Inabi 'ya'yan itaciya ne masu daɗin ɗanɗano masu lafiya waɗanda aka san ɗan adam sama da shekaru dubu 7. Inabi na ɗauke da antioxidants, yawancin bitamin da ma'adanai. Wannan inji ana daukar amfanin gona da ke kudu da rana. Koyaya, akwai nau'ikan innabi dubu da yawa, halayen waɗanda suka bambanta a cikin yanayin girma daban-daban, da kuma batun girkewa, da adadin girbi. Daga cikin ire-iren wadannan al'adun innabi, akwai iri-iri a ƙarƙashin sunan mai raɗaɗi mai ban al'ajabi.
Tarihin namo nau'in innabi
Inabi Mai Kyau ya bayyana sakamakon zaɓi mai rikitarwa, iyayenta sune nau'ikan guda uku a lokaci ɗaya: Dawn na Arewa, Dolores da Farko na Rasha. Daga farkon su, Delight ya karɓi irin wannan kayan a matsayin kyakkyawan juriya na sanyi, daga na biyu - juriya ga sufuri, kuma daga ƙarshen ingancin ripening na amfanin gona a farkon matakai ya wuce.
Varietyan masanin kimiyyar na Rasha an buge da shi, an haɗa su a cikin Regista a cikin 1992.
A cikin dogon lokaci na namo, Vostorg ya kafa kansa a matsayin unpretentious, m, bada babban yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma cikakken haƙuri sanyi winters inabi. An sami nasarar noma shi a tsakiyar Rasha, yankuna na Urals, har ma a Siberiya da Gabas mai nisa. Masu sha'awar ƙasashe na kusa da waje - Belarus da Kasashen Baltic - suma suna ƙaunar juna.
Vostorg inabi suna girma a tsakiyar Rasha, yankuna na Urals, Siberiya da Far East.
Bayanin da halaye na iri-iri
Yawancin suna da fasalta launuka masu haske, kuma suna da ikon jagoranci shugabar cikin cikakkiyar jin daɗi.
Bayyanar ingancin shuka:
- daji na tsaka-tsakin matsakaici, yana da matattara mai kauri da rassa masu iko. Ganyayyaki akan itacen zaitun suna da girma, koren haske a launi mai launi mai kyau;
- bunch mai girma ko babba, yawanci conical form, amma yana iya zama mara tsari, wanda ba lahani bane kuma baya tasiri ƙimar amfanin gona;
- kai pollinated iri-iri;
- yana da rigakafi ga yawancin cututtuka - fungi daban-daban, daskararre, mildew, oidium. Amma m zuwa phylloxera;
- yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga lokacin sanyi zuwa -25game daC ko da kasancewar babu mafaka;
- yana ba da damar lokacin bushewa;
- maturation ya kai kusan 100%;
- ana iya haɓaka duka a cikin kananan lambuna masu zaman kansu da kuma sikelin masana'antu.
Bayanin 'ya'yan itacen da sifofin hatsi:
- Matsakaicin, za a iya cire ɗakunan 120 na amfanin gona daga 1 ha na gonar inabin, yayin da goga ɗaya ya kai nauyin 500 g zuwa 2 kilogiram;
- gajeren lokacin girbi - kwanaki 110-120, wanda zai baka damar samun amfanin gona a cikin kankanin lokacin bazara;
- da berries suna da sihiri na yau da kullun. An fentin su da fararen ko launin shuɗi mai sauƙi, wanda akan 'ya'yan itatuwa da ke fuskantar gefen rana na iya juyawa zuwa zinare;
- nauyin nauyin innabi ɗaya daga 6 zuwa 12 g;
- bawo a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa mai yawa ne, lokacin da aka girbe, da berries ba su lalata, saboda abin da suke canja wurin motsi tsawon nisa;
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da nama mai narkewa da ɗanɗano, mai daɗi, ɗanɗano mai laushi, yayin da suke da babban sukari ga inabi - 20-26%;
- babu buƙatar girbi da sauri bayan an farfado, an adana gunkunan a kan itacen inabi har tsawon watanni 2;
- Ana amfani da berries don abinci mai kyau, kamar yadda kuma don samar da ruwan inabi, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, raisins.
