Shuka tumatir a cikin Urals ba aiki mai sauƙi ba ne, kuma wannan ya faru ne sakamakon ɗan gajeren lokacin zafi, har da mummunan canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki na iska. Ko da yake, da aka ba da nasarorin da masu shayarwa ke samar da iri mai ɗorewa da iri, yana da sauƙin shuka amfanin tumatir mai inganci ko da a cikin ƙasa mai budewa. Aƙalla, waɗannan kayan lambu a cikin Urals sun daina zama m na dogon lokaci.
Yanayin tumatir girma a cikin Urals
Gabaɗaya dai, yankuna daban-daban da kuma jumhuriya ta Urals suna da yanayin wurare daban-daban. Yanayin arewa da kudanci na yankin Ural ya sha bamban da juna. Ana amfani da Urals ta Arewa ta yanayin yanayi mai tsananin zafi, yayin da ɓangaren kudu ya dace da aikin lambu mai nasara, gami da namo nau'ikan tumatir tare da dogon lokacin girki.
Yanayin da ke tsakiyar Urals bai dace sosai ba don dasa tumatir a cikin ƙasa mara kariya: lokacin rashi da yanayin iska mara kyau ya wuce ƙasa da watanni uku. Duk da haka, ba wani lambu kayan lambu ba zai iya yin ba tare da tumatir a cikin Urals. Gaskiya ne, an shuka su ne a cikin yanayin greenhouse; A cikin ƙasa mara kariya, batun aikin ginin matsugunai na wucin gadi, mafi yawancin nau'ikan da suka fi dacewa suna da lokaci don yabanya.
A mafi yawan yankuna Urals, an fi son nau'ikan tumatir da matasan da ke zamani, waɗanda ke da matukar zafi da tsaurin canje-canje a yanayin yanayi. Irin waɗannan, alal misali, matsanancin cikakke Boni-M, tsakiyar lokacin Velozma da Malinovka, farkon cikakke Raspberry Viscount da Arewa, tsakiyar farkon Smilyansky Rudas da sauransu.Daɗaɗɗan tsohuwar, nau'ikan da suka cancanci, alal misali, Alpatyeva 905 A, Quiz, Volgogradets, Gruntovy Gribovsky 11 , Prebercious Siberian, Farin farin, da sauransu.
Ilasa Gribovsky, ba shakka, ba shine mafi kyawun tumatir ba, amma dandanorsa yana da kyau, kuma fasahar aikin gona mai sauƙi ce
Inda yanayin ya yi kama da yanayin yankin tsakiya, suna ƙoƙarin dasa shuki da keɓaɓɓun iri a cikin ƙasa mai kariya, da tumatir masu tsayi a cikin gidajen ƙasa. A cikin yanayin Urals ta Tsakiya, kuma musamman a arewa, ana amfani da nau'ikan iri iri, tunda ana shuka su gaba aya a cikin gidajen kora. Gidaje masu zafi na zamani suna iya yin aiki kusan shekara-shekara, yayin da greenhouses na gargajiya na fim, ciki har da waɗanda aka yi a gida, na iya ƙara tsawon lokacin tumatir da misalin wata guda idan aka kwatanta da ƙasa buɗe, amma wannan ma ya isa ya sami wadataccen abu don Urals.
Shuka seedlings
Abu ne mai wahalar samun tumatir ba tare da tsiro ba, har ma da ƙari a cikin Urals. Amma shirya tsararren seedlingsa atan gidaje a gida aiki ne wanda yake abu mai wahala ne ga kowane mai lambu; aƙalla, yanayin zafin jiki na wani ɗakin gari na birni yana da matukar dacewa da wannan.
Wani lokaci da yadda ake shuka tsaba don shuka
Ya kamata ku yi gasa tare da shuka tumatir. Idan kun fara yin wannan da wuri, zaku iya shiga cikin yanayin lokacin da tsire-tsire suna shirye, kuma yanayin yanayi bai riga ya ba ku damar dasa shi ba a gonar. Lingsalingsan tumatir iri-iri na tumatir ya kamata su kasance cikin kwalaye ko tukwane na kwanaki 45 zuwa 60. A cikin yanayin Ural, nau'in farkon ana shuka mafi yawanci, 'ya'yan itacen waɗanda waɗanda ke tsiro watanni 3-3.5 bayan shuka. Seedlingsauransu a cikin Urals, har ma a cikin greenhouse, ana iya shuka su ba tare da tsoro ba kawai a ƙarshen Mayu. Idan ka ƙara sati ɗaya don ƙwaya, to, ya zama cewa shuka don shuka ya kamata ba a farkon ƙarshen Maris ba.
