Ciyarwar bazara da taki don strawberries: menene ake buƙata kuma yaushe ne mafi kyawun ciyar

Lokacin bazara lokaci ne na kerawa don yan lambu. Mazauna rani da kuma lambu suna yin shirye-shiryen dasa shuki, zaɓi furanni da kayan lambu iri-iri. Har yanzu ƙasar ba ta cika cikawa da ciyawa ba, amma albarkatun 'ya'yan itacen marmari sun riga sun farka. Wataƙila mafi mashahuri a cikinsu shine strawberries. Kuma abu na farko da zai fara yi mata a farkon kakar shine ciyar da ita domin bayar da karfinta ta girma bushes da manyan berries.

Abin da takin mai magani da strawberries ke buƙata a bazara

A cikin bazara, kafin fure, strawberries rayayye girma greenery. Ofaukar da amfanin gona ya dogara da girman ganyayyaki da kuma lokacin farin ciki petioles zasu kasance. A kan bushes mai kazanta, Berry zai yi girma kaɗan. A takaice dai: mafi karfi da lafiya a daji, da yawan manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa zai samu. Amma ba za ku iya shawo kan strawberries ba, in ba haka ba za ta yi ƙiba, ba ta ɗaure berries, har ma da muni, ana iya ƙone ta mutu. Saboda haka, ya kamata koyaushe a yi amfani da takin mai magani tare da taka tsantsan kuma kada ya wuce sashi.

Don ƙirƙirar ganye masu lafiya da manyan berries, strawberries suna buƙatar abinci mai daidaita

Nitrogen shine kayan gini na kore kowane irin shuka, kuma shine abin da ake buƙata a lokacin bazara. Ana samun sinadarin Nitrogen a cikin takin ma'adinai, humus, mullein, droppings tsuntsu. Bugu da ƙari, strawberries suna buƙatar abubuwan da aka gano, amma ba tare da abinci mai narkewa na nitrogen ba zai zama da tasiri ba. Idan an ƙara su da ƙari, kamar bitamin bayan babban hanyar, sakamakon zai zama sananne. Musamman, microelements suna taimakawa wajen jimre da yanayin damuwa (fari, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, sanyi), ƙara juriya game da cututtukan strawberries, hanzarta haɓaka, budding da tumatir na 'ya'yan itatuwa. A lokaci guda, da berries girma girma, mafi kyau da kuma ci.

Yaushe ku ciyar da strawberries a cikin bazara

Lokaci na suturar yana dogara da iyawarku, amma ba da jimawa ba tsirrai suka sami tallafi, zai fi kyau su gode muku.

1. Idan shafin yanar gizonku yana kusa da gidan, ko kuna da damar ziyartar gonar a ƙarshen hunturu ko farkon bazara, watsar da takin mai magani dama a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Su kansu zasu narke cikin puddles kuma zasu shiga cikin ƙasa zuwa ga asalinsu. Ana yin wannan tare da takin ma'adinai da ash.
2. Idan ka shiga cikin lambu kawai bayan ƙasa ta bushe, amfani da taki a farkon kwance. Watsa su a ko'ina cikin gado, Mix da topsoil da ruwa. Ko amfani da kayan miya a saman ruwa mai laushi.
3. Idan babu ruwa a shafin, sai ƙasa ta bushe, sannan a shafa takin kafin ruwan sama ko a sanya kayan miya a saman ganyayyaki. Yana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan, za'a iya kawo shi ko kawo tare da ku.

Dole ne a shafa kowane tushen saman miya a kan ƙasa mai laushi, in ya yiwu a siffar ruwa. Kada a bar izinin granules ya bushe zuwa tushen sa har ya narke a wurin. A wannan yanayin, za a sami mafita mai ƙarfi wanda zai ƙone Tushen mafi ƙanƙanta, wato suna aiki kamar capillaries - suna ba da ruwa da abinci mai kyau ga bushes.

Bidiyo: Nasihu masu kula da itace irin yadda ake shan ruwa

Ma'adinai, kwayoyin halitta da abinci mai gina jiki don strawberries

A cikin bazara, kafin fure, strawberries suna buƙatar miya kawai na nitrogen da ƙarin takin tare da microelements. Zaɓin mafi sauƙi shine siyan cakuda cakuda cikin shagon, nan da nan ya ƙunshi dukkanin abubuwan masarufi ga wannan amfanin gona. Yawancin irin waɗannan gwanayen abinci mai gina jiki yanzu ana samarwa: Gumi-Omi, Agricola, Fertika da sauransu alama "na strawberries / strawberries." Biya musamman da hankali ga abun da ke ciki. Yawan kashi na nitrogen (N) ya kamata ya zama sama da adadin sauran abubuwan.

Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don riguna na bazara: masana'antun da aka shirya shirye-shirye sun dace da masu fara lambu, kuma ƙwararrun ƙwararru suna iya yin cakuda abinci mai gina jiki don strawberries akan kansu ta amfani da takin gargajiya ko kayayyakin kantin magani.

Fertilizing tare da takin mai ma'adinai

A cikin shagunan ajiya, zaka iya samun takin mai ƙunshe da abubuwa uku na nitrogen a farashi mai araha kuma tare da ƙaramar amfani da giram ɗin:

• Urea (urea, carbonic diamide) daga dukkanin takin ma'adinai ya ƙunshi adadin adadin nitrogen - 46%. Sauran sune hydrogen, oxygen da carbon. Lokacin da urea yayi hulɗa tare da iska, siffofin ammoniya, wanda ke bushewa. Saboda haka, urea dole ne ko dai a saka shi a cikin ƙasa ko a shafa shi azaman mafita. Takin yana da amsa dan kadan na acidic, kusa da tsaka tsaki, don haka ana iya amfani dashi akan kowace ƙasa.
• Nitric nitrate (ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate) gishirin nitric acid ne, wanda ke kunshe da kashi 35% na nitrogen. Babban kuskuren wannan takin shine cewa yana ƙara yawan acidity na ƙasa, saboda haka dole ne a shafa shi tare da gari dolomite. Amma ana amfani da kadara iri ɗaya don yaƙar cututtuka. Watering ganye da ƙasa a kewayen bushes tare da bayani na ammonium nitrate, zaku rabu da fungi.
• Nitroammophoska takin zamani ne mai hadaddun da ya ƙunshi mahimmancin macroelements guda uku: nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium. Masana daban daban suna samar da matakai daban-daban na cakudawa a ƙarƙashin wannan suna, kuma kowannensu yana da nasa rabo na macronutrients. Bugu da kari, rashin amfani da wannan takin shine cewa za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin bazara kawai idan baku takin strawberries da superphosphate da potassium salt a lokacin bazara.

Hoto na hoto: takin zamani na ma'adinai mai tsada da mara tsada don strawberries

Ana nuna ka'idoji da hanyar amfani da takin mai ma'adinan akan fakitin. Ana iya amfani da takin mai magani uku a 1 tbsp. lita ta 1 m² na ƙasa mai laushi da taushi ko narke a cikin lita 10 na ruwa da ruwa yanki guda. Koyaya, yana da kyau gabatar da takin mai ƙasa da ma'adinai fiye da wuce ƙimar su: wuce haddi nitrogen ya tara a cikin ganyayyaki, sannan kuma a cikin berries a cikin hanyar nitrates.

Nitrates ba mai haɗari ga lafiya ba, amma a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi a cikin jikin mutum zasu iya shiga cikin ƙwayar mai guba. Wannan na iya faruwa tare da karancin acidity, gastritis, da tsabtace tsabta. Mafi yawan kula da masu cutar nitrites yara ne da tsofaffi. Sabili da haka, yara da tsofaffi ana bada shawarar ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga' ya'yan itatuwa da aka girma ba tare da sunadarai ba.

Ciyar da jiko na mullein

Idan baku da marmarin gabatar da takin ma'adinai mai guba a cikin ƙasa, amma akwai damar da za ku sami mullein (taki), to ku sanya rigunan saman nitrogen daga ciki. Mullein ya faru:

• kwanciya - hade da peat ko bambaro; yana da wadatar arziki a cikin nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium;
• Litterless - tsabtace taki mai ɗauke da nauyin 50-70%.

A cikin bazara, kuna buƙatar riguna na saman nitrogen, don haka yi amfani da mullein mai baƙar wuta, wato, keɓaɓɓen saniya da za a iya tattarawa inda shanu ke tafiya da kuma wurin kiwo.