Ana cin 'ya'yan inabi ba kawai azaman samfurin mai zaman kanta ba, amma kuma wani ɓangare na salads na' ya'yan itace ko kuma matsayin ƙarin kayan abinci a cikin abincin nama.
Jin daɗin Jin daɗi yana ƙaunar yara da manya.
Shuka da girma
Murmushi ba abu bane mai yawan gaske. Don samun amfanin gona mai inganci, dole ne a bi ka'idodin gama gari don amfanin inabi.
Wuri da kuma lokacin saukowa
Mafi kyawun wurin dasa shuki zai kasance shafi ne a gefen kudu ko kudu maso yamma, wanda bishiyoyi masu tsayi da gine-gine daban-daban ba su rikita shi, ba tare da zane-zane da tsawaita yawan iska mai sanyi ba. A kasar gona don nan gaba gonar inabinsa ya zama m - chernozems da sako-sako da loams ne mai kyau zaɓi. Domin samar da inabi da abinci mai gina jiki shekaru 2 kafin dasa shuki, ana yin takin ƙasa a kai a kai tare da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai. Duniya yakamata a jika shi a cikin matsakaici, ruwa mai yawa wanda zai tsokane tsire-tsire. Sabili da haka, zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa ya kamata ya kasance daga 2.5 m.
Yankunan daji don 'ya'yan inabi masu girma ba su dace ba.
Za a iya dasa jin daɗi a cikin bazara da kaka. Amma gogaggen lambu fi son kaka dasa more. Dalilin haka shine juriya na sanyi iri-iri. Duk matasa matasa tare da nasu tushen tsarin da grafted tsire-tsire yi haƙuri da farko hunturu daidai da, suna kawai bukatar a bugu da allyari yana. Da farko na zafi, zasu fara haɓaka aiki.
Shuka inabi a cikin bazara ya ba da damar daji don daidaitawa da kyau zuwa sabon wuri da haɓaka tsarin saiti a hanya mafi kyau. Amma a wannan yanayin, ya zama dole don samar da seedlings tare da kyakkyawar kulawa - musamman ma lokacin shayarwa, tun da yake lokacin da ake bazara ya fara tara danshi kuma ba zai sami cikakkiyar samin 'ya'yan inabi da shi ba.
'Ya'yan inabi kaɗan za su yi girma a cikin babban lambu
Hanyar yaduwar inabi
Inabi yana yaduwa ta hanyar shuka ko an liƙa su akan hannun jari. Hanya ta biyu ita ce mafi dacewa, tunda a wannan yanayin haɗarin cutar phylloxera an kusan cire ta. Alurar riga kafi kuma yana da wasu sauran ab advantagesbuwan amfãni:
- itacen ɓaure yana haɓaka cikin hanzari, tunda babu buƙatar tsintsayen su girma tsarin tushen nasu kuma su girma cikin itace (duk wannan yana ba shi tushen);
- 'Ya'yan inabinsu masu laushi za su fara kawo' ya'yan itace a shekara mai zuwa;
- alurar riga kafi ba ta da alaƙa da lokacin shekara, yana da daraja ban da lokacin hunturu kawai;
- hanya tana ba ku damar sabunta shuka innabi ko adana daji bayan kowane lalacewa, alal misali, abubuwan da suka haifar da dabbobi;
- idan girman samfurin ya ba da dama, ana iya yin kafe iri iri a kai, ta yadda za a adana sarari a gonar.
Domin tushen zaɓi zaɓi tsayi ko matsakaici mai tsayi. Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB rootstock, wanda ke da tsayayya da yanayin sanyi da cututtukan fungal, da phylloxera, sun fi dacewa da Shiga ciki.
Idan aka shirya rigakafin a cikin bazara, to, dole ne a fara shirye-shiryen da keɓaɓɓun ƙwayoyi kafin farkon sanyi:
- An yanke tutocin gaba da wuka mai kaifi daga kurmi mai lafiya, mai-tasiri. A cikin tsayi, ya kamata su kasance kusan 10 cm, a kauri - ba ƙasa da girman fensir na yau da kullun ba, suna da idanu 2-3.