Game da nau'ikan nau'ikan matsanancin balaga (Biathlon, Gavrosh, da dai sauransu), zaku iya jira wani mako, in ba haka ba kuna buƙatar dasa shuki tare da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin kwayoyi, kuma zai fi wahalar ɗauka a cikin sabon wuri. Ana iya canja Seedajin Seedlings don buɗe ƙasa kawai a tsakiyar watan Yuni, saboda haka ba shi da daraja shuka tsaba a baya fiye da farkon farkon Afrilu.
Mixasa hadewa
Za'a iya samun tumatir a kusan kowace ƙasa, amma dole ne ya sami ƙarfin danshi da nutsuwa. Cakuda peat, humus da ƙasa mai kyau, waɗanda aka ɗauka daidai suke da yawa, sun cika waɗannan buƙatu. An kuma ɗauki ɗan itace na itace a kan guga na wannan cakuda, bayan wannan, watakila, ba za a buƙaci 'yan seedlings da ciyar ba. Neutarfafa ƙasa na ƙasa ta zubar da ruwan hoda na maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin haƙƙi yana ba da tabbacin lalata yiwuwar kwayar cutar.
Idan adadin ƙwayoyin cuta yayi ƙanana, yana da sauƙin saya ƙasa a cikin shagon
Tankunan seedling
Kuna iya shuka iri kai tsaye a cikin tukwane na mutum, zai fi dacewa peat, amma a al'adance ana yin shuka ne da farko a cikin kananan kwalaye ko akwatina, daga ina, a kwanakin 10-12 na shekaru, ana shuka shuka (nutsewa) a cikin "ɗakunan gidaje" ko a cikin babban akwati. Daukana (wurin zama tare da matsi da tushe) yana da matukar amfani a kan ci gaban tumatir.
Akwatin akwatunan wucin gadi da suka fi dacewa sune akwatunan kwali na rectangular wanda aka yi da madara ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Cutaya daga cikin manyan gefen an yanke su a cikinsu, kuma an yi ramuka da yawa a akasin haka. Yana da mahimmanci cewa tsayin ƙasa ƙasa ya zama cm 5. Kuma don nutsewa, idan tsirrai ƙanana ne, zaku iya siyan tukwane masu matsakaici ko amfani da kowane filastik ko kofuna waɗanda ke da ƙarfin 250 ml ko fiye. Idan akwai da yawa bushes, kuma babu isasshen sarari a kan windowsill, ana yin akwatunan katako na kowane girman dacewa, tare da tsawo na 8 cm ko fiye,
Tsarin iri
Yawancin lokaci tsaba da aka siyar a cikin jaka an riga an shirya su don shuka kuma babu abin da ake buƙatar yi tare da su. Koyaya, wannan koyaushe ba mai kyau bane ga yanayin Urals: Anan ne dole ne a taurare tsaba kafin a shuka. Kuma hardening ya ƙunshi akalla pre-soaring kafin kumburi. Saboda haka, sayen wadatattun tsaba ba zai yuwu ta fuskar tattalin arziki ba. Tare da sayan, har ma fiye da haka tare da tsaba, yana da kyau a gudanar da duk ayyukan shirya. Wannan shi ne:
- Sifantawa Hanya mafi sauki ita ce girgiza tsaba a cikin 3% ruwan gishiri. Wadancan tsaba da basu nutsuwa bayan 'yan mintuna kada a dasa su. Bayan wannan hanya, dole ne a rinka fitar da tsaba da ruwa mai tsabta.
Wanda ke “babban-sa ido” na iya yin girbi mafi girma da hannu, amma yin amfani da bayani mai sauƙin sauƙi
- Rashin kamuwa da cuta. Ana aiwatar da shi na minti 20-25 a cikin duhu mai duhu na potassiumganganate, sannan an sake wanke tsaba da ruwa.
Don ingantaccen ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, maganin potassium mai mahimmanci dole ne duhu
- Jiƙa a cikin wani bushe ruwa har sai wasu daga tsaba ƙyanƙyashe.
Babu buƙatar jira don bayyanar asalin Tushen: zai zama da wuya a yi aiki tare da irin waɗannan tsaba
- Wuya. Lokacin da tsaba da yawa suka nuna tushen, an sanya dukkanin tsaba a cikin zane iri ɗaya a cikin firiji don kwanaki 2-3. Lokaci-lokaci ana fitar da su cikin wuta don 2-3 hours kuma a sake baya.
Shuka tsaba
An shuka tsaba da aka shirya a cikin akwati ko akwati zuwa zurfin kusan 1.5 cm. Hanya mafi sauƙi don yin wannan shine kamar haka.
- Abubuwan da aka tsara a cikin ƙasa sun zuba cikin akwatin, tsagi na zurfin da ake buƙata, 4-5 cm daga juna. An shimfida tsaba da aka shirya a cikinsu kowane 2.5-3 cm.
