Calla, ko zantedeschia, perenni ne, shuka ne daga dangin Aroid, ko Aronnikovy. Akwai calla rhizome na Habasha, wanda ke fure a kaka da hunturu tare da fararen furanni, daga Maris zuwa Yuni yana cikin matsanancin yanayi. Calla ta Afirka ta Kudu itace tsiro ce mai ƙwanƙwasa ko ƙwayar wuta, launin furanninta ya bambanta, yana fure a lokacin bazara. Dukkan jinsunan biyu suna girma a cikin ƙasa da kuma a cikin gidaje. An bambanta tsirran da fure ta asali: akan doguwar farfajiya akwai launin inflorescence na rawaya a cikin kunnuwa, a nannade cikin mayafin da ke rufe da mayafi, wacce take da launinta iri daban-daban.
Furen ƙasa na gida - ƙasa na Kudancin Amurka da Afirka. Masu shayarwa sunyi kiwo iri iri da yawa waɗanda aka girma kamar furanni gida da kan titi. Callas dasa da kulawa a filin budewa wanda ke buƙatar ƙwarewar masaniya da ƙwarewa, jawo hankalin ba kawai masanan lambu ba, har ma da masu farawa tare da sharewa, ganye mai kyau da fure mai ban mamaki.
Zanga-zangar launuka na launuka na fure
Lokaci domin dasa shuki
A tsakiyar Mayu, lokacin da lokacin bazara mai sanyi ya wuce, kuma kasar gona a zurfin 15 cm ya warmed har zuwa 15 ° C, sun fara dasa callas a gonar, wannan ya dace da yanayin a tsakiyar Rasha. Kwancen saukarwa a cikin yankuna na kudu sun kasance farkon: tsakiyar watan Afrilu. A arewacin kasar, cikin Urals da Siberiya, yana da kyau a jira har zuwa ƙarshen Mayu ko ma farkon watan Yuni.
Matakan shiri domin dasa shuki calla lilies
Afrilu-Mayu - lokacin "farkawa" na corms na bulbous callas. A wannan lokacin, sun fara shirye-shirye don saukowa:
- Suna buɗe kwalaye da suke hibernated kuma cire fitar da tubers.
- Ka kashe mayafin takarda.
- Binciken kasancewar kamuwa da cututtukan fungal.
- Ana magani da shi ta hanyar kashe-kashe ko maganin ƙwaƙwalwa na potassium.
- Rarrabe '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ',' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '
Bayyanar tsirarwa a cikin corms tana farkawa bayan hunturu
Dokoki don zaɓar kayan dasa
Kwan fitila mai dacewa don dasa ya zama babba, yana da tsari mai yawa mai kama da tarin dankalin turawa. Wan kwanon ruɓa, mai lanƙwasa ba zai samar da tsiro na al'ada ba. Marasa lafiya da kwararan fitila da aka lalace ana watsar da su don magani. Abubuwan da aka zaɓa ana sanya su cikin trays kuma an sanya su a cikin wani wuri mai sanyi tare da zazzabi na 5-7 ° C, suna kwantar da kullun.
Digging da adana calla lili a cikin hunturu
Ba a samar da Calla hunturu a cikin lambu ba, wannan tsire-tsire ba mai sanyi ne mai tsayayya ba, zai iya jurewa har zuwa -2 ° C. Kowane kaka suna tono kwan fitila.
Mahimmanci! Don cin nasarar girma fure, ya wajaba don ƙirƙirar yanayi don ita don lokacin hutawa da aka sani a cikin hunturu.
Lokacin da calla lilies Fade da wither, a gaban sanyi, a hankali tono da tubers haka kada su lalata mai tushe. Dug tubers tare da mai tushe ana sanya su cikin kwali ko akwatunan katako kuma an saita su don makonni 2 a cikin ɗakin bushewa don bushewa. Sa'an nan a hankali bushe mai tushe da kuma tushen daga kwan fitila ne a hankali rabu.
Dug corms bayan bushewa
A karshen suna da kyau kuma an bi da su a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate, sannan a sake wankewa a karkashin ruwa mai gudu. Lokacin da magudanar ruwa, ana tsabtace kwararan fitila na mako guda a cikin ɗakin da ke cike da duhu don bushewa.
