Wani muhimmin yanki na ƙasar Rasha yana cikin yanki na ƙasar noma mai haɗari. Da alama ma ba'a magana ne game da girma inabi a nan. Idan aka ambata, da Bahar Rum, Transcaucasia da sauran ƙasashe masu ɗumi suna zuwa da hankali. Amma akwai nau'ikan da za su iya girma a cikin "daji arewa." Kuma akwai mutanen da suke shirye don sanya ƙarfin su, lokaci da rayukansu cikin wannan mawuyacin aiki. Game da ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan - Aleshenkin - magana zata tafi.
Tarihin ingabi'a iri-iri
Wannan innabi yana da sunan sabon abu - Aleshenkin. Shahararren masanin kimiyyar Soviet, mai shayarwa, malamin kimiyya, da kuma soja na gaba Pyotr Efimovich Tsekhmistrenko ya sanya masa suna don girmamawa ga jikansa. Wannan nau'in kuma ana kiranta Alyosha, ko kuma gabaɗaya - A'a. 328.
An gabatar da iri-iri a cikin Bayanan Kula da Ofishin Tarayyar Rasha a karkashin sunan Alyoshenkin Dar (lambar 9553098). Irin waɗannan sunaye iri-iri wani lokaci suna haifar da jayayya tsakanin lambu game da ko iri iri ne na tambaya.
Peter Efimovich marubucin marubucin 'ya'yan itace guda ɗaya da rabi ne, kuma a cikin 1956 wannan innabi ya fito daga hannunsa, sakamakon aikin sama da shekaru ashirin. Masanin kimiyya Tsekhmistrenko ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki a Volgograd, inda akwai zafi a lokacin rani, amma lokacin bazara mai tsauri. Saboda haka, nau'in nau'ikan da ke cikin waɗannan yankuna na kudu suna iya jure sanyi har zuwa -26 ° C.
Bayani da sifofin inabi Aleshenkin
Aleshenkin tebur ne na innabi iri-iri. Masana sun kimanta abin dandano sosai - maki 7. Ya ƙunshi sukari mai yawa - 16%. Gobara suna da yawa, ba sako-sako ba. Matsakaicin nauyin goga shine 552 g, amma wani lokacin ya kai 1 kg ko fiye. A berries ne kore kore tare da m yellowish tint, an rufe shi da wani mai laushi waxy. Fata ne mai yawa, amma edible. Akwai ƙarancin tsaba, yawanci ɗaya ko biyu, kuma 40% na berries gaba ɗaya ba su da su.
Amfanin gona yayi girma da sauri, a cikin kwanaki 110-115. Yawan aiki na iya isa kilogiram 25 daga wani daji a karkashin ingantaccen yanayi, amma yawanci - 8-10 kg. Aleshenkin yana da halayyar yatsu mai yatsu biyar wanda ya bambanta shi da sauran nau'ikan. Kodayake an dauki itacen inabi mai jure sanyi, sashin ƙasa yana shan wahala daga sanyi, don haka a cikin hunturu dole ne a rufe bushes ɗin.
Akwai masu goyon baya waɗanda suka sami damar samun amfanin gona har ma da Arctic Circle. Amma wannan, ba shakka, yana a cikin greenhouse.
Manyan gungu na Aleshenkin inabi na yawo sosai - a ƙarshen Yuli
Bidiyo: Itacen innabi na Aleshenkin ya .are
Siffofin dasawa da kulawa
Wannan innabi iri-iri ana ɗauke shi sosai unpretentious idan aka kwatanta da wasu, don haka an bada shawara ga sabon shiga lambu da masu giya. Amma wasu ƙa'idodi yayin girma yana da kyau a bi su.
Wuraren da aka fi so
'Ya'yan inabi suna son wuraren rana masu kariya daga iska, musamman arewa. Kudancin kudu ya fi dacewa. Da farko dai, ya kankama cikin bazara; ruwa baya tsayawa a wurin. Inabi ba sa son waterlogging, a wannan yanayin cututtukan fungal na iya shafan sa.
Aleshenkin yana da matsakaiciyar juriya ga cututtuka, amma abin da ya ɓoye shine cewa a cikin yanayin tsaka-tsakin yanayin rashin jin daɗi ko dai, sabili da haka, bin agrotechnics, 'ya'yan inabi kusan ba su da lafiya. Yana da kyau a dasa inabi a ƙarƙashin kariya ta ganuwar - gini ko shinge wanda zai rufe shi daga iska. Bugu da kari, ginin, bayan yayi dumin rana a cikin rana, zai dumama tsire-tsire da daddare, yana ba da zafinsa. Amma a lokaci guda, dole ne a la'akari da cewa ruwan sama daga rufin kada ya ja lambatu a kan tsire-tsire.