Don shuka dozin ko tsaba guda biyu, kowane akwatin da ba dole ba ya dace
- Cika tsaba tare da ƙasa, kuma daga bisa sa 3-4 cm dusar ƙanƙara. Idan babu shi a can, kawai a shayar da amfanin gona, amma a irin wannan hanyar kar a wanke hatsarin daga bazata.
Idan aka narke, dusar ƙanƙara a ko'ina yana ɗaukar ƙasa, hakanan yana da sakamako mai tasiri
- Sun rufe akwatin tare da gilashi kuma aika zuwa wuri mai dumi, mafi yawan zafin jiki shine kimanin 25 game daC.
- Seedlings zai bayyana a cikin kalla a mako. Ana canja akwatin nan da nan zuwa sill taga sosai. Don kwanaki 4-5, kuna buƙatar saukar da zazzabi yayin rana zuwa 16-18 ° C, kuma da dare wani digiri 2-3 a ƙasa. Bayan haka, sannu a hankali ku ƙara shi zuwa 20-24 game daC.
Bai kamata ku jira dukkanin seedlings su bayyana ba: fewan firstan farkon sune alama don saukar da zazzabi
Tumatir seedling kula
Idan makon farko na rayuwar seedling (a cikin haske da sanyin sanyi) ya tafi cikin natsuwa, ƙarin kulawa da shi baya gabatar da manyan matsaloli. Yana da mahimmanci kada a ɗaga zafin jiki sama da yawan zafin jiki na ɗakuna kuma ku ba seedlings kyakkyawan hasken. Hasken rana bai buƙatar tsawaita wucin gadi ba, amma hasken hasken ya isa. Wataƙila kuna buƙatar kunna fitilar baya, amma ba hasken wutar lantarki ba. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine phytolamps na musamman.
Watse
Watering seedlings ya zama rare kuma matsakaici. Babban kuskuren shine cika seedlings kafin a sanya ruwa. A lokaci guda, hadarin rasa tsire-tsire ya kai kashi 100%. Yawan ambaliyar yana da matukar muhimmanci musamman lokacin da har yanzu ƙananan seedlings ba su da ƙarfi, kuma an haɗa shi da rashin zafi da haske. A wannan yanayin, cutar da ƙafa baƙar fata da kuma mutuwar mutuwar kusan dukkanin seedlings kusan tabbas ne.
Watering ne da za'ayi a lokacin da kasar gona surface ne a fili bushe. Dole ne a sha ruwa mai ɗumi (25-30) game daC) kuma zauna. Yana da wuya a ambaci mita na sha, amma wannan ba tabbas kowace rana. Ruwa na yau da kullun, yana faruwa, ana buƙatar kawai a cikin makonni na ƙarshe kafin dasa shuki a gonar, idan seedlings a fili sun fashe, kuma a cikin akwatin an cika maƙil.
Manyan miya
Idan ƙasa na shuka an hada shi daidai, zaka iya yi ba tare da ciyarwa ba: ƙona ciyawar seedlings ta fi waɗanda suke girma akan abincin abinci abinci. Amma idan seedlings girma a hankali da ganye da kuma curl ko juya rawaya, saman miya wajibi ne. Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da kowane takaddun hadaddun, kuma wani lokacin isa ash.
A cewar ka’idodin, ana aiwatar da ciyarwar farko da sati biyu zuwa biyu bayan nutsewa, ya fi sauƙi a yi amfani da azofos. Mai zuwa - kawai lokacin da ya cancanta. Koyaya, yana da kyau kada a saita nitrogen: ba lallai bane a ba da damar seedlings su girma a cikin manyan bishiyoyi waɗanda ke da wahalar shuka a cikin ƙasa. Amma ash jiko za a iya shayar mako biyu kafin disembarkation a gonar.
Zaba
Pickling babban so ne, idan ba lallai ba ne, mataki ne a cikin narkar da tumatir. Idan an canza seedlings zuwa kofuna daban, ikon su, na nau'ikan tumatir daban-daban, ya kamata ya kasance daga 250 zuwa 700 ml, idan a cikin babban akwati - nisan dake tsakanin tsirrai akalla 7 cm.
Yawancin tukwici suna ba da shawarar cewa an ɗauki hoto a cikin lokaci na ganye na ganye na gaske. Kodayake ni da kaina na sami sauƙin yin wannan kaɗan kaɗan. Idan ƙasa tana da kyau, to, bayan mako guda, a ƙarƙashin halayen da suka dace, tumatir suna girma Tushen, ganyayyaki da ake tsammanin suna fitowa kawai.
Makonni 2-3 kafin a yi tiyata, ana shayar da 'yantattun abubuwa masu kyau. A cikin sabon kwantena, ana yin ramuka tare da abu mai kaifi, kuma an sanya ƙananan rago waɗanda aka sanya su a ciki. Kafin dasa shuki, an ɗan daidaita ƙwayar ɗan ƙaramin abu tare da almakashi ko ƙusa (1-1.5 cm) na tushen tsakiyar (idan ya riga ya yi girma, zai iya zama rabi). 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itace suna shukawa har sai cotyledonous ganye suna sama da ƙasa sosai. A hankali matsi da tushen kuma shayar da seedlings tare da dumi ruwa. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, seedlings ba su ba da haske mai ƙarfi, sannan kuma sun ci gaba da yin komai, kamar yadda ya gabata.
