'Ya'yan inabi mafi yawan lokuta suna gabatar da babban inganci, kyakkyawan dandano da kyawun bayyanar ga iri. Ana haɗa waɗannan halayen a cikin inabi na zaɓi na Yukren.
Tarihin 'ya'yan itacen inabi Sofia
Sofia bred da matasan iri na inabõbi in mun gwada da kwanan nan, game da 8-10 da suka wuce, da Ukrainian mai son makiyayin V. Zagorulko. A cikin aikin akan sabon matasan, marubucin ya yi amfani da nau'ikan innabi na Arcadia da Radish Kishmish. Sakamakon ya kasance farkon innabi tebur, wanda cikin sauri ya sami karbuwa a tsakanin masu shayarwa na Ukraine saboda yawan amfanin ƙasa da kyakkyawan kasuwa. A cikin kudanci da tsakiyar Rasha, inda lokacin bazara ba su da kima, Sofia kuma tana girma sosai. Godiya ga kyawawan ganye, wanda ya samo launi mai rawaya mai sanyi a cikin kaka, wani lokaci ana amfani da Sofia don dalilai na kayan ado.
Sofia inabi a cikin yanayin Cherkassk - bidiyo
Bayanin sa
Sofia ta kasance a cikin kayan girbabben tebur kuma tana da farkon lokacin bunƙasa (tsawon lokacin kwanaki 100-115).
An yi amfani da tsire-tsire ta hanyar girma mai ƙarfi. Itacen inabi mai ƙarfi, launin ruwan kasa mai haske a launi, ripens a ko'ina cikin kusan 100%. Ganyen yana yin fure a saman harbe an zana shi a cikin launi mai duhu mai duhu mai duhu, babu annashuwa. Siffar ganyayyaki zagaye, shimfidar kadan an watsa shi, farjin zai iya zama kadan. A cikin fall sun juya launin rawaya-kore.
Sofia furanni guda-jima'i - mace. Suna da tsinkaye kusan kowane pollen, kodayake ana ɗaukar itacen inabi Arcadia shine mafi kyawun pollinator. Wasu gungun masu giya, don inganta yanayin 'ya'yan itace, gudanar da pollination na wucin gadi tare da taimakon puff.
Ana rarrabe gogewar Sofia ta manyan masu girma dabam, tsarin mai yawa da kuma girman berriesa berriesan itace
Ana yin buran Bunches manya-manyan (800-1200 g, wani lokacin har zuwa kilogiram 3), suna da kamanni. Tsarin buroshi mai matukar yawa, saboda haka wani lokacin zaku fitar da bakinsu don hana Rotting na berries.
Berriesa'idodin furanni waɗanda ba su da siffofi suna da girma sosai (har zuwa 2.8-3.6 cm tsayi da tsawon 2.0-2.1 cm), adadinsu ya kai g 15. A bayyanar, furannin suna kama da nau'in mahaifa irin na Arkady. Fata mai ruwan hoda kyakkyawa ce mai yawa, amma idan aka ci shi kusan ba a jin shi. Kyakkyawan m, m fleshy tare da m zaki da dandano da ƙanshi nutmeg ɓoye a karkashin fata. Yawancin berries ba su da tsaba kwata-kwata, amma a cikin mafi girma akwai akwai 1-2 tsaba, kuma har ila yau waɗannan suna da laushi, rudimentary saboda kasancewar raisins tsakanin "iyaye".
Bayanin ire-iren Sofia akan bidiyo
Halaye na inabõbi Sofia
Yawancin masu noman giya suna ƙoƙarin haɗa Sofia a cikin tarin su saboda yawancin fa'idodi na wannan iri-iri:
- amfanin gona na farko da yalwa;
- rashin fitar da peeling;
- kyakkyawan gabatarwa da dandano;
- jure yanayin zafi da fari (tare da dogon zafi na bunch ɗin da kuke buƙatar rufe shi da ganye);
- m samuwar tushen tsarin a kan cuttings da kuma babban yawan rayuwa na seedlings;
- ƙara juriya ga cututtukan fungal;
- dangi juriya game da sufuri, wanda yake mahimmanci lokacin girma inabi don siyarwa.
