Tillandsia ganye ne mai keɓancewa daga dangin bromeliad. A cikin yanayin, ana iya samun shi a Amurka (daga kudancin Amurka zuwa Chile). Halittu masu yawa da bambancin suna wakilta da nau'in epiphytic da nau'in ƙasa. Fulatan cikin gida na girma da fure mai ban mamaki kamar fure mai ciki. Ba shi da iko ga barin, amma ya gigice tare da sabon abu ganye da inflorescences. Wani lokaci suna kama da gashin fuka-fukan tsuntsayen shahararre ko kan jelifam, wasu lokuta wasu halittun almara na.
Bayanin Shuka
Tillandsia wata ciyawa ce, mai saurin girma. Yawancin wakilan Halittar suna rayuwa ne a kan sandar bishiyoyin bishiyoyi da gandun daji. Wasu furanni sun saba da rayuwa akan kankara. Dukkansu suna da rhizome maras tsayi kuma maras kyau, wanda yake aiki kawai don gyara. Babban abinci mai gina jiki shine ta cikin ganyayyaki.
Tsawon tsararrakin tillandsia na 5 cm- 60. Fararren fararen filaye suna da kunkuntar, kamar wani yanayi mai kaifi A kan koren duhu mai duhu na takardar, launin ja-kasa-kasa da sikirin jiki wasu lokuta sukan bayyana. Tsawon takardar ya bambanta tsakanin 5 zuwa 35 cm, kuma faɗin nisan shine 3-12 mm. Duk murfin, ko kuma wani ɓangaren farjinta, an rufe shi da ƙananan flakes waɗanda ke sha ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki daga sama.
A watan Satumba, inflorescence-dimbin yawa dimbin yawa daga wata-dimbin yawa-cibiyar dimbin yawa a kan kafaffun sahu. Alkawarin sun lalace kuma sun ɓoye ta wurin ƙarfin murfin rasberi ko launin ruwan lemo. An shirya su a nau'i-nau'i a ɓangarorin biyu na tushe. Furanni suna fure 1 ko 2 a lokaci guda. Kayan fure-mai launin shuɗi-shudi mai kama da kwari masu kama da kwari, suna hutawa don hutawa akan haske mai haske. Girman daskararren bude corolla shine 20-25 mm. Gabaɗaya, har zuwa kusoshi 20 suna kan inflorescence; furancinsu yana ci gaba har zuwa Janairu.
Bayan fure, rosette ya mutu kuma tillandsia ya shiga cikin yanayi mai wahala. A cikin kakar mai zuwa, sabbin harbe suna farawa daga kafaffen buds. Hanya ɗaya tana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 5. Tun kafin cikakken mutuwar mahaifiyar shuka, ana iya samun yara a kai. An ba da shawarar su rabu cikin shekarar farawar kuma suyi girma daban-daban.
Shahararrun nau'ikan tillandsia
Harshen Tillandsia na kwayoyin halitta ya ƙunshi fiye da nau'ikan 400. An rarrabasu cikin sharaɗi gwargwado cikin tsire-tsire na yanayin ƙasa da ƙasa. Tillandsia, na yanayi ko epiphytic, yana da ƙaramin rhizome. Ganyenta an rufe shi da sikeli mai haske, saboda haka ana fentin su da launin toka ko azurfa. Mafi kyawun wakilan wannan rukunin sune:
- Tillandsia shine weeviform. Don bayyananniyar yanayin, wannan nau'in ana kiransa "gansar Spanish" ko "gemu na tsohuwar mutum." Karatun harbe mai laushi mai zurfi har zuwa 1 m a tsawon. An rufe su da kunkuntar ganye na silvery har zuwa 5 cm tsayi kuma kimanin 1 mm fadi. Crohn ya zama kashin bayan gari. A lokacin rani, da shuka blooms tare da rawaya-kore unremarkable furanni. Suna girma dashi kamar shuka na kwari.
Tillandsia ba ta canzawa ba - Tillandsia "shugaban jellyfish." Dankin yana jan hankali da irin sabon tsari. Ganyenta ya haɗu da kwararan fitila mai yawa tare da kera pimpled. Ta wannan tsarin, suna kama da jikin jellyfish ko octopus. Itatuwan ganye masu ganye suna girma daga tsakiya. Siffar hoto mai fasalin launuka iri-iri masu raunin Spikelets ana fentin su cikin sautunan launuka masu haske.