Cows sarrafa ciyawa cikin taki mai mahimmanci - mullein ko taki

Recipe don ciyar daga mullein jiko:

1. Cika guga 1/3 tare da sabon keken shanu.
2. Cika zuwa saman da ruwa da murfi.
3. Sanya tsawon kwanaki 5-7 a cikin zafi don fermentation.
4. Don lita 10 na ruwa, ƙara 1 lita na jiko kuma zuba strawberries a cikin kudi na 0.5 a kowace daji.

Irin wannan maganin za'a iya zuba shi akan ganyayyaki, sannan bushes ɗin zai ƙara samun kariya daga cututtukan fungal: powdery mildew, daban-daban aibobi da sauransu.

Ciyar da Tsuntsaye

Chicken taki an dauki mafi darajar da kuma mayar da hankali Organic taki. Ya ƙunshi sau 3-4 na abinci fiye da sauran manyan riguna na halitta. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi akwai nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, abubuwa masu ganowa. A jiko an yi su a cikin kamar yadda daga mullein, amma don shawo kan taro ya zama sau 2 ƙasa da: 0.5 l na jiko da 10 l na ruwa. Yawan ban ruwa ya kasance iri ɗaya - 0.5 l a kowane daji.

An ba da izini don jiko daga zuriyar zuriyar dabbobi. Ana sayar da bushe a cikin shagunan, kuma sau da yawa a ƙarƙashin marufin ba a zuriyar dabbobi ba, amma humus kaza. Sabili da haka, mafita daga ɗigon kaza da aka siya a shagon ya kamata a shirya kamar yadda aka nuna akan kunshin.

Yi amfani da zuriyar dabbobi daga shagon bisa ga umarnin kan kunshin.

Taki a cikin bazara tare da humus

Humus shine ragowar tsire da asalin dabbobi. Sau da yawa ana kiran humus humus, wanda ya kwanta shekaru 1-2. Amma wannan rukunin ya hada da takin, ruɓaɓɓen zuriyar gida, ɗakunan ganyayyaki masu ruɓi a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi. Duk waɗannan suna da takin gargajiya mai mahimmanci tare da abun cikin babban nitrogen. Suna da dacewa musamman akan gadajen bishiyoyi masu shekaru 2-3, lokacin da manyan bushesan girma da suka girma suka fara farawa daga ƙasa kuma suka tashi sama kamar ƙwanƙwasa. Yayyafa humus tsakanin layuka a cikin irin wannan rukunin don rufe danda ɓangaren ɓoye na tushen. Abin sani kawai zuciya da ganyayyaki ya kamata su kasance a saman.

Humus lokaci guda yana aiki a matsayin babban miya da ciyawa

Rashin ingancin ciyarwa tare da humus, infusions na mullein da droppings tsuntsu shine cewa ba shi yiwuwa a tantance ainihin abun da ke ciki na nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus domin rage ko kara yawan lokacin bazara da ciyarwar kaka.

Ciyar da itace ash

Ash takin zamani ne wanda bashi da amfani a aikace a cikin bazara ba tare da takin nitrogen ba (urea, ammonium nitrate, mullein, droppings). Ya ƙunshi dukkanin abubuwan da ake buƙata na micro da macro don strawberries, sai dai babba - nitrogen. Koyaya, tare da aikace-aikacen lokaci guda tare da hadewar abubuwan da ke hade da nitrogen, amsawar sinadaran da ba dole ba ya faru. Ash shine alkali, nitrogen a gaban sa ya juya ya zama ammoniya kuma ya tsere. Sai dai itace cewa amfani abubuwa kawai shiga cikin iska, kuma ba takin kasar gona. Sabili da haka, da farko ba da babban abinci mai gina jiki tare da abun ciki na nitrogen, kuma bayan kwanaki 5-7, lokacin da tsire-tsire suke sha, ƙara ash (hadaddun abubuwan abubuwan alama).

Ana iya samo ash ta ƙonewa ba kawai itace ba, amma har duk wani tarkace na shuka: ciyawar bushe, fiɗa, tsohuwar tsintsiya daga wanka, ganyen bara. Lokacin da aka ƙona albarkatun ƙasa daban-daban, ana samun hadadden abubuwa na abubuwan daban-daban. Daya yana dauke da karin potassium, ɗayan kuma ya ƙunshi phosphorus, da sauransu.

Tebur: abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwa na ash daga kayan daban-daban

Ana iya samun guga na ash ta ƙone busassun dankalin turawa waɗanda aka tattara daga ƙarni na duniya

Af, ana sayar da ash ash a cikin kantin sayar da kayan lambu, amma siyan shi don tsirrai iri iri ba shi da riba, tunda amfani, idan aka kwatanta da takin ma'adinai, ya yi yawa: gilashin 1-2 a guga na ruwa ko 1 m².