Rashin dacewar iri-iri:
- tantance kulawa;
- furanni iri daya-
- karuwa da yawa na bunch, haifar da buƙatar thinning;
- fatattaka berries a cikin ruwan sama;
- zubar da berries tare da wuce gona da iri a daji;
- low juriya sanyi (har zuwa -21 game daC)
Dokokin saukowa da kulawa
Sofia tana cikin nau'ikan da ke buƙatar kulawa mai kyau, saboda haka yana da kyau a ɗauki ƙwararrun masanan da ke da ƙwarewa game da aikinta.
Mabuɗin babban nasara ga girma shine daidai.
Dasa inabi Sofia
Yawancin lokaci babu matsaloli tare da dasawar Sofia matasan, tunda an yanke tushen da kyau kuma tsarin tushe yana girma da sauri.
Kuna iya yaduwar 'ya'yan inabi ta hanyar grafting a cikin daidaitaccen, amma a matsayin jari dole ne a zaɓi iri-iri mai ƙarfi, in ba haka ba shuka mai gushewa na iya zama mai rauni.
Don inoculation, an yanke sashin ƙasa na rike tare da weji kuma an saka shi cikin hannun jari
Don shirya kai na 'yan seedlings, yakamata a shirya tsiron (ya yi balaga, tare da budsa budsan 4-5) za a saka a cikin tukunyar ruwa a farkon Fabrairu. Yana yiwuwa a dasa cuttings a cikin m, haske da ƙasa mai gina jiki.
“Gemu” fararen tushen ya bayyana akan tsiron da aka girma cikin ruwa
Dasa dasa seedlings a cikin dindindin za a iya za'ayi duka a cikin ƙarshen spring (shekaru goma na Afrilu - farkon May), da kuma a cikin kaka (Satumba). Idan akai la'akari da cewa sanyi na juriya da Sofia ba ta yi yawa sosai ba, yana da kyau a dasa shi a cikin bazara, don tumatir ɗin na iya yin tushe a sabon wurin da farkon yanayin sanyi.
Makonni 2-3 kafin dasawa, an shirya rami na 0.7-0.8 m a cikin girman (diamita da zurfi iri ɗaya ne). Za a shimfiɗa rufin magudanar ruwa (bulo da aka fashe, tsakuwa) a ƙasan ramin, sannan humus aka haɗe shi da ƙasa mai nauyi da superphosphate (25-30 g) an zuba cikin ramin zuwa rabin zurfin. Ruwan abinci mai gina jiki an rufe shi da ƙasa mai laushi kuma bari ramin ya tashi tsaye domin ƙasa ta zauna.
Fushin tsakuwa a bakin ramin zai samar da magudanan ruwa mai inganci da hana ruwa danshi
Sapling Tushen kafin dasa za a iya bi da tare da girma stimulator. Idan kayi amfani da seedlingsa'idodin seedlings da aka saya, ya kamata a datse tushensu kaɗan kafin dasa shuki da jiƙa na 12-24 a cikin ruwa.
A lokacin da saukowa, kuna buƙatar yin hankali don kada ku karya farkon matasa. Bayan yin barci tare da ƙasa kuma a hankali hada ƙasa, kar a manta da shayar da jigon ruwa tare da bokiti 2-3 na ruwa mai ɗumi.
Dasa inabi - bidiyo
Ka'idojin girma
Lokacin girma Sofia, dole ne mutum ya manta game da wasu fasalolin wannan matasan. Misali, bushewa kasar gona yayi illa game da amfanin gona. Koyaya, yayi ruwa sosai, yanayin damina shima yana haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa. Watering yakamata ya zama na yau da kullun, amma ba yalwatacce ba.
Mutane da yawa kasa isasshe gogaggen growers sau da yawa yi kuskure (a matsayin marubucin wadannan Lines), imani da cewa tushen tsarin na inabõbi ne quite tsawo da wuya ku shayar da shi. Tabbas, idan wani lambu yana kusa da inabi, yawanci daji yana fitar da yanayin danshi da yakamata daga can. Idan nisan da ke kusa da albarkatun gona mafi kusa ya wuce 5-6 m, to, za a tsayar da daji kuma zaku iya mantawa game da fruiting.