Mafi kyawun kwantena na nutse shine tukwane na peat, amma kawai suna ɗaukar sarari da yawa
Wuya
Kwanaki 12-15 kafin dasa shuki a gonar, tumatir sun saba da yanayi mai wahala: da farko sukan buɗe windows, sannan kuma su fitar da su zuwa baranda. Tabbas, yawan zafin jiki a can ya kamata a kalla 10 game daC, da lokacin hardening ya kamata a haɓaka sannu a hankali: da farko game da minti 20, sannan - don duk ranar. Bugu da kari, a cikin satin da ya gabata, an ma shuka kwayar cutar rashin ruwa, wanda suke rage adadin ruwa. Kyakkyawan tsire-tsire bai kamata ya zama tsayi da kodadde ba. Yakamata ya zama ya karaya, yana da ganye kore mai duhu akan kara kara.
Dasawa seedlings a cikin lambu
Kuna iya dasa shuki a cikin lambu lokacin da ƙasa a zurfin 10-15 cm warms har zuwa akalla 14 game daC. A lokaci guda, yawan zafin jiki a cikin rana ya kamata ya kasance kusan 21-25 game daC. Saboda haka, har ma a tsakiyar Urals, kafin ƙarshen Mayu, dasa shuki a cikin lambu yawanci ba lallai ba ne. Kuma kamar wannan, ba tare da tsari ba, dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa wanda ba shi da kariya zai iya zama haɗari har ma a tsakiyar watan Yuni. Saboda haka, yana da kyau a gina greenhousean ƙaramin kore daga kowane kayan da ke kusa don rufe plantings tare da fim ko kayan da ba saka ba. Kodayake, hakika, kowace shekara ba lallai ba ne, yana da kyau a busa cikin ruwa ...
Darajar zazzabi ta shafi duka bude da kariya. Sabili da haka, a cikin tsire-tsire na kore ana iya shuka yawancin lokaci a tsakiyar ko ƙarshen Mayu. Amma a cikin yankuna na arewacin, har ma a cikin greenhouse, yana da mahimmanci don ba da gadaje masu dumi wanda akan sanyaya wucin gadi ba tsoron tumatir.
Dankana masu ɗumi suna daɗaɗɗen kwayoyin halitta waɗanda aka saka cikin ƙasa (ganye, ciyayi, datti, taki, da dai sauransu), waɗanda a warmari suna ɗora Tushen tsirrai lokacin da suka lalace.
Tumatir suna son gadaje mai cike da hasken da ke kariya daga iskar arewa. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa ruwa mai ƙasa ba yana kusa da farfajiya ba, ƙasa ba ta lalacewa ba. Mafi kyawun magabata sune legumes, kabeji, kayan lambu, saladi. Ana shirya gadaje da dadewa kafin dasa shuki, kayan yaji da takin zamani. Tumatir da gaske suna buƙatar phosphorus, don haka koda sun sarrafa tare da humus da itacen ash, 30-40 g na superphosphate da 1 m2 ba zai zama superfluous.
A cikin Ural, al'ada ce ta dasa tumatir da ɗanɗano fiye da yankuna masu zafi. Don haka, nau'ikan haɓaka-ƙananan ana shuka su ne ta hanyar 30-35 cm, tsayi-ta zuwa 45 cm, tare da kewayon tsaka-tsaki na 50-60 cm Wannan ya faru ne, a tsakanin al'aura, da buƙata ta rufe tsiron daga danshi. Yi ƙoƙari ya sauka da yamma ko a cikin yanayi mai hadari.
Rijiyoyin da aka haƙa a gaba suna shayar da ruwa sosai, kuma seedlings ana shayar da su. Suna ƙoƙarin cire seedlings tare da babban dunƙule na ƙasa: mafi daidai wannan ana yi, da sauri zai ɗauki tushe. Idan seedlings sun yi girma, ba lallai ne ka yi ta tono ramuka ba, amma rami ne wanda ake shuka tumatir cikin obliquely. Amma ya fi kyau kada ku kawo shi wannan, amma don yin shuka mai kyau kuma ku dasa shi a tsaye, kawai dan ƙara zurfafa. Bayan dasa tumatir, a kalla rabin guga na ruwa ana zuba a kowane rami, bayan wannan ba a taɓa su har mako guda.