An yanke yankan daga daji mai lafiya, mai ɗaukar nauyi
- Kuna iya lalata ƙwayar bishiyar ta hanyar ajiye su na rabin minti a cikin maganin 3% na sulfate jan ƙarfe, sannan kuma ya bushe.
- Adana shirye-shiryen girki a zazzabi da basa wuce 5game daC a lullube cikin rigar rigar ko polyethylene. Yankunan da suka dace na iya zama firiji, ba turɓaya ko ɗakin ba.
Yankuna kafin allurar riga kafi ya kamata a adana su cikin kayan damp a cikin wuri mai sanyi.
- Kar a manta a duba lokutan da ake yanke rassan lokacin hunturu kuma a cire daskararre ta hanyar amfani da sinadarin potassium idan ba zato ba tsammani ya bayyana akan tsire-tsire. Hakanan ba a yarda da bushewar kayan itace ba. Idan sun rasa danshi, ya kamata a sa su cikin ruwa tsawon minti 30, sannan a sake rufe su da kayan da aka ajiye su.
A cikin bazara inabi an inoculated kawai bayan buds bayyana a kan scion, don ci gaban da suka shirya shirye rassan an saka a cikin guga na ruwa. Dole ne yawan zafin jiki na iska ya kasance tsayayye kuma akalla 15game daC. Lokacin da ya fi kyau shi ne safe ko yamma a cikin dumi, amma ba yanayin zafi ba.
Kafin aiwatarwa, zaku iya runtse yankan na mintuna 15-20 a cikin maganin maganin da ke haifar da haɓaka, alal misali, Epin ko Kornevin.
An shirya jari don alurar riga kafi lokacin bazara kuma ya ƙunshi pruning tsohuwar daji da goge hemp. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin rigakafin.
Magudi
Amfani da shi idan jari da scion su ne kusan kauri ɗaya. A kan scion yin oblique yanke 1.5-2 cm a sama ko a ƙasa mafi kusa koda. Ana yin irin wannan yanke akan hannun jari. Duk rassan suna haɗawa da juna a cikin wuraren yanke. Sa'an nan wannan wurin yana nannade da kayan masana'anta kuma an gyara shi da igiya ko filastar. Ana ba da shawarar wannan hanyar don gonar da ta ƙware, saboda tana buƙatar ɗan ƙwarewa don tabbatar da madaidaiciyar fitowar yankan. In ba haka ba, akwai haɗarin cewa scion ɗin ba zai da tushe.
Raba maganin alurar riga kafi
Wannan ita ce hanya mafi mashahuri ta hanyar grafting ba kawai inabi ba, har ma da bishiyoyi iri-iri. Ya dace har ma da masu farawa a cikin kasuwancin lambu. An yanke reshen da za'a yi allurar rigakafin tare da wataƙila a nesa na 5 cm daga kumburi. Bayan haka, ta amfani da wuka, ana yin ɓarna mai zurfi na 3-4 cm, a cikin abin da ya sa tip ɗin hannun ya yi kaifi a ƙarƙashin ɗaurin sa. An cire sharewar an haɗa tare da gyara tare da igiya, kuma an rufe wurin rigakafin da zane.
Bidiyo: tsagewa da rigakafin rigakafin ƙwayar cuta
Tsaga ƙasa da grafting
Za'a iya amfani da wannan hanyar a farkon matakai, alal misali, idan kuna buƙatar samun rigakafi kafin farkon Mayu. A scion akwati ne dug 20 cm, da suka wuce haddi Tushen ana cire. A cikin tsakiyar yanke, yi sashin giciye (tsagewa) na 4 cm, a cikin abin da aka saka rassan 1-2 na scion. Endsarshen waɗannan rassan suna da siffar sifa, kamar yadda a cikin hanyar da ta gabata. Yankin alurar riga kafi yakamata a rufe shi da yumbu, zaku iya rufe shi da polyethylene. Sama da itacen inabi an yayyafa shi da yashi, wanda zai ba da daji tare da kariya daga yanayin sanyi ko sanyi na bazara.
