka iya yin bayani a cikin wani bayani na furotin ko a cikin wani bayani na manganese na rabin sa'a. Wannan zai rage haɗarin shigar da cututtukan fungal a cikin yankin da aka shuka. Zaka kuma iya amfani da bayani na ash.
5. Don inganta germination na shafi aiki ta yin amfani da girma accelerators. Akwai hanyoyi masu tasowa masu girma, saboda haka kana buƙatar aiki daidai da umarnin don amfani.

Don kare kullun waya, yi amfani da maganin warwarewa a cikin gishiri (1 teaspoon da lita 1 na ruwa) na minti daya.

Tsarin kanta kanta - yadda za a shuka?

Tsarin dasa tafarnuwa ba wuya amma yarda da ka'idodin ka'idoji dole ne!

Bayan wane al'adu?

Ba abu mai kyau ba ne don shuka tafarnuwa a kan tudu, inda suka yi girma da albasarta, dankali da tumatir. Wadanda suka riga sun bukaci su ne kabeji, legumes, zucchini da cucumbers.

Ƙari game da dacewa da tafarnuwa da kayan lambu daban-daban, da kuma bayan abin da aka shuka da ita, mun faɗa a cikin wani abu dabam.

A wace zurfin da za a sanya spring da yanayin hunturu?

A lokacin da dasa shuki spring iri amfani da m zurfin dasa fiye da hunturu iri. Girman zurfin ƙasa na saukowa 5 cm ne. Rashin shiga cikin kwararan fitila mai tsanani, yana jinkirta saukar da tsirrai.

Tsarin

Dasa da tafarnuwa ne da za'ayi a madaidaiciya layuka, yanayin da ake ciki shine 20-25 centimeters. Nisa a jere tsakanin kwararan fitila zai dogara ne akan girman su. Yawancin lokaci an dasa shuki a nesa da 10 cm daga juna a jere. Dole ne a yi gyare-gyare a tsaye a tsaye.

Kula

Kula da shuka amfanin gona shi ne lokacin da aka kawar da weeds, da kuma girkewa. Don girbi mai kyau, muhimmiyar rawa tana taka rawa ta hanyar watering.

Yana da kyawawa a farkon ci gaban zamani na seedlings don yin biyu kari na tafarnuwa tare da nitrogen da takin mai magani. Dogon lokaci tsakanin kari ya zama makonni 2.

Ana amfani da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium a kasar gona a yayin dasa shuki amfanin gona. Har ila yau shafi takin gargajiya:

• humus;
• slurry bayani.

An wuce haddi na kwayoyin taki zai iya sa ganye zuwa rawaya.

Daga tsakiyar watan Afrilu zuwa farkon watan Yuli, an shuka amfanin gona sau ɗaya a mako. Tare da yawan hawan hazo, an rage raguwa a wani bangare ko ma gaba daya. Don magance damuwa tsakanin layin da ke tsakanin layuka yin magudi groinage. A cikin sanyi lokacin zafi watering an gudanar da ƙasa da akai-akai - 1 lokaci a cikin 9 days. Amfanin ruwa yana amfani da ruwa daga lita 5 zuwa 10 na ruwa ta mita 1. An halatta don ƙara ƙara yawan ruwa a lokacin bushe.

Hankali! Wajibi ne don dakatar da tafarnuwa na tafarnuwa 3 makonni kafin girbin da ake bukata.

Don ci gaban ci gaba yana da muhimmanci don aiwatar da cirewar weeds daga lokaci daga ganyayen gada.

Matsaloli da matsaloli masu yiwuwa

Tsarin tafarnuwa bai jure wa yanayin zafi ba, dangane da abin da za'a sa shi a lokacin da sharaɗɗan sharaɗi suka zo. Har ila yau, matsaloli na iya tashi daga kwari da cututtuka. Duk da haka, tare da ganowa da sarrafawa na lokaci, ba su da mummunar haɗari. Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta wadanda zasu iya kare kwayoyinku.

Yawancin tafarnuwa na ruwan marmari tare da fasaha na aikin gona mai kyau zai yi farin ciki da ku da girbi mai yawa. Ganyayyaki da ƙanshi masu laushi za su sa ka yi jita-jita, musamman tun da tafarnuwa yana da kyau ga kiwon lafiya.