Tillandsia "jellyfish kai" - Tillandsia xerography. Furen yana da cikakkiyar ganyen ganye. Littattafai masu launin shuɗi-kore sun kai faɗin 1-2 cm kuma a ɗan murɗa gefen man tsaye. Filin ya yi girma kuma mai friable. Ya ƙunshi ruwan hoda-kore mai shuɗi wanda shuɗi da shuɗi ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
Tillandsia xerography
Dankali ko kore tillandsia suna girma a cikin hanyar al'ada. Suna zaɓar ƙasa ta musamman kuma suna dasa shi a cikin tukunya. Wakilan wannan rukunin sun hada da tsire-tsire masu zuwa:
- Kasar Tillandsia Anita. Abubuwan da suka dace na ado suna da launuka masu yawa na ganyayyaki masu launin toka-kore. Rage-tsage da tsayi ne kawai an rufe shi da Sikeli. A lokacin fure, a takaice, obovate inflorescence na launuka masu launi ruwan hoda. A kan shi, bi da bi, farawa daga tushe, fure mai fure ko fure mai ruwan fure.
Kasar Tillandsia Anita - Duer Tillandsia. Ruwan ganye ya ƙunshi mafi fadi, ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi mai duhu. A kan bakin ciki sanannen abu ne mai tsawo, inflorescence biyu-jere a cikin nau'i na kunne. Ya ƙunshi ruwan hoda mai ruwan shuɗi ko lemo mai zaƙi gabaɗaɗa tare. Whitean ƙananan fararen furanni suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin takalmin.
Duer Tillandsia - Tillandsia shuɗi ne. Karamin tsire-tsire har zuwa 25 cm tsayi tare da dogon ganye mai launin shuɗi-kore mai kama da hatsi. Yana blooms tare da lebur madaidaiciya karu, fentin a Lilac ko ruwan hoda. Single purple ko shuɗi furanni fure daga kunne.
Tillandsia shuɗi
Hanyoyin kiwo
Tillandsia yana yaduwa ta iri da kuma hanyoyin tsirrai. Kawai nau'in potted ana iya girma daga tsaba. A cikin bazara ana rarraba su a kan yashi da ƙasan peat kuma an matse shi kadan. An baza filayen kuma an rufe su da fim. Ana ajiye kwantena masu tsire-tsire a cikin daki mai tsananin hasken wuta da zazzabi mai iska + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Harbe yana bayyana tsakanin makonni 2-3. Bayan watanni 3, ana ƙirƙirar ganye na gaske na gaske a kan shuka, kuma ana iya watsa shi cikin tukunya dabam.
Duk nau'ikan tillandsia suna haifar yara. Tsarin tare da ƙananan ƙananan Tushen za'a iya rarrabe shi kuma a watsa shi. Girmanta a lokacin yin rooting yakamata ya zama rabin rabin mahaifar. Rooting na kore iri ne yake aikata a cikin ƙasa. Yankunan da ke sararin samaniya suna tsayawa akan daskararren itace ko kuma a cikin akwati na musamman. Ya cika da sphagnum, gawayi da peat. Tillandsia ba shi da tushe wanda yadu ta hanyar tsiro. Ya isa a raba kowane mai harbi da gyara shi. Zai ci gaba da haɓaka azaman uwa.
Dokokin Canje-canje
Wide da m kwantena ana amfani da su don dasa shuki tillandsia, tunda rhizome yana da girman matsakaici. Replants na yau da kullun zuwa shuka ba a buƙata. Abin sani kawai Dole a lokaci-lokaci maye gurbin tsohon gurbin. Idan aka kafa ɗimbin yawan yara, suna buƙatar rarrabewa da watsa su cikin tukwane. Samfuran yanayi na sararin samaniya basa buƙatar tukunya da komai. A cikin shagunan ana siyar da su da dunƙule ko dutse. A lokacin juyawa, yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye kada a lalata shuka mai lalacewa.
