Rinda F1: fasali na amfanin gona kabeji

Har ila yau, magabatan mu sun yanke wurin fararen kabeji tsakanin sauran kayan lambu na kayan lambu - suka kira ta Sarauniyar gona. A zamanin yau, wannan kayan lambu yana jin daɗin musamman. Godiya ga ci gaba a cikin kimiyya, irin kabeji ya samo asali cewa ya wuce nau'ikan iyaye. Kabeji Rinda F1, wanda ke da kyawawan halaye masu ɗanɗano, misali ɗaya ne na yawan amfanin ƙasa da jimiri na sabon ƙarni na hybrids.

Bayanin kwatancen kabeji Rinda F1

Rinda F1 wani nau'i ne na farin kabeji, wanda aka samo a kamfanin Holland ɗin Monsanto. Lokacin da kusa da sunan iri-iri alama ce ta "F1" - wannan yana nuna cewa muna da haihuwar ƙarni na farko.

Abubuwan haɗin F1 suna ga mafi kyawun halaye na nau'ikan iyaye kuma ana nuna su ta hanyar yawan aiki da kwanciyar hankali. Koyaya, bisa ga ka'idar ilimin halittar jini, a cikin ƙarni na biyu (F2), tsirrai masu kaya iri ɗaya kamar na F1 baza su ƙara girma daga tsaba da aka tara ba. Na biyu tsara zai juya tare da rikice-rikice haruffa, don haka babban hasara na hybrids shine rashin iyawa don amfani da tsaba.

Rinda, kamar sauran hybrids, yana da kaddarorin da ke ba da damar samun wadataccen haɓaka ba tare da amfani da hanyoyin sunadarai don sarrafa kwari ba. Ana maye gurbin magungunan cikin nasara ta hanyoyin ilimin rigakafin.

Hyin Rinda F1 an haɗa shi a cikin rajistar nasarorin zaɓi a cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Volga-Vyatka a cikin 1993. Kuma an yarda da kabeji don namo a cikin Arewa maso Yamma, Yammacin Siberian da Gabas Siberian. Rinda an bada shawarar yin namo a cikin yanayin kayan masarufi. Koyaya, saboda rashin daidaituwarsa, an yi amfani dashi sosai ba kawai a cikin filayen manoma ba, har ma a cikin gadaje na mai son a duk yankuna.

Tebur: Abubuwan haɓakar Agrobiological na kabeji Rinda F1

Rinda yana da tsawon lokacin girbin kwanakin kwanaki 120-140 daga lokacin da aka shuka iri a cikin kasar har zuwa farkon balaga da fasaha na kabeji. Yawan aiki yana da girma, a matsakaita shine 9 kg / m², kuma tare da fasahar aikin gona da ta dace na iya kaiwa kilogiram 14 / m². Tsire-tsire suna tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari, amma idan aka girma akan ƙasa na acidic, haƙurin kabeji yana raguwa.

A cikin juzu'i-tsiro da kuma karamin rosette, an kafa kai mai zagaye daga ganyen kore mai haske. Dangane da halayen masu sana'anta, yawan kawunan kabeji ya kai kilogram uku zuwa hudu, amma kwarewa ta aiki tana nuna cewa zasu iya kaiwa kilo shida zuwa takwas.

Shugaban kabeji Rinda zagaye, rosette na ganye Semi-tashe, m

Rinda kabeji yana da babban ingancin kasuwanci saboda babban shugaban kabeji da in mun gwada da ɗan gajeren ciki kututture. Launi da ke cikin ɓangaren launin fari ne mai launin shuɗi.

Shugaban kabeji Rinda mai yawa, a sashi mai launin shuɗi-fari

Mafi kyawun dandano na kabeji an lura dashi lokacin cin shi sabo ne da kuma kayan zaki. Rayuwar sel ba ta da tsawo sosai (watanni 2-4), amma akwai sake dubawa da aka adana garkunan har sai Mayu ba tare da ɓataccen sharar ba.

Bidiyo: Batun kabeji Rinda da aka dafa a filin

Abvantbuwan amfãni, nakasa da fasali na matasan

Fahimtar nagarta da ƙarancin shuka yasa ya sami damar amfani da wannan bayanin lokacin girma da amfani. Rinda yana da fa'idodi da yawa:

• in mun gwada da kankanen lokaci (ana iya girma a cikin iri iri cikin kusan dukkanin yankuna);
• babban aiki;
• juriya daga cututtuka da kwari;
• babban ingancin kasuwanci (shugaban kabeji, karamin dungu na ciki);
• juriya ga fatattaka da harbi;
• duniya amfani (sabo ne da kuma na dan tsako);
• babban dandano na sabo kabeji da pickled kayayyakin.