Yawanci, ana shayar da 'ya'yan inabi 4-5 sau lokacin bazara: lokacin da furanni ke buɗe, kafin fure, lokacin da ƙwayar tayi, bayan girbi da kuma ƙarshen kaka) a cikin bushewar yanayi. Yawan ruwan ban ruwa ya zama lita 50-60 a kowane daji, don ban ruwa na lokacin hunturu - lita 120. An ciyar da ruwa zuwa rami, a yanka a cikin rabin mita daga tushe.
Watse inabi a bidiyo
Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine daskararren ruwa, wanda zai baka damar kula da yanayin matsakaicin matsakaici na danshi.
Baya ga ruwa, tsire-tsire innabi suna buƙatar miya. A wannan batun, Sofia kuma tana da abubuwan da take so - tana da lahani ga ƙwayoyin nitrogen mai wuce haddi. Saboda haka, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da takin mai magani na potassium foshate da yawa. Top miya mafi yawa ana haɗe shi da ruwa. Baya ga takin ma'adinai, dole ne a ƙara haɗarin kwayoyin halitta (wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, ya ƙunshi adadin nitrogen da ke buƙatar inabi). Za a iya yin kiwo a cikin ruwa ko a matsayin amfani da shi lokacin farin ciki na ciyawa, wanda zai riƙe danshi a ƙasa kuma ya sa tushen sa. Kada ku sanya Layer mulching na takin mai magani kusa da 5-6 cm daga tushe!
Ciyar da inabi - bidiyo
Saboda girman ƙarfin girma, Sofia yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar da kuma shirya shi akai-akai. Pruned vines a cikin bazara da kaka. Abubuwan bazara na bazara na harbe fruiting ya kamata ya zama gajere - don idanu 4-8.
Kuna iya samar da daji a cikin siffar fan akan jerin tsalle-tsalle guda ɗaya, zaku iya amfani da trellises tare da visor ko baka.
Vigorous innabi iri daya daidai haihuwa a kan babban baka
A cikin kaka, inabi dole ne a shirya don hunturu. Resistanceaukar dusar ƙanƙancinta ba ta isa ga hunturu ba tare da tsari. Sabili da haka, dole ne a fitar da vines daga trellis, yanke ƙarin harbe, ɗaure tare da saukar da ƙasa. Kuna iya dumama tsirrai tare da bambaro, reeds, oilcloth, ko ƙasa kawai.
Vines saukar da ƙasa tana buƙatar ɗaure shi da bambaro - wannan zai kare shuka daga sanyi
Kare 'ya'yan Sofia daga cututtuka da kwari
Kwanciyar hankali na cututtukan fungal da aka bayyana ta marubucin matasan Sofia yana da matukar faɗi - maki 3,5 ... 4. Koyaya, hana mildew da oidium wajibi ne idan kuna son samun ingantaccen girbi. Mafi dacewa fungicides sune TILT-250 da Ridomil, kodayake zaku iya amfani da cakuda Bordeaux ko broth mai laushi (ISO).
Aikin rigakafin inabi - bidiyo
Dadi mai ɗorewa yakan jawo hankalin tsuntsaye da wasikun. Tsuntsaye na iya tsoratar da su ta hanyar rataye tsintsaye masu tsawo (ko wasu kayayyaki masu kama da haka, zai fi dacewa da hauka) a cikin gonar inabin. Motsa da aka shimfiɗa a gonar inabin ya kuma taimaka.
Yana da mafi wuya a rabu da wasps. Wajibi ne a rusa gida kamar yadda aka gano su, don sarrafa 'ya'yan itacen tare da kwari (wannan ba shine mafi kyawun zaɓi ba, tunda dole ne a dakatar da aiki lokacin da tumatir ya girma, lokacin da wasps suka zama mafi yawan aiki). Hanya mafi kyau don kare kai daga wasps da tsuntsaye ita ce rufe kowane goga tare da jakar mayafi na wuta.