Inabi ya fi son m, ƙasa mai haske. Bai yarda da ciyawar kankara da gishirin gishiri ba. Ba ya son ƙasa mai acidic - dole ne a ƙara lemun tsami. Duk ayyukan shirya ƙasa suna da kyau a yi a cikin kaka. A cikin bazara, kafin dasa shuki, yakamata ku tono ƙasa saboda ya cika tare da oxygen kuma ya ɗan ɗanɗana bushewa.
Dokokin saukarwa
Zai fi kyau shuka inabi a cikin bazara, sannan ta hanyar hunturu yana kula da ɗaukar tushe da ƙarfi da kyau. Zabi na seedlings ya kamata a ɗauke shi da muhimmanci sosai. Ta amfani kawai da kayan dasa abubuwa masu inganci, zaku iya samun sakamako mai kyau. Zai fi kyau ku ɗauki seedlings tare da tushen rufaffiyar tushe, amma idan an buɗe, kuna buƙatar kula da launi daga tushen - mafi sauƙi. Idan za ta yiwu, zaka iya yanke guda - da yanke ma ya zama mai haske.
Idan tushen ciki duhu ne, seedling yana da inganci mara kyau.
Kyakkyawan launin shuɗi mai haske, amma haske akan yanke. Takardun ganye, idan akwai, yakamata suyi laushi. Kasancewar rashin tsari a kansu na iya nuna kamuwa da cuta ta tsirrai daga kwari.
Zai fi kyau a sayi seedlings tare da tushen rufaffiyar tushen
Tsarin ƙasa na kan kanta za'a iya rarrabashi zuwa ayyukan da yawa:
- Tona rami. Zurfin, fadi da tsayi kusan iri daya ne, kusan 60 cm.
- A ƙasa muna zuba magudanan ruwa - yumɓu mai yumɓu, tubalin da ya karye. Idan akwai yiwuwar yawan danshi a cikin ƙasa - maɓallin magudanar na iya zuwa 25 cm.
- A saman magudanar ruwa, zuba ƙasa, yashi da humus (ko peat) gauraye daidai gwargwado.
- 1-2ara 1-2 tablespoons na takaddun takaddun, shebur na ash.
- Cakuda sosai zub da rami da ruwa.
- Ruwa da seedling sosai sosai, sannan a hankali cire shi daga tukunyar kuma sanya shi a cikin rami.
Ana sanya lingsyan itace a cikin rami da aka shirya a kusurwa zuwa farfajiya na ƙasa kuma ana shayar da yalwa.
- Mun yi barci tare da ƙasa, murkushe kuma a sake sake ruwa.
Seedlings an sanya ba tsaye, amma a wani kwana zuwa ƙasa ƙasa. Don haka zai zama sauƙi a sa su don hunturu. Fewan kwanakin farko, ya kamata a shayar da seedlings sosai, sannan kuma a shayar da sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu - kimanin lita 40 ga kowane daji.
Kulawar bazara da bazara
A cikin bazara, bayan cire tsari, da vines dole ne a daura wa trellises, kuma tun kafin buds bayyana, aiwatar da ciyar na farko. A saboda wannan, jiko na taki kaza ya dace. An haxa shi da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 2, nace a mako, to, jiko an diluted a cikin rabo na 1:10. Ana amfani da wannan maganin a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire a farashin 1 lita a kowane daji. Ba a buƙatar zuba shi kai tsaye ƙarƙashin tushe, yana da kyau a yi tsagi madauwari kuma a zuba takin a ciki.
Don haɓaka ɗanɗano na berries, yana da amfani don amfani da takin mai magani na potash. Mafi araha shine ash. An kawo ko dai a bushe bushe a cikin kudi of 1 guga a kowace shuka, ko a cikin hanyar cirewa (zuba ruwa da nace 3 kwana).
Abincin farko na farko za'a iya aiwatar dashi tun kafin dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, watsar da babban superphosphate a farashin 40 g da murabba'in mita.
Lokacin da bushes kai tsawo na 1.7 mita, kana buƙatar tsunkule fi. Ganyayyaki waɗanda suke hana inflorescences an cire su. Game da bushewar lokacin bushewa kusa da kowane daji kuna buƙatar yin tsagi da madauwari don kada ruwan ya gudana yayin ban ruwa kuma ya sami kai tsaye zuwa tushen. Tare da babban zafi, musamman a kan yumbu mai nauyi, kuna buƙatar tono ta magudanar magudanar don guji lalacewa ta naman gwari.