Rinda kabeji yana da ƙasa da rashin hasara

• in mun gwada da rayuwar shiryayye (watanni 2-4);
• ƙasa tare da babban acidity bai dace da namo ba;
• da rashin yiwuwar tattara tsaba (kamar duk hybrids).

Babban haɓaka, juriya da kuma amfani da su shine ainihin kayan aikin kabeji Rind. Idan aka kwatanta da shahararrun nau'ikan tsakiyar kaka da kuma hybrids, Rinda ya fi girma a cikin yawan amfanin gona ga Krautman, Kilaton da Midor hybrids, Podarok, Slava Gribovskaya 231 da Belorusskaya 455 iri, amma ƙasa da Nadezhda. Rinda yana da kusan iri ɗaya tare da ƙwayar Megaton, amma juriya da cuta ya fi girma kuma ƙarfinta ya fi kyau.

A cikin sharuddan rayuwar shiryayye, Rinda ba ta da ƙasa da yawancin iri da kuma hybrids. Za'a iya adana nau'in kabeji mai zuwa daga watanni shida zuwa watanni takwas: Aggressor F1, Amager 611, Snow White, Kolobok F1, Zimovka 1474.

Tun da kabeji Rinda ya zama mai daɗi kuma yana da kyakkyawan dandano (mai dadi kuma ba tare da haushi ba), ana amfani dashi sosai don yin sabo da salads, kuma yana dacewa sosai don tuƙa, dafa kabeji da sauran abinci tare da magani mai zafi. Sauerkraut shima ya zama mai dadi sosai - m da crispy.

Rinda sauerkraut dandani mai girma - m da crispy

Siffofin dasa shuki da girma Rinda

Hyin Rinda shine wakilin danginsa wanda ba shi da ma'ana, amma duk da haka, idan ya girma zai zama dole yin la'akari da wasu sifofinta.

Yadda za a ƙayyade lokacin shuka tsaba don shuka kuma a cikin ƙasa

Don sanin lokacin da za a shuka tsaba na Rin kabeji don shuka, kuna buƙatar la'akari da waɗannan jagororin:

• Lokaci na dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe. 'Ya'yan Seedlings zasu iya tsayayya da frosts ƙasa zuwa -5 ° C, kuma zazzabi mai kyau don haɓakar su shine 15-17 ° C, sabili da haka, don ƙayyade lokacin dasa a kan gadaje buɗe, dole ne a la'akari da yanayin yanayi. A tsakiyar Rasha, ana shuka shuka Rinda a cikin rabin na biyu na Mayu.
• Tsawon lokacin tsiro daga lokacin da iri ya fara zuwa tsiro a cikin ƙasa. Kusan kwanaki 35 kenan ga wannan tsiron.
• Wannan lokacin daga shuka iri zuwa shuka shine kwanaki 6-10.

Lokacin da aka gwada waɗannan bayanan, ana iya ƙaddara cewa ana buƙatar shuka iri 40-45 kwanaki kafin a dasa shuki a ƙasa, wato a farkon ko a tsakiyar Afrilu.

An san cewa lokacin da shuka iri a cikin ƙasa bude, lokacin girma yana rage kwanaki 15-18. Wannan saboda tsire-tsire ba sa buƙatar karin lokaci don mayar da tushen tushen lalace yayin dasawa. Sabili da haka, ana shuka tsaba Rinda a cikin ƙasa daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar Mayu, kuma shugabannin kabeji a wannan yanayin za su yi girma a ƙarshen watan Agusta ko Satumba.

Menene tsaba na Rinda matasan

Rinda tsaba, kamar kowane hybrids, ana iya siyarwa inlaid kuma ba shi da kariya.

Lokacin da aka sanya amfaninta, sai aka zana kwalliyar kafin a fara amfani da su kamar yadda ya dace, an yi nika (fatar kan yi bakin ciki don inganta damar amfani da abubuwan abinci da danshi) da kuma tawaya. Sannan an rufe su da farin ciki na ruɓaɓɓen ƙwayar abinci mai narkewa tare da wakilai masu kariya, wanda ke da launi mai haske na sabon abu.

Irin waɗannan tsaba sun fi tsada fiye da na yau da kullun, saboda ana samun su ne sakamakon aiki mai ƙarfi na aiki tare da furanni da fure. Suna da adadin kuzari na 95-100% da kuma kuzarin haɓaka.