Duk yadda kasan turbaya zata kasance, da sauri seedlings zai dauki tushe a gonar
Gaskiya ne, “kar ku taɓa” yana nufin yanayi mai kyau. Idan akwai zafi, dole ne ka ruwa a cikin rana. Idan dusar ƙanƙara da dare - rufe tsire-tsire da dare kuma cire tsari a cikin rana. Zaku iya cire tsari gaba daya bayan kusan Yuni 20. Bugu da kari, don nau'ikan tsayi, yana da daraja nan da nan tuki a cikin hadarurruka don tying, ko kuma samfuran manya-manyan ya kamata a ɗaure su kai tsaye.
Tsarin shuka
Hanyar marasa girma na tumatir na ƙara yin amfani da ita ta hanyar alaƙa da fitowar sababbin iri da kuma hybrids waɗanda ke da tsayayya da sanyi kuma suna yankan sauri. A cikin Urals, wannan fasaha ba mai sauƙin amfani ba ne, amma a ƙa'ida ana amfani da shi. Ya na da fa'idodi na fili wanda ya danganta da gaskiyar cewa tsire-tsire ba dole ne su ɗanɗana damuwa lokacin da suke canza wurin zama ba, kuma an kuɓutar da shugabar daga buƙatun ta ɗauka duk wuraren da za a iya samu a cikin ɗaki tare da masu jan ruwa da shuki.
Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa bude
Tabbas, a cikin Urals, hanyar da ba za ta iya yiwuwa ba kawai tare da yin amfani da mafakar fim na ɗan lokaci. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin greenhouse tare da fim na ninki a ƙarshen Afrilu ko a farkon Mayu. Tunda ana amfani da wannan dabara don dasa shuki na farkon yanke hukunci, za a iya shirya ramuka daidai, a nesa da kusan 30 cm daga juna (a cikin tsarin duba), wanda ke sauƙaƙe ginin mafaka.
An shirya gado a gaba: da zaran yanayi ya yarda, an zuba shi da ruwan zafi kuma an rufe shi da fim don dumama. Ana sanya tsaba 4-5 a cikin rami zuwa zurfin kusan 1.5 cm, an shayar da shi da ruwa mai dumi kuma an sake rufe shi da fim.
Madadin fim, don kada a sanya ido ga fitowar shuka, zaku iya rufe kowane rijiya tare da kwalban filastik mai yanke, amma a saman gonar ta wata hanya, a saman kwalabe, murfin farko da fim ko spanbond.
Kula da irin waɗannan albarkatu na yau da kullun, amma dole ne ku kula da yanayin kullun: ko dai cire tsari, sannan ku mayar da shi wurin da yake. Lokacin da lokaci ya yi, an ba da ƙananan 1-2 a cikin ramuka. Ba a ɗaukar hoto, ana shayar da bushes kamar yadda ake buƙata. Ta wannan hanyar, tumatir suna girma sosai lokacin da ake magana a kan na gida gida, amma kai 'ya'yan itace 2-3 makonni daga baya. Tabbas, adadin nau'ikan da suka dace da wannan yana iyakantacce, amma akwai yalwa da zaɓar daga, alal misali: Reckless, Vologda Harvest, Iceberg, Fashewa, Amur Dawn, Apples a cikin Dusar kankara.
Shuka tsaba a cikin greenhouse
Shuka tsaba a cikin greenhouse ana aiwatar da su daidai kamar yadda a cikin ƙasa buɗe, kawai za a iya yin hakan a ɗan lokaci kaɗan, kuma kewayon nau'ikan yiwu yana faɗaɗa da ɗan. Wuri a cikin gidan gona mai tsada yana da tsada, don haka lambu ke ƙoƙarin dasawa a can ba kawai keɓaɓɓun iri ba ne don yin cikakken amfani da ɗayan nauyin koren.
Domin kada ya zama masanan basu ji dadin, yana da kyau a maye gurbin ƙasa ta kore tun daga faɗuwa, kuma idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, sai a datse tsohuwar ta hanyar samar da maganin potassiumgangan ko ƙwayar tagulla. A cikin bazara, ana shirya gadaje ta hanyar gabatar da isasshen adadin takin a cikin ƙasa da kuma ɗora su a gaba. Za a iya shuka daskarewa a cikin greenhouse, amma ba su yi ƙoƙarin barin fiye da 50 cm tsakanin ramuka ba.
Kulawa
Lokacin da ake kula da tumatir, ana gudanar da ayyukan sanannun masu lambu: yin ruwa, kayan miya, ciyawa, da dai sauransu, ga waɗancan nau'ikan da ke girma cikin ƙananan bushes ba da yawa ba, ana yin ginin shuka da garter ga kayan tallafin.