A kasar gona don tillandsia ya kamata a da-drained da fibrous. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da abubuwa tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗan ɗanɗani na acidic. Kasancewar lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa bai zama karɓuwa ba. Cakuda mai dacewa don orchids da tsire-tsire bromeliad. Ana iya haɗa su da kansu:
- ƙwayar sphagnum;
- guda na kwandon kwalliya;
- gawayi gawayi;
- ƙasa mai rarrafe;
- tushen fern.
Kowace bazara, ana maye gurbin saman da sabon salo.
Siffofin Abubuwan ciki
Tillandsia na buƙatar mai sayad da furanni don kula da amfanin gona na bromeliad. Wadannan tsire-tsire ba za a iya kira gaba daya unpretentious. Koyaya, sanin ainihin ka'idodin yana yiwuwa.
Haske Dukkanin jinsunan tillandsia suna girma cikin inuwa am ko a cikin haske. Nau'in yanayi na rayuwa mai kyau a cikin ɗakuna masu duhu, kuma nau'in gasasshen halitta yana buƙatar ɗakunan wuta mai sauƙi. Hakanan ana bada shawara ga ƙarshen ƙarshen fitowar hasken rana kai tsaye da safe da maraice. A cikin hunturu, ana buƙatar haske mai haske don kore tillandsia a ko'ina cikin rana.
Zazzabi Tillandsia yana buƙatar yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun a cikin kewayon 5-8 ° C. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na yau da kullum shine + 22 ... + 28 ° C. Increara zuwa + 35 ° C kuma ragewa zuwa + 10 ° C an yarda. A lokacin rani, ya dace a saka furanni a kan titi, inda suke kusanta yanayin yanayin da ake ciki na tsarewa. A kan titi, an sa furanni a ƙarƙashin wata shuga. Ruwan sama a cikin yanayi mai tsananin sanyi a gare su.
Haushi. Kusa da tsire-tsire, wajibi ne don kula da babban zafi iska. Ana fidda kambi kullun da ruwa mai tsarkakakke. Tsarin tsire-tsire na sama yana buƙatar har zuwa sprays 3 a kowace rana. Morearfin zafin, zafin Tillandsia ya fi ƙarfin zafi. A watan Oktoba-Fabrairu, ana yin spraying da safe. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don kwantar da dakin a kai a kai. Kowane watanni 2, furanni suna wanka a cikin wanka mai dumi. Bai kamata a aiwatar da hanyar ba lokacin furanni, in ba haka ba zai zama ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Watse. Babban mahimmanci shine ingancin ruwa don ban ruwa. Dole ne a yi ruwan sama ko kuma a tsabtace shi sosai. Chlorine, lemun tsami da sauran ƙazamar tasirin suna shafar girma da bayyanar tsiro. Kwayar halitta na iya kafawa a bayan ganye. Tsarin yanayi na shayar da ƙasa musamman da wuya, kawai bayan ya bushe gabaɗaya. Dankali tsire-tsire ana shayar sosai, amma a kai a kai. A kasar gona ya kamata ko da yaushe ya kasance dan kadan m. Ya kamata a zuba ruwa a tsakiyar zangon ganye. Lokaci-lokaci, kuna buƙatar nutsar da tukunya a cikin ruwa da ruwa.
Taki. Kowane watanni 1-2, ana ciyar da ƙasar tillandsia tare da abubuwan ma'adinai don bromeliads. Kyakkyawan shuka ya isa kuma rabin rabo daga taki. Ana shigo da su daga Maris zuwa Satumba. Yana da mahimmanci la'akari da cewa ɓangaren abincin abincin fure yana karɓa ta cikin ganyayyaki. Saboda haka, riguna na sama ba kawai an zuba cikin ƙasa ba (a tsakiyar hanyar fita daga ganyayyaki), amma kuma an ƙara cikin ruwa don fesawa.
Cutar da kwari. A ketare yanayin yanayin tsare, watau karancin ruwa da kuma wuce gona da iri, ganyen ganye zai iya haɓaka. A farkon matakin cutar, ana kula da ganyayyaki da fungicides, amma yuwuwar ceton tsiron yayi ƙanana. Ya kamata a lalata furanni da ya shafa ko facin su nan da nan. Tillandsia na iya fama da hare-haren 'yan gizo-gizo, ƙwayoyin kwari, aphids da mealybugs. Parasites suna yaƙi da kwari.