Inlaid tsaba sune masu samin kayan da aka sarrafa su - suna da matsanancin tsiro da kuzari

Kamfanin 'Seminis na Kayan lambu na Seminis (a cikin 2005 an samo shi ne a cikin Kamfanin Kamfanin Monsanto) yana samar da ainihin ƙwayoyin inlaid na kabeji Rinda (har ma da fiye da 2200 wasu nau'ikan halittu). Seminis yana daya daga cikin manyan masana'antar girke-girke, wanda ake baiwa dillalai, masu rarrabawa da masu siyar da kaya iri-iri.

Don sayan tsaba na Rinda a cikin kasuwar mai son, ana ba da shawarar kamfanonin, kamar kamfanin aikin gona na Gavrish (wanda aka kafa a 1993), kamfanin gona na Altai Semyon (a kasuwa tun 1995), da kamfanin fasahar kere kere na Agros (fiye da shekaru 20 a kasuwa), Agrofirm "SeDeK" (akan kasuwar iri tun 1995). Ana haɗe tsaba a cikin guda 10-12 kuma ana sayar da su cikin kunshin biyu-rufe (zauren ciki, yawanci tsare).

Taskar Hotunan Hoto: F1 Rinda tsaba daga sanannun kamfanonin kasuwancin iri

Lokacin sayen samfuran da ba a amfani dasu, ana yin maganin su kafin su shuka da kansu ta hanyar waɗannan hanyoyin da aka saba amfani dasu: calibration, disinfection, soaking da hardening.

Dasa kabeji

Idan akwai sha'awar samun amfanin gona a wani kwanan wata mai zuwa, to, an shuka seedlings a gaba.

Ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 1 cm. A lokacin da shuka ƙwayar inlaid, yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa bushewar ƙasa bai zama karɓuwa ba, tun da ƙarancin daskarewa bazai basu damar yin shuka ba. Sauran ragowar ƙwayar Rinda ba ta da fasali.

Bayan fitowar, ana ba da tsire-tsire tare da madaidaicin zafin jiki (da dare 8-10 ° C, rana ta 15-17 ° C) da haske (hasken wuta na awanni 12-15 a kowace rana). Shakka mai kyau, yana daidaita ma'aunin danshi. Lokacin da ganye na ainihi 1-2 suka bayyana akan tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire sun yi ruwa. Bayan tara, ana ciyar da su sau biyu tare da takaddun ma'adinai mai ma'ana. Kafin dasa, da seedlings an taurare. Lokacin da ainihin ganye 5-6 ya bayyana kusa da seedlings, ana iya dasa shi akan gado na bude lambun.

A cikin ƙasa buɗe, ana shuka shuka lokacin da ganye na 5-6 na gaskiya suka bayyana

Don girma Rinda, kamar kowane kabeji, loamy ƙasa mai laushi sun fi dacewa. Kabeji yana tsiro mafi kyau akan tsaka tsaki da ƙarancin acidic (pH 6.5-7.5). Yana da Dole a kiyaye dokokin amfanin gona juyawa: kar a shuka kabeji a wuri guda, da kuma bayan wasu tsire-tsire na bishiyoyi na shekaru uku zuwa hudu.

Wurin saukarwa ana zaban wurin da iska mai ƙoshin iska da mai cike da haske. Tare da samun iska mara kyau, kabeji Rinda, duk da girman rigakafin sa, yana iya bayyana cututtukan fungal, kuma a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa, duk da juriya na harbi, taken ba zai haifar ba.

Rinda kabeji ya kamata a buɗe kuma yana da kyau lit

Yana da kyau a haƙa ƙasa don dasa kabeji Rinda a cikin kaka. Tare tare da tono a 1 m² yi 10-15 kilogiram na taki ko humus da 30-35 g na superphosphate biyu, kuma, idan ya cancanta, lemun tsami.

Tsarin Rinda yana da yawan-itace, don haka ana bada shawarar tsarin dasa shuki 65-70x50 cm - tare da wannan tsari, tsirrai zasu sami isasshen sarari don cikakken ci gaba. Ana shuka ciyayi a cikin yalwataccen shayar kuma an shirya shi tare da humus da itacen ash na itace, zurfafawa zuwa farkon ganye na gaskiya.

Watering da ciyar

Rinda, kamar kowane kabeji, yana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun, tsaunin dutse da ciyarwa.