Bush samuwar
Buƙatar Bush yana buƙatar sarrafawa. Ba za ku iya barin shi ya yi yawa ba, saboda wannan zai sa ya zama da wahala a kula da rage yawan aiki. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don samar da daji. Ga masu lambu waɗanda ba su da gogewa suna girma inabi, tsarin da aka kirkira a tsakiyar ƙarni na 19 ta hanyar giyar giya Guyot na iya dacewa.
- A cikin kaka na shekara ta farko, an yanke ɗan ƙaramin abu, yana barin idanu biyu sama da ƙasa ko daga wurin yin alurar riga kafi.
- A cikin kaka na shekara mai zuwa, ɗayan harbe da aka kafa ya yanke, yana barin idanu biyu (ƙulli don canzawa), na biyu kuma ya fi tsayi, daga idanu 4. Zai zama itacen inabin 'ya'yan itace.
- Kashegari na gaba (shekara ta 3), itacen ɓoyayyen itacen da aka yanke tare da duk harbe an yanke shi, kuma daga harbe da aka girma akan maye ƙulli, ana kafa sabon ƙulli mai maye da sabon itacen inabi mai girbi.
A cikin yankuna da yanayi mai sanyi da yanayin sanyi, rakumin daji ya zama sananne. A wannan yanayin, shekaru biyu na farko, ana aiwatar da pruning kamar yadda yake a cikin hanyar Guyot, kuma a shekara ta uku, an zaɓi harbe mai ƙarfi 3-4 tare da kauri na aƙalla 6 mm a daji, kowane an yanke shi zuwa tsawon aƙalla 50 cm kuma an ɗaure shi zuwa ƙarshen fan fan. Haka kuma, harbe da ke kan bangarorin, ya daɗe, kuma yana tsakiyar - ya fi guntu. Ta wannan hanyar, ana yin "hannayen riga" ko "raka'a 'ya'yan itace" da yawa.
Itacen inabi yawanci yakan bada fora foran shekaru 6, sannan ya zama yayi kauri da wahala ka sanya shi cikin maɓuɓɓugar hunturu. Sabili da haka, an sare tsoffin "hannayen riga", tare da maye gurbinsu da ƙananan harbe.
Pinging inabi - wani muhimmin taron noma
Cin nasara
Don nasarar yin hunturu na inabõbi, an cire vines daga trellis, an ɗaure, an lanƙasa ƙasa, an pinned kuma an rufe shi da kayan kayan ruwa. Wannan yakamata a yi a bushe yanayin domin danshi mai yawa ya shiga tsari. Mafi kyawun lokacin don lokacin hunturu ya kasance daga tsakiyar Oktoba zuwa tsakiyar Nuwamba. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun ya kamata ya zama 0 ° C. Idan ya yi zafi sosai, za a kirkiri “green” a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin, wanda hakan zai lalata itacen kuran. Yayyafa fim tare da ƙasa, kuma ciyawa a saman.
Yana da kyau idan a cikin hunturu za a sami dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa a yankin da inabi ke yin sanyi. A saboda wannan, ana iya tafiyar da dusar ƙanƙara da wadatacciyar hanya.
A cikin bazara, ana cire ciyawa bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, kuma fim ɗin ɗan ɗan lokaci kaɗan, lokacin da tsire-tsire suka fara girma. A wannan yanayin, idan kayan suturar suna watsa haske, ya zama dole a tabbatar da isarwar iska zuwa mafaka.
Kwaro da Cututtuka
Matsaloli a cikin wannan nau'in iri ɗaya daidai ne da na wasu. A mafi yawan hatsari da cututtuka na yau da kullun sune oidium, mildew. Daga cikin kwari, mafi haɗari sune gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, amintaccen marmara, ganye mai shekaru biyu. Dukkan hanyoyin sunadarai da aikin gona ana amfani dasu akansu.