Don rufe kowane goga tare da jaka a cikin babban gonar inabinsa aiki ne mai wuya, amma amfanin gona ba zai sha wahala ba!
Girbi, adanawa da amfanin gona
Girbi na Sofia ya fara ƙaruwa a farkon shekarun watan Agusta kuma a cikin yankuna na kudancin Rasha ya kai ga balaga ta fasaha a ƙarshen ƙarnin na biyu. Ana buƙatar yanke goge, bawai a karye ba, yana barin “ƙafa” 5-6 cm tsayi.
Sofia tana jurewa da harkokin sufuri da kyau saboda fata mai yawa. Abin sani kawai yakamata a sa goge a cikin akwati m kamar yadda zai yiwu don kada su “girgiza” hanya.
Kuna iya adana amfanin gona na tsawon makonni 3-4 a cikin firiji ko ɗakin duhu mai sanyi. Kasancewa da tebur iri-iri, Sofia ta dace sosai don amfani sabo da amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, compote, raisins.
Ruwan innabi yana daya daga cikin abubuwan sha masu kyau.
Nazarin masu bugun giya
Hakanan, Sofia, ta dasa ne a bara kawai daga zagorulko. Saboda haka, babu wani abin faɗi. Zan iya ƙara da cewa ƙwayayenta daga waɗanda aka dasa a cikin fall (Sofia, Ivanna, Libya) sune mafi kyau yanzu girma. Bugu da kari, ci gaban su ya yi tsayi da yawa, kuma na takaita su yayin sauka. Amma bai jefar da warwar ba, amma ya sa su a cikin gidan zuwa sauran girke-girken. Kuma a cikin bazara daga waɗannan scraps (!) A kan windowsill na karɓi ƙarin seedlings kore. Girmama da ingancin kayan dasawa.
Vitaliy, Uzhhorod//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=485
Bambancin Sofia ya ba na biyu fruiting na bushes. Yawancin ya cancanci mafi kyawun halayen nau'in tebur a cikin dukkan mutunta. Duk da cewa an cika nauyin bushes, amma itacen inabi ya zama mm 10 mm. ripened by kaka cikakken tsawon coinage. An cire gungu yayin da suke balaga kuma suna cikin kyawawan buƙatu a kasuwa. Lokacin da aka cika su cikakke, sun sami launin ruwan hoda kaɗan. Wasu gungu sun kai kilogiram 2.5. zaɓi, gungu ya fara cirewa daga 15 ga Agusta 15 zuwa 30. Dnepr garin wanda yake akan Dnieper. Akwai kusan babu watering. Babu matsala tare da yin pollination a cikin gonar inabinku.
Gaiduk Ivan, Ukarina//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=485&page=2
A bara, Sofia ta ba ni amfanin farko. Ina murna sosai. Dandano yana chic tare da taɓawa na nutmeg. Berry yana da girma sau 1.5 a girma fiye da Arcadia, gungu har zuwa 1 kg. Vobschem kayan masarufi. A wannan shekara, an jefa inflorescences sau biyu kamar yadda babba a bara, kuma idan yanayin bai gaza ba lokacin fure, girbin zai yi kyau kwarai. Shedding berries bani dashi. Yawancin gungu na dazuzzuka biyun da ke girma a cikina ya zama daban. Bushaya daga cikin daji ya ba friable bunch, da sauran moderately m. Daidaitawar berries da safarar kuzari ya yi daidai da na Arcadia.
Vladimir Shpak, yankin Poltava//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=485
Sophia zan iya ƙara da cewa madadin launinta wanda yake bada 'ya'ya, harbe ta hanyar sanyi a ruwan kwandon shara, ya koma da furanni, haka ma, manyan. Na kuma samu a kan katako bayan dasa shuki a cikin tabarau a kan furanni maimakon. Babban Girma
Roman S., Krivoy Rog//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=485
Sofia ba ita ce mafi sauƙin innabi iri-iri don girma ba. Sabon shiga ba zai ci gaba da bunkasa ba. Amma a hannun gogaggen mai yin giya, bushes mai ƙarfi zai kawo amfanin gona mai yawa, goge mai laushi mai haske.