Jirgin ruwa inoculation
Hanya ce ta gaba mafi tsayi. Ba a yi rami na rigakafin tare da wuka ba, amma tare da rawar soja, wanda dole ne a fara lalata shi. Shtamb da aka yi amfani dashi a wannan hanyar ya kamata yalwatacce, zurfin rami daidai yake da wanda yakasance na al'ada. Reshe na yin allurar rigakafin an tsabtace na haushi a wurin da za a shigar da shi cikin ɓangaren da aka fasa. Bayan an haɗa scion da rootstock tare da juna, wannan ɓangaren itacen inabi an rufe shi da kwakwalwan kwamfuta kuma an ɗaura shi cikin yumɓu. Amfanin hanyar shine cewa ramin da aka haƙa yana samar da ƙamshin sulhu tsakanin sassan shuka. Kuma wannan, bi da bi, yana ƙaruwa da haɓakar rayuwar inabi.
Alurar bazara
A lokacin rani, ana iya yin rigakafin “baƙi zuwa kore” ko “kore zuwa kore”. A cikin yanayin farko, ana amfani da kayan girbi a cikin fall. Sprigs suna buƙatar sake farfadowa ta hanyar sanya ruwa cikin ruwa kwanaki. Yi amfani da alurar riga kafi kawai amfani da waɗancan scars ɗin waɗanda kodan zasu bayyana a wannan lokacin. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da hanyar tsagewa, yana mai da hankali ga daidaituwa lokacin girma na jari da scion. Lokacin da ya dace zai kasance daga tsakiyar watan Yuni zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuli.
Tare da kore-zuwa-kore hanya, ba lallai ba ne a shirya kayan grafting a gaba. Ana amfani da rassa waɗanda aka yanke daga itacen inabi tun kafin grafting. Lokaci - Yuni da Yuli.
Alurar riga kafi-da-kore ba ta buƙatar shirye-shiryen abu
Autumn innabi grafting
Alurar riga kafi a cikin fall za a iya za'ayi daga marigayi Agusta zuwa farkon Oktoba. Lura cewa yawan zafin jiki na iska bazai zama ƙasa da 15 bagame daC. Don yin rigakafi, ana amfani da wani tsohuwar daji, wanda zan so sabunta shi. An yanke jari kusan zuwa ginin, yana cire rassa zuwa matsakaicin. An datse yanki tare da daskararren zane kuma an kula da shi tare da maganin kashewa, to ana yin tsagewa akan sa. An shirya scion, kamar yadda a cikin bazara - ta hanyar sanya ruwa a cikin ruwa tare da kayan haɓaka mai haɓaka, bayan wannan bayyanar kodan da antennae. Yin amfani da yankuna da yawa za su kara saurin samun nasara. Don haɓaka yawan danshi da samar da ƙarin kariya daga sanyi bayan hanya, ya zama dole a yayyafa shuka tare da cakuda ƙasa da yashi ko kuma a cika ta da bambaro, fure, rassan tsiro.
Tare da rigakafin kaka, shekara mai zuwa yana yiwuwa a sami amfanin gona.
Dasa shuka
Itatuwa masu innabi suna zuwa nau'ikan biyu: suna kwance da ciyayi. Na farko su ne tsire-tsire masu shekaru guda ɗaya tare da gangar jikin huhun ciki, tare da ingataccen tsarin tushen da buds. An shuka su daga ƙarshen Maris har zuwa ƙarshen watan Afrilu. Seedlingsa'yan itaciya suna girma cikin tukwane tun cikin watan Fabrairu, kuma tushen tsarinsu har yanzu saurayi ne. Kuna buƙatar dasa waɗannan bushes a cikin lokutan dumama - ƙarshen Mayu ko Yuni.
Mataki-mataki na dasa shuki:
- An shirya rami don dasa, wanda ke da sigogi iri ɗaya a fadi da zurfin - 60-80 cm.
Rami don dasa inabi yana da sigogi iri ɗaya a faɗin da zurfin - kimanin 60-80 cm
- An saka wani magudanar ruwa a gindinta, sannan wani sinadari mai gina jiki daga cakuda ƙasa da humus, wanda yakamata ya zama tamped.
- A saman wannan Layer an ƙara 300 g na superphosphate da 3 l na itace ash gauraye tare.
- Mataki na ƙarshe shine cika ƙasa a rabi tare da yashi don samar da karamin tuddai.