Ruwa da shuka seedlings 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 3. Makonni biyu bayan haka, lokacin da aka samo asali, ana rage yawan ruwa zuwa sau daya a duk kwanaki 4-7. A cikin lokacin girma na kabeji, ana shayar da kabeji kowace rana, tunda a wannan lokacin yana buƙatar danshi mai yawa. Mitar da kuma halayen ban ruwa an daidaita su gwargwadon yawan ruwan sama. Duk da gaskiyar cewa Rinda matasan tana da tsayayye ga fatattakan kawuna akan itacen zaitun, an dakatar da shayarwa makwanni biyu kafin girbi.

Bayan yin ruwa, ya zama dole don sassauta ƙasa kuma a lokaci guda don shuka tsirrai. Farkon tsaunin an yi shi makonni biyu bayan dasawa. Daga nan sai suka ci gaba da yin spud kowane sati 2 kuma suna yin hakan har sai ganye ya rufe.

Rinda mai laushi, kamar kowane kabeji, yana cire abinci mai yawa daga ƙasa, saboda haka ana buƙatar ciyar dashi. Makonni 2-3 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen, a farkon samuwar shugabannin kabeji, tare da takin gargajiya (nitrogen, phosphorus da potash), makonni biyu bayan ciyarwa ta biyu, tare da superphosphate tare da ƙari abubuwan abubuwan ganowa.

Cutar da kwari

Tsarin Rinda yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka da kwari, don haka lokacin da ya girma, yawanci ya isa ya aiwatar da matakan kariya. An bada shawara don bincika tsire-tsire sau da yawa.

Idan an lura da an sami bullar cututtuka, mafi yawan damar za a samu damar adana amfanin gona. Dole ne a cire tsire-tsire masu ƙwayar cuta nan da nan don adana sauran kabeji.

Kuma don rigakafin cututtuka, ana amfani da hanyoyin aikin gona masu zuwa:

• bin ka’idodin juyar da amfanin gona (kabeji da kayan masarufi ba za a iya girma a wuri guda ba bayan shekaru 3-4);
• sarrafa acidity ƙasa;
• namo solanaceous, liliacet da amfanin gona masu tsiro a cikin cututtukan da ke kamuwa da cutar (ta wannan hanyar ana “bi da ƙasa”, kamar yadda waɗannan albarkatun gona ke lalata ɓarkewar ƙwayoyin cuta);
• kamfani da aka sayo na seedlingsauren da aka saya tare da Fitosporin, shirye-shiryen sulfur, da sauransu;
• yarda da babban matakin fasaha na aikin gona don inganta rigakafin tsirrai.

Daga hanyoyin jama'a don rigakafin cututtuka, zaku iya amfani da kayan ado na barkono mai zafi, horsetail ko madaidaiciya marigolds.

Don hana lalacewar kwaro, ana amfani da dabarun aikin gona da magunguna na gargajiya. Zurfin zurfin ƙasa a cikin fall yana taimakawa ga mutuwar larvae. Wajibi ne a tattara da kuma rusa dukkanin kututturen da ciyawar dangin da ke gicciye cikin ƙayyadaddiyar lokaci. Dasa tsakanin tsire-tsire na kabeji marigold da tsire-tsire laima (dill, karas, Fennel, da dai sauransu) yana taimakawa wajen magance kwari.

Dasa Marigolds a kan Kabeji na Kaya na Taimaka Sauya kwari

Daga magunguna na jama'a, ana amfani da spraying tare da kayan ado daban-daban da infusions (tsutsa, burdock, albasa, barkono mai zafi, firam dankalin turawa, celandine). Kuna iya fitar da tsutsa a kan gadaje don tsoratar da fararen hular.

Irin waɗannan matakan rigakafin zasu taimaka wajen hana amfani da sinadarai don adana amfanin gona.

Rinda kabeji namo a cikin seedlingless hanya

Tun da Rinda ya yarda da tsauraran zafin jiki, yana yiwuwa shuka iri kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa buɗe. A wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire zai zama mafi tsayayya ga rashin danshi, tunda ba tare da dasa tushen tsarin ya shiga zurfin ƙasa ba.

Abubuwan da ake buƙata don shirya ƙasa da dasa iri ɗaya ne kamar lokacin dasa shuki. A kasan ramin saka hannu na humus hade da tablespoon na ash, bushe da ramin da kyau kuma shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm. Idan germin na tsaba yana cikin shakka, zai fi kyau a saka tsaba sau 2-3 a kowane rami. An rufe gadaje da fim. Kuna iya rufe kowane rijiyar tare da gilashin gilashi ko kwalban filastik tare da sare. Tsire-tsire lokaci-lokaci bar iska, cire tsari.