Noma waje
Ba a iya ɗaukar tumatir azaman gyada, amma dole ne a shayar dasu sau da yawa, aƙalla sau ɗaya a mako. Zai fi kyau a yi haka da maraice, lokacin da ruwa a cikin tankuna ke daɗaya da rana. Yawan ruwan ya dogara da yanayi da nau'in ƙasa, amma ba za ku iya cika gado kafin kuyi ruwa ba. Karfin bushewa na kasar gona kada a yarda dashi, musamman a lokacin da ake furanni da girma 'ya'yan itatuwa. An shayar da shi har ƙasa ta kasance mai daɗi zuwa ga ƙasan tushen mazaunin duka. A lokacin ripening 'ya'yan itace, ana rage yawan ruwa sosai.
Har zuwa bushes sun girma, bayan kowace ruwa ko ruwan sama, an kwance ƙasa, yana bin hanya tare da sauƙaƙe shinge na tsirrai da lalata ciyawar. Makonni biyu bayan dasa shuki, an ciyar da tumatir, sannan kuma ana maimaita aikin kowane mako biyu. A farkon rabin bazara, tumatir suna buƙatar duk abubuwan gina jiki, to, sun ware nitrogen. Sabili da haka, zabar girke-girke, da farko ba a iyakance su da amfani da kwayoyin ba, amma bayan 'ya'yan itacen sun fashe, sai superphosphate da ash ash kawai suka rage.
Ash ash itace mafi mahimmanci kuma kusan takin kyauta
A cikin Urals, suna ƙoƙarin haɓaka nau'in cututtukan da ke iya kamuwa da cuta, amma a ƙarshen bazara barazanar ƙarshen bazara tana da girma ga kowane tumatir. Sabili da haka, yayyafawa ta hanawa, aƙalla tare da Fitosporin-low hadarin ko ana ɗaukar su kamar sau biyu. Tare da farko na sanyi dare, idan ya rigaya ya yiwu a rufe tsire-tsire, sai a cire duk tumatir, gami da waɗanda ba su da cikakke, kuma a kawo ƙarshen kakar akan wannan bayanin.
Yawancin nau'ikan yanke shawara waɗanda suke ƙoƙarin shuka a cikin Urals a cikin ƙasa buɗe, kusan basu buƙatar samuwar bushes. Koyaya, zai fi kyau a karanta game da wannan a cikin bayanin nau'ikan iri. Wataƙila a jaka tare da tsaba za'a rubuta cewa an kafa shuka a cikin biyu ko uku mai tushe. A wannan yanayin, zai zama dole a bar ɗaya ko biyu daga cikin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi (mafi ƙarancin ƙananan ƙananan), kuma an cire sauran tsari.
Tataccen tumatir ba sa buƙatar ɗaure shi, dole ne a ɗaura sauran a cikin turaku masu ƙarfi.
Baya ga pinching, kamar yadda bushes ke girma, dole ne a cire karin ganye. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin Urals, saboda ana shuka bushes ne mai kauri fiye da yadda aka saba, kuma tsire-tsire masu kauri sun fi kamuwa da cuta. Wuce haddi bar jinkirta da ripening 'ya'yan itatuwa. Saboda haka, yayin da suke juya launin rawaya, ganye suna tsagewa ta hanyar tsari, farawa daga ƙananan ƙananan.
Akwai dabaru daban-daban na samuwar tumatir bushes; a lokacin nishadi, kowane dan lambu yakamata ya karanci litattafai masu dacewa
Noma gidan kore
Kula da tumatir a cikin gidan gona yana kama da wanda yake a cikin ƙasa mara buɗe, amma yana da wasu fasali. An haɗa su da gaskiyar cewa wannan al'ada tana ƙaunar ƙasa mai laushi, amma fi son busassun iska. Idan gumi ya wuce 70%, yana yuwuwar sauke furanni. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a sanyaya a cikin iska a tsare ta hanyar iska. Wannan yana nufin cewa tumatir na tumatir na kore ga waɗannan mazaunan bazara waɗanda ke iya ziyartar shafin kawai a ƙarshen mako ne gaba ɗaya bai dace ba.
Beudan zuma da wuya tashi zuwa cikin gidan kore, saboda haka ya kamata a taimaka wa furanni fure. Yi wannan ta kawai girgiza bushes wani lokacin. Bayan fure a cikin gidan kore, dole ne ya fesa bushes tare da ruwa na Bordeaux: abin da ke faruwa na cututtukan fungal a cikin ƙasa mai kariya yana sama da gonar da aka buɗe.
Attentionarin hankali ya zama dole a biya shi zuwa gidajen matattara da samuwar bushes. Mafi sau da yawa, tsayi, iri iri waɗanda ba a shuka ana shuka su a cikinsu, kuma suna da ikon haɓaka haɓaka. Sabili da haka, ana buƙatar ƙoshin ma'anar girma yayin da tsawo daga cikin daji ya isa mafi ƙaranci an ƙara shi don cire matakai. Kuna buƙatar cire ƙarin ganye har ma fiye da a cikin ƙasa buɗe: bayan duk, haske a cikin gidan kore yana ƙasa, kuma don 'ya'yan itacen su ba da amfani, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar mafi yawan buɗewar su ga rana.