Ash ciyar za a iya yi a daya daga cikin hanyoyin:

1. Zuba gilashin ash a cikin guga na ruwa, girgiza shi, kuma har sai da ɓarnatattun nauyi suka warware, zuba strawberries a ƙarƙashin tushe (0.5 l a kowane daji).
2. Danshi da strawberry ganye tare da ruwa mai tsabta daga watering Can. Zuba ash a cikin babban sieve ko colander da ƙura da bushes. Kurkura kashe ba lallai ba ne. Ganyayyaki zasu dauki abincin da yakamata, ciyawar zata shanye ruwan sama ko kuma yayi wanka sannan ya tafi kasa, ga asalin sa.

Bidiyo: akan abun da ke ciki, fa'idodi da amfanin ash ash

Akasin stereotype, ash da slag wanda aka kafa bayan ƙone ƙurar suma takin zamani ne. Amma yana da tasirin kishiyar tozaran itace - yana lalata ƙasa kuma baya alkinta shi. An yi imanin cewa baƙin ƙarfe ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu aiki na rediyo da ƙarfe masu nauyi waɗanda ke tara tsire-tsire. Koyaya, wannan na faruwa lokacin da yawan ash a cikin ƙasa ya fi 5%. A matsayin gwaji, masu binciken Amurkawa suka hadu da kasa tare da tokar ash na tsawon shekaru 3 a adadin tan 8 a kowace gona na kadada 1 (kilogiram 200 a kowace murabba'in kilomita), wanda yake 1.1%. Ba a yin amfani da ruwan karkashin kasa da kuma gurɓatar ƙasa, kayan ƙarfe ba su da ƙasa, kuma kayan tumatir ya karu da kashi 70%. Irin wannan ash yana ƙunshe da ƙwayoyi da yawa, phosphorus, da jan ƙarfe, wanda ke hana ƙarshen bazara. Amma kuna buƙatar kawo ash ash tare da kwayoyin halitta (humus, takin).

Yisti Ciyar da

Wata hanyar inganta tsarin ƙasa ba tare da sunadarai ba ita ce gabatar da yisti a kai a kai. Wadannan kananan kwayoyin halitta basa bada gudummawa ga saurin lalata kwayoyin halitta a cikin kasa, shine, su fassara shi zuwa wani tsari da ake samu don abinci mai gina jiki. Isasa tana wadatar da bitamin, amino acid, baƙin ƙarfe, abubuwa masu kama, nitrogen da phosphorus. Ciyar da yisti yana inganta tushen kafa, kuma yaduwar tushen, ya zama yana da ƙarfi a daji kuma ya fi girma berries a kai.

Dry da guga man yisti sun dace da ciyar da strawberries.

Strawberry taki tare da yisti yana da fasali guda biyu:

• yisti an gabatar da shi ne kawai a cikin ƙasa mai ɗumi, mafi yawan zafin jiki don yaduwar su ya wuce +20 ⁰C;
• kan aiwatar da fermentation, da yawa potassium da alli suna tunawa daga ƙasa, sabili da haka, bayan yin shawa tare da bayani mai yisti, ya zama dole don ƙara miya ash.

Mafi sauki girke-girke na yisti wort don strawberry ban ruwa:

1. Zuba kafadun ruwa mai ɗumi a cikin kwalba mai lita uku.
2. Sanya 4-5 tbsp. l sukari da fakitin bushe yisti (12 g) ko 25 g raw (guga man).
3. Haɗa komai kuma sanya shi a cikin wurin dumi na ɗan lokaci, har sai yisti ya fara "wasa" kuma kumfa ya bayyana a saman.
4. Zuba duka wort cikin guga mai lita 10 ko kuma ruwa yana iya kaiwa sama da ruwa mai zafi a rana.
5. Ruwa da strawberries a ƙarƙashin tushe a farashin 0.5-1 l a kowane daji.