An shuka tsaba kabeji a cikin rami tare da cakuda humus da ash zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm

Lokacin da tsaba suka girma, ana cire karin seedlings, suna barin tsire-tsire mafi ƙarfi. Bayan thinning, ba a cire gwangwani har sai sun fara hana tsire-tsire girma. Lokacin da tsayi na seedlings ya kai santimita 7-10, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar saƙa. Bugu da ari, kan aiwatar da shuka kabeji da aka shuka tare da tsaba a cikin ƙasa mara buɗewa babu bambanci da kula da dasa shuki.

Bidiyo: ɗayan hanyoyin dasa kabeji a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa

Nasiha

Na gwada nau'ikan fararen kabeji na farin: SB-3, Megaton, suruka, Rinda F1 da sauransu.Ga mafi yawan lokuta Ina son Rinda F1 (jerin Dutch) kuma daga farkon Nozomi F1 (jerin Jafananci). Zai fi kyau kar ku ɗauki tsaba ɗinmu na gida na waɗannan hybrids, ba su yi girma daga gare ni ba (Altai tsaba, Euroseeds). Na girma seedlings a cikin akwati: rajista biyu a ƙasa da kwalin da ƙasa gona akan rajistan ayyukan. Kusan kwalban ruwa na 5-6 na ruwa don diyya.Kafin fitowar, idan sanyi, ana rufe akwatin a saman da gilashi. Don daren da na rufe tare da tsohon agril na biyu (spanboard). A cikin hotunan karshe na Rind F1 a tsakiyar Satumba, sun yanka wannan kabeji wata daya bayan haka, a tsakiyar Oktoba, bayan sanyi na farko. I.e. har yanzu tana da nauyi tsawon wata guda.

Rinda cabbages wata daya kafin girbi riga yana da girman ban sha'awa

krv

//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t49975.html

A bara ita ma ta dasa Rinda, tana son ta sosai, kuma kawai ta fitar, kuma roban kabeji ya dace da kayan kifi. Ban damu da shuki ba, na dasa su a farkon watan Yuni, kodayake an riga an shuka tsaba, komai ya girma sosai, kuma ana iya amfani da shi a ƙarshen watan Agusta.

Perchinka

//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t49975.html

A bara, ta girma Rinda. Yayi matsakaici-da wuri, da dadi, a cikin watan Agusta tuni ya ci shi. Na girma seedlings a gida, a cikin ƙasa - farkon watan Mayu. A wannan shekara, ta shuka Nozomi-farkon-farkon, tsaba suna da tsada sosai, daga cikin 10 na tsaba duk sun girma, amma ba wanda ya isa gonar - sun mutu. Na yi nadamar rashin shuka Rinda. A gida, farkon nau'in seedlings na kabeji jin mara kyau.

Maman Choli

//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t49975.html

Hoton ba shi da yawa, tsutsotsi suna matukar son sa. Tare da saurin sauka a Yuni, kyawawan shugabannin kabeji 2-4 kilogiram. Ba itacen oak ba, mai daɗi. Aƙalla don salatin, aƙalla don ɓangaren kabeji, don tsami ko ajiya - duniya.

Tare da saurin sauka (a cikin Yuni), kabeji Rinda ya shugabanci kilogiram 2-4

Cinderella

//tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php/topic.8910.0.html

Shekaru da yawa, ban da sababbin iri, Ina dasa Rindu don neman, da kuma tsakiyar Teschu don abinci. Rinda yana ba manyan kabeji manya manya, amma yana da daɗi kuma yana kwance a cikin ginshiki har sai Mayu, ganyayyaki suna da taushi, sun dace da kabeji da aka saka.

Tikhonovna

//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/12329/page-7

A gare ni, mafi kyawun yanayi kuma mafi inganci shine Rinda. Na kasance ina girma da wannan kabeji tsawon shekaru kuma koyaushe tare da kyakkyawan girbi, sauran nau'ikan a shafina koyaushe suna ƙasa da Rinda a cikin inganci.

Catherine Mai Tunawa

//otvet.mail.ru/question/173605019

Rinda ya cancanci jan hankalin manoma da makiyaya. Tumbin ba shi da ma'ana kuma yana da kyau ga kulawa mai kyau. Mazaunin bazara ba tare da ƙwarewar girma kabeji na iya fara sanin wannan al'adar daga Rinda. Shuke-shuke, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba sa buƙatar amfani da sinadarai saboda babban juriya ga cututtuka. Saboda yawanta, juriya da kyakkyawan dandano, kabejin Rinda baya rasa shahararsa tsakanin masu samarwa da masu amfani.