Tebur: Cutar, kwari da magungunan kashe qwari
| Cutar, kwaro | Yanayin shan kashi | Ma'anar gwagwarmaya |
| Mildew (downy mildew) | Mafi yawan cuta. Yana shafar kowane sassa na shuka, aibi rawaya yana bayyana a kansu, farar fata a kan ganyayen ganye. Sannan sassan da abin ya shafa sun zama launin ruwan kasa sun mutu. | Inganci:
Lokaci uku:
|
| Oidium (mildew foda) | Duk sassa na shuka suna kama da yafa masa gari. Shafe inflorescences mutu a kashe, da kuma berries crack ko bushe. | Aiwatar da:
Lokacin aiki iri ɗaya ne da na mildew. |
| Spider mite | Yana shafar ganye, sun juya rawaya da bushe. Wannan yana raunana tsire-tsire, yana cutar da haɓaka da bunƙasa harbe, yana rage yawan amfanin ƙasa da sukari na berries. | Amfani:
Ana kula da tsire-tsire tare da nitrafen har sai fure sun buɗe, sannan ana yin jiyya ta yau da kullun tare da shirye-shiryen acaricidal bisa ga umarnin. Yana da muhimmanci sosai cewa mafita ta faɗo akan ƙasan ganyayyaki, inda maganin yake. |
| Marmara Crunch | Kwaro mai haɗari sosai. Kwari da larvae gnaw ta cikin tushen tsire-tsire, wanda ke haifar da mutuwarsu. | Ana amfani da magungunan kwari zuwa ƙasa:
Ana gudanar da jiyya a cikin bazara ko kaka lokacin da larvae na kwaro suna cikin fararen arable. |
| Littafin Biennial | Lyan malam buɗe ido wanda ƙwaƙƙwaransa ke cin furanni, ovaries da lalata berries. | Shuke-shuke a cikin bazara ana fesa da kwayoyi:
|
Don rigakafin cututtuka, yana da muhimmanci a hana thickening na bushes, don cire wuce haddi harbe a cikin dace hanya. Wannan yana ba da iska mai kyau kuma yana kula da zafi na yau da kullun. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a zubar da tarkace na shuka kuma kada su kawo cikas ga ci gaba da ciyawa, musamman ma bazara, lokacin da suka zama abincin abinci don karin kwari.
Hoton hoto: cututtuka da kwari na inabõbi
- Alamar halayyar mildew cuta itace rawaya a jikin ganyen inabi.
- Powdery mildew shuke-shuke duba yafa masa gari
- Ganyayyaki da gizo-gizo mite curl suka faɗi kuma suka faɗi
- Marble Khrushchev - irin ƙwaro mai launin ruwan kasa tare da farin almara elytra
- Littafin ganye na shekaru biyu - malam buɗe ido tare da fuka-fukan gaban rawaya wanda tazara mai launin launin ruwan ƙasa mai wucewa ta wuce
Sake Gani
Aleshenkin shine farkon innina wanda aka sayi kore gabaɗaya ta hanyar gwaninta .. Koda yake ba'a sami milimita ba na ɓangaren ɓoye Duk da rashin ƙwarewa, har yanzu ya ci gaba da girma, kodayake na sake shi don bincika mafi kyawun wurin. Ya kasance mai rashin lafiya sama da shekaru shida ba Jiyya da kawai lokacin bazara ne kawai na gano abin da mildew ke ciki .. Na cire duk ɓangarorin, duk da cewa akwai da yawa daga cikinsu kuma ana bi da su, Da gaske nake so in riƙe iri da ke tsiro a kowane bazara, mai daɗi kuma mai kyau. A wannan shekara, har ma a kan idanun da aka farka, akwai furanni a kan tsoffin hannayen riga, kuma a gashin-baki da na inabin, biyu, amma akasari uku, gungu.Ko yaya yanayin sharri yake, ta bar ɗayan. Yanzu zan fesa shi. Ina matukar son kare shi daga cututtuka. Duk da haka, ban ƙi Alyoshenkin ba. Zai fi kyau a kula.
Lala//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=672&p=339736
Aleshenkin ita ce farkon innabi a kan mãkircina kuma ya zuwa yanzu mafi mashahuri, wani nau'in ma'aunin abin da na gwada duk wasu nau'ikan da za ku dandana, ripening.
Victor Grebenichenko//new.rusvinograd.ru/viewtopic.php?t=61
Aleshenkin, kamar mahaliccinsa, iri ne da halaye. Amma idan kun saba dashi, abin al'ajabi ne. Ina da vines 2 a cikin al'adun bango .. A 2007, ya girma tun daga farkon 10 ga Agusta, kuma wannan yana cikin kewayen gari.
Talinka//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=527
Ba mu girma da yawa iri, amma ana tunanin Aleshenkin yana da kyau sosai. Akalla yin la'akari da cewa muna da digiri na talatin-talatin a kowane hunturu, to sai ya sha wahala lokacin sanyi. Kuma yana da lokaci don ya yi pena ,an, wanda ke sa ɗan itacen inabin ya yi farin ciki.
Reg Tsohon Lokaci//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=527&page=3
Babu kyawawan iri. Kowannensu na da fa'ida da yardarsa. Aleshenkin ba banda bane. Amma wannan, hakika, nau'i ne mai ban mamaki, dukiyarmu ta ƙasa, wacce ta cancanci girmamawa, kulawa da ƙauna.