- 'Ya'yan inabi, ana shuka su kusan wata guda bayan shiri na rami, lokacin da tsaunin ƙasa ke zaune.
- Kafin dasa, ana sa Tushen seedling a cikin daskararren yumɓu, sannan aka sanya daji a cikin rami.
Seedlings tare da rufaffiyar tushen tsarin aka shigar a cikin wani rami tare da dunƙule na duniya a kan asalinsu
- Tushen ya kamata a yada shi sosai kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa.
- Lokacin da aka yanke saman Layer, ana shayar da shuka tare da bulo uku na ruwa da aka yanke.
- Bayan wani lokaci, ana iya kwance ƙasa kuma a rufe ta da ciyawa.
Araha na iya girbin iri irin shuka
Inabi Mai Kula da Inabi
Kulawa da Jin daɗi baya haifar da matsaloli masu yawa ga mai gonar kuma ya haɗa da shayarwa, takin da shukar ving ɗin:
- Duk da gaskiyar cewa Jin daɗin yarda da lokacin bushewa da kyau, ana buƙatar danshi don hakan, musamman a lokacin girkin furanni da 'ya'yan itace. A wannan lokacin, kuma idan yanayin yayi zafi sosai, kuna buƙatar shayar da inabi 1 lokaci cikin kwanaki 3. Koyaya, idan yanki yana girma yana da yawan ruwan sama na halitta, yana da buƙatar zubar da danshi mai yawa ta amfani da tsarin magudanar ruwa;
- Wannan nau'in innabi daban-daban yana amsawa da kyau zuwa saman miya. Ana iya haɗuwa dashi da ƙwayoyin potassium-phosphorus da aka narke cikin ruwa. Matsakaici na babban miya - lokaci 1 a wata;
- ana iya yin kwalliyar kwalliya mai kyau a cikin bazara (a gabannin bude buds) da kuma a cikin fall, barin har zuwa idanu 10 a kan harbe. Erarancin idanu zai ragu (amma ba ƙasa da 3-4 ba), mafi girma zai zama goge da berries. Idan an yi pruning a cikin fall, yana da kyau ka bar kashi ɗaya bisa uku na harbe fiye da shawarar. Wannan zai ba da shuka damar dawo da sauri bayan mummunan hunturu ba tare da asara ba. Hakanan, kafin fure ya fara, tsunkule harbe don kada inabi ta yi girma, kuma yawancin abubuwan gina jiki sune inflorescences;
- Ptureaan Inabi yana nufin nau'in da bai buƙatar a rufe shi don hunturu ba. Amma ga matasa tsire-tsire, har yanzu ana bada shawara don yin wannan.
Nasiha
Ina girma da babbar sha'awa tun daga 2000. Yawancin abin dogaro ne sosai, kawai shekarar da ta gabata ya kasance Peas, don haka ba matsala. Ban taɓa ganin Mildyu ba duk tsawon shekaru na girma a kai, amma yana da abokantaka da oidium. A ƙarshen bazara, ina da daskarewa guda biyu, yawancin ire-iren sun sha wahala daga gare ta, kuma fyaucewa ya yi shi sosai. Yana rataye na dogon lokaci, sukari yana samun lafiya sosai, itacen inabin yana farfasa kusan tukwici. A kan rukunin yanar gizon na, babu wasu abubuwan mamaki bayan hunturu.
Antipov Vitaliy//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=88
Abin jin daɗi ya dace da rukunin yanar gizon na - yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka, farkon farfadowa, launi na Berry yana kusa da amber, yana da dandano mai kyau, amma ikonsa na sake farfadowa ba shi da kyau sosai - daskararre rooty bushes a cikin hunturu na 2006 "sake haduwa" a farkon Yuli. Don lokacin hunturu Ina amfani da tsararren haske na spunbond don Jin daɗi.
Andrew//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=416
Tare da ƙarancin lokaci da kuɗi, pturea grapesan grapesa grapesan inabi sun fi ƙarfin gode wa mai watsa shiri. Idan kuna zaune a cikin tsakiyar Rasha ko kuma yankuna mafi tsananin, to, wannan ba dalili bane don hana kanku daga berries mai zaki da hannu. Kuma kuma, yana yiwuwa a yi ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai laushi ko giya na gida daga gare su.