Bidiyo: girke-girke yisti

Akwai girke-girke a ciki wanda aka bar wort don kwanaki da yawa har sai yisti ya daina aiki. Amma a cikin aiwatar da fermentation, an kafa giya. Ferarshen fermentation yana nuna cewa yisti ya mutu daga babban taro. Ya juya cewa 'yan lambu suna ciyar da strawberries tare da bayani, wanda ya hada da: barasa, mai ƙanshi, wanda aka kirkira a lokacin fermentation, da yisti mai mutu. A lokaci guda, duk batun ciyar da yisti ya ɓace - don kawo su cikin ƙasa da rai kuma ya bar su su yi aiki a can.

Ciyar da ammoniya

Ana sayar da Ammoniya a cikin magunguna, amma takin zamani ne mai kyau, saboda ya ƙunshi fili na nitrogen - ammoniya. Bugu da kari, da pungent ƙanshi na ammoniya tsoratar da yawa karin kwari daga strawberries: strawberry weevil, larvae na May irin ƙwaro, aphids, da sauransu Bugu da kari, wannan bayani ya disinfecting kaddarorin da kuma kashe pathogenic fungi cewa zauna a kan strawberry ganye.

Matsakaicin girman kantin magani shine 40 ml, rabi zuwa cikar vial yana zuwa guga ciyar

Don ciyarwa, tsarma 2-3 tbsp. l ammoniya a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, Mix da zuba a cikin ganyayyaki da ƙasa. Kula da matakan tsaro yayin shiri. Ammonia yana da sauƙin canzawa, yana iya ƙone membranes. Kar a sha iska da iska. Bude vial kuma auna sashin da ake so a cikin sabon iska.

Bidiyo: superfood na strawberries - ammoniya

Strawberry aidin magani

Ana samo Iodine a zahiri a ko'ina cikin yanayi (ruwa, iska, a cikin ƙasa), amma a cikin ƙananan kaɗan. Ana samun sinadarin Iodine a cikin dukkanin kwayoyin halitta, gami da tsire-tsire, musamman ma yawancinsu a cikin algae. Maganin maganin giya na aidin shine wani magani daga kantin magani wanda masu lambu suka karɓa. An yi imani cewa wannan maganin rigakafin yana kare tsire-tsire daga cututtuka, kuma sau ɗaya a cikin ƙasa, yana aiki a matsayin mai inganta yanayin metabolism.

Iodine yana kare strawberries daga cutar kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai inganta yanayin metabolism.

An ƙirƙira girke-girke daban-daban kuma an gwada su, taro na aidin wanda yake shi ya sha bamban sosai: daga saukad da 3 zuwa 0.5 tsp. akan 10 l na ruwa. Shin akwai wata fa'ida a cikin mafi ƙarancin matakin - ba a tabbatar da kimiyya ba, a mafi girman a aikace, ba a lura da sakamako masu illa ga irin ƙonewar ganye ba. Dangane da sake dubawa, magani tare da aidin yana aiki a matsayin kyakkyawan rigakafin cututtukan fungal na strawberries.

Bidiyo: ta amfani da maganin barasa na iodine don sarrafa strawberries

Wasu lambu sunyi imani cewa ba shi yiwuwa cutar da aidin. Koyaya, wannan abun mai guba ne, maras tabbas. Sakamakon zafi na tururi, ciwon kai, tari mai taushi, hanci mai gudu. Idan aka saka shi, dukkan alamun guba suna bayyana. Idan kashi ya wuce 3 g, sakamakon zai iya zama mai wahala sosai. Maganin aidin ba mai cutarwa bane. Kada ka shaƙe su da tsirrai. Don shirya riguna, haskaka cokali na musamman, kofin auna, guga, da sauransu. Wannan ya shafi duk takin mai magani da shirye-shirye.

A cikin bazara, ana buƙatar ciyar da strawberries tare da takin mai magani dauke da nitrogen. Ari ga haka, don hanzarta duk matakan tafiyar matakai, an ƙara abubuwan gano abubuwa. Amma kada a shayar da gadaje tare da duk hanyoyin da aka sani da kuma hanyoyin da za a iya samu. Ya isa ya shayar da strawberries sau ɗaya kafin fure tare da ɗayan takin mai magani na nitrogen (ma'adinai, jiko na mullein ko zuriyar dabbobi) da kuma bayan fewan kwanaki ƙara itacen ash ko amfani da cakuda cakuda abubuwan da aka gano (haɓakar haɓaka). Yi amfani da magungunan da ba a yi nufin tsire-tsire tare da taka tsantsan ba, tunda ba a tsara su don amfani da allurar da aka ɗauke su ba don rigunan miya, kuma wasu lokuta na iya zama haɗari.