Bidiyo: tumatir na kore a cikin Urals
Cutar da kwari
Abin takaici, tumatir ba za a iya kiranta da al'adar da ba ta da matsala ba: jerin cututtukan da kwari suke ciki suna da ban sha'awa sosai, la’akari da wannan matsalar ta fi karfin wannan labarin. Ko da a takaice mun ambaci cututtukan da ke da haɗari, ya juya cewa ya kamata muyi magana game da fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta. Cutar na iya farawa tare da lalacewar kowane bangare na shuka, amma a mafi yawan lokuta tana yaduwa zuwa ɗaukacin daji. Ana iya haɗa abubuwa masu zuwa cikin jerin cututtukan cututtukan tumatir gama gari.
- Mosaic cuta ce mai haɗari da hoto, hoto a farkon farkon bayyana a cikin hanyar ganye ganye da kuma bayyanar launin rawaya-launin shuɗi akan su, wanda sannan yada zuwa mai tushe da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Jiyya iri kafin shuka ƙwayar potassium ta dindindin na rage haɗarin cutar. Cutar ba ta da magani, ya kamata a cire tsire-tsire masu ƙwayar cuta daga shafin da wuri-wuri kuma a hallaka.
Musa, kamar kusan kowace cuta ta hoto, ba za a iya bi da shi ba
- Late Blight wata sananniyar cuta ce ta fungal wacce ta bayyana kanta kusa da kaka a lokacin sanyi da ruwa. Bayyanar cututtuka alamun launin ruwan kasa ne wanda ke bayyana akan ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Yin rigakafin cutar ta ƙunshi yin biyayya ga yanayin zafin jiki da yanayin zafi, rage ban ruwa na ganye, da kuma feshin tsire-tsire masu hana ruwa. Folk magunguna don wannan sune whey da tafarnuwa jiko tare da karamin Bugu da kari na potassium permanganate. Mafi yawan shirye-shiryen da suka fi dacewa sune Fitosporin da Barrier, da ruwa na Bordeaux, amma ana iya amfani dasu tun kafin girbin ya fashe.
Haske - tumatir na bulala a kowane yanki mai sanyi
- Vertex rot - wata cuta ce mafi yawan lokuta da aka nuna ta yawan zafin jiki da rashin ruwa a cikin ƙasa, haka kuma maganin yunwa da sinadarin alli. A saman tayin, wani farin tabo mai launin da ke a ciki wanda abin ke kewayen tayin zai fara. Matsalar ita ce 'ya'yan itaciyar da abin ya shafa cikin sauƙi ta dauko wasu cututtukan. Yin rigakafin ya ƙunshi ingantacciyar fasahar noma; a matsayin mai mulkin, gyaran tsarin mulki yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa rot ba ya kafa akan sabon 'ya'yan itace.
Vertex rot sau da yawa yakan faru a kan 'ya'yan fari na farko, amma sai ya zama karami
- Powdery mildew yayi kama da na sauran tsire-tsire kayan lambu: farin ƙura akan ganyayyaki. Sannan ya shiga cikin ulcers, ganyayyaki ya bushe ya mutu. Kuna iya warkar da cutar: saboda wannan, magungunan jama'a (infusions na tafarnuwa ko ash), da kuma kwayoyi mafi girma: Fundazole ko Topaz sun dace. Yana da mahimmanci idan akwai cuta don dakatar da ciyar da nitrogen, da haɓaka adadin phosphorus da potassium.
Powdery mildew ba shine cutar mafi haɗari ba, amma dole ne a bi da shi nan da nan
Mafi munin kwaro, wataƙila, bears - wata babbar tsuntsaye masu ban tsoro da ke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma tana jin ƙyamar tsiro, bayan haka ta faɗo ta bushe. Medvedka yana ƙaunar ya shirya kusa da tafkunan, yana son ƙasa mai laushi. Lokacin da ina da gidan rani a kan bakin tafkin, dole ne a lalata bear a cikin ɗaruruwan, kowane inji ana dasa shi a cikin akwatin kariya wanda aka yi da polyethylene mai laushi ko ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Abu ne mai wuya matuƙar wahalar kawar da beyar, kodayake akwai hanyoyi da yawa da aka ƙirƙira. A bayyane yake, magungunan da suka fi tasiri sune Thunder da Medvetox.
Kindaya daga cikin beyar yana haifar da tsoro da firgici
Daga cikin sauran kwari, masu zuwa suna da daraja ambata.
- Chafer irin ƙwaro (Khrushchev) babban ƙwaro irin ƙwaro ne, tsutsarsa kuma mai girma ne (farin fleshy halitta). Yana zaune a cikin ƙasa, yana ciyar da tushen tsirrai, gami da tumatir, wanda yawanci yakan kai ga mutuwarsu. Baya ga murkushe na inji na larvae lokacin tono ƙasa, zaka iya amfani da shirye-shiryen Antichrush da Rembek.
Maybug yana matukar son kama yara, amma kwaro ne mai haɗari
- Aphids sune ɗayan kwari na ganye. Wannan kwari karami ne, amma yana zaune cikin manyan yankuna. Canza launi - daga kore zuwa baƙi. Saurin yankewa a jikin ganye, aphids sun tsotse ruwan ɗinsu daga tsirrai, wanda hakan kan iya kaiwa ga mutuwa. Aphid yana jin tsoron jiko na taba, amma tare da mamayewa mai yawa kawai kwari na guba, alal misali Confidor maxi, taimako.
Lokacin da akwai aphids da yawa, Hakanan yana motsa zuwa saman farfajiya na ganye, yana lalata su da sauri
- Gizo-gizo gizo-gizo kwari ne kwari a bushe, yanayi mai zafi. Yana yin amfani da ganyen ganyen, sannan kuma ya tsotse ruwan a cikinsu. Jiko na albasa kwasfa ko tafarnuwa dogara fitar da kwaro. Idan ya kasance mai yawa ne, wajibi ne don amfani da Fitoverm ko Actellik.
Daga cikin ganyayyaki, yanar gizo tafi sauran sassan daji, rufe bayanan 'ya'yan itatuwa
Girbi da adanawa
A cikin Urals, bai kamata ku jira tumatir don ya cika cikakku ba a cikin bushes. Dole ne a cire su marasa tushe, kuma wani lokacin har ma da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, in ba haka ba kuna iya rasa rabon adalci na amfanin gona. Amma tumatir ya girma sosai a yanayin yanayi, kwance a kan windowsill, kuma ta haka ne 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka ripened ta wannan hanya ba su da yawa mafi sharri daga waɗanda sagged har sai sun cika ripened a kan bushes. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, tumatir mai launin ruwan kasa gaba daya "kai" a cikin daya da rabi zuwa makonni biyu.
A lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci a faɗakarwa game da cin ainihin tumatir kore. Idan sun riga sun girma zuwa matsakaicin darajar da suka fi dacewa, suna da alama za su iya yin huda idan aka cire su, ko da yake dandano ba zai zama iri ɗaya ba. Idan aka tsince 'ya'yan itatuwa kore da wuri, da alama za su narke ko su lalace. Don farkon iri-ripening, wannan zaɓi bai kamata a yi la’akari da shi koda a cikin yanayin Urals ba: suna da lokaci zuwa ripen akan bushes kusan cikakke, amma tare da nau'in matsakaici ko matsakaici na ƙarshen ripening, dole ne mutum yayi hankali. Koyaya, idan zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa 5-6 game daZai fi kyau cire duk 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka girma.
Alamar farko ta marigayi blight alama ce ta cikakkiyar tarin tumatir mai cikakke-da bushewa da kuma cire bushes, koda sun bayyana ko da farkon farkon watan Agusta. Abin takaici, a wannan lokacin, tumatir a cikin Urals sun rigaya suna da wahala don ajiyewa, dole ne ku kasance da gamsuwa da yadda kuka yi nasara. Kuma ya fi kyau kada a shuka iri-iri a nan.
Tomatoesarshen tumatir na ƙarshe ana shimfiɗa su ko da a ƙarƙashin gado; da yawa daga cikinsu suna da lokacin yin jayayya
Rayuwar shiryayye na tumatir masu ɗanɗano ya zama ƙarami: a ɗakin zazzabi don yawancin nau'ikan bai wuce makonni 1-2 ba. Koyaya, idan kun ɗauka ba su bushe da tsabtataccen 'ya'yan itatuwa kuma a hankali sanya su a cikin akwati na katako tare da murfi a rufe, to, a cikin sanyi, ɗakin da ke motsa jiki suna iya yin bacci har zuwa watanni biyu. Ana adana tumatir mai ɗanɗano kaɗan ko daɗewa idan kowannensu yana nannade cikin takarda kuma ana haɗa shi cikin akwatin da aka rufe da bambaro, wanda aka sa a cikin duhu cellar. Irin waɗannan tumatir, waɗanda aka fitar a kan Disamba 27-28, na iya zama ado na teburin Sabuwar Shekara.
Bidiyo: shan tumatir a cikin Urals
Yana da, ba shakka, mafi wahalar girma tumatir mai daɗi a cikin Urals fiye da yankin Volan Volga, amma tare da ɗan ƙwarewa a cikin aikin lambu, wannan abu ne mai yiwuwa. Dukansu katako da ƙasa ba tare da kariya ba sun dace da girma tumatir. Idan kun zaɓi iri da suka dace kuma kuyi ƙoƙari, zai yuwu a samar wa dangin kayan abinci masu daɗin ɗanɗano na tsawon shekara.