Kula! Ba a cire "Childrena "an" daga kwararan fitilar da aka tono, yana da buƙatar jira don ƙirƙirar gada tsakanin mahaifiyar mama da "jaririn" don rushe shi ba tare da lahani ga kwancen iyayen ba, kuma daga baya amfani da su don yaduwa. Yana ɗaukar shekara ɗaya. Idan kuka karye nan da nan, zaku iya lalata kwan fitila, wanda ke cike da kamuwa da cuta da mutuwa.
Kasuwancin da aka shirya suna shirye don ajiyar hunturu. Kafin wannan, sake bincika duk kayan da aka samo don gano lalata da lalacewa. Dole ne a cire lahani da aka samo tare da wuka mai kaifi. Dry na sa'o'i da yawa, sannan a magance duk ɓangarorin tare da kore ko carbon mai kunnawa.
Dasa kayan don kiwo an nannade cikin takarda, kowane tuber daban, an sanya shi cikin akwatuna tare da ramuka kuma a ajiye don ajiya a cikin ɗakin da ke da iska tare da zazzabi na 10-12 ° C. A kai a kai bincika cewa babu jujjuyawa da bushewa.
Sprouting kwararan fitila kafin dasa
Germination na tubers yana haɓaka ci gaban shuka, wanda ke haifar da farkon fure da tsayi, kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga karuwar juriya ga sanyi da cuta. Don tabbatar da isasshen adadin hasken rana, tsari yana farawa a tsakiyar Maris, idan a baya, zai zama dole a yi amfani da haske na artificial.
Don "farka" tubers da ba a kyankyasar daga hunturu ba, an sa su a cikin maganin potassium na dindindin na minti 30, sannan an bincika wuraren da aka lalata kuma an cire su da wuka mai kaifi, sassan sarrafa kayan kore. Shirya kwantena don saukowa:
- An kwashe tukwane tare da ramuka don magudanan ruwa.
- A kasan sa wani Layer na malalewa na kananan duwatsu da yashi.
- Shirya calcined ƙasa yada a kai.
- Tubers ana shuka su ne, ba a binne su da zurfi a cikin ƙasa, har zuwa 2 cm.
An sanya iko a cikin ɗakuna tare da yanayin zafi har zuwa 20 ° C. Ku lura da irin shuka da aka shuka, fara ruwa a cikin mako guda. Shayar sau 2 a mako, tabbatar da cewa kasar gona ta kasance m, amma ruwan bai stagnate. Bayan kwanaki 15, ganyen farko zai bayyana.
Germination na callas a cikin tukwane a gida don dashi a cikin ƙasa
Kasa kwance
A m kashi na kulawa yana loos ƙasa, wannan tsiraru da tabbatar da samar da oxygen zuwa ga tushen tsarin. Dole ne a aiwatar da hanyar a hankali don kada a lalata tushen sa.
Halicci na halitta an halitta shi ne ta hanyar iska mai guba. Ta hanyar ƙara yawan jama'arsu a shafin, ban da loosening, suna kuma wadatar da ƙasa da abubuwan gina jiki.
Kula! Ana yin kwalliya bayan kowace shayarwa ko ruwan sama, don kada ɓawon burodi ba ya sauka akan farfajiya.
'Yayan itace
Callas ana shuka su ne a cikin ƙasa lokacinda daskarewa ta tsaya, ba a farkon tsakiyar watan Mayu ba. Sprouted kwararan fitila, dasa nan da nan a kan flowerbed, zai Bloom da yawa daga baya, suna bukatar daidaita da ga sabon yanayi da kuma gina tushen tsarin, kawai bayan wannan ya fara girma da shuka kanta. Farkon harbe ya bayyana a makonni 2-3. Don a baya fure, kwararan fitila tsiro a gida. Don samun ɗan ƙaramin shuka a farkon bazara, ana shuka su ne a cikin Maris. A wannan yanayin, ana dasa shuka da ganyayyaki a cikin ƙasa bude, wanda nan da nan ya fara girma.
Noman bulb da kula da lambun
Kafin dasa callas, dole ne a shirya kwararan fitila. An adana su a cikin mafita na potassiumgangan na mintina 30, sannan a bushe kuma a yanke wuraren lalacewa da cututtukan, a ɗan ɗauka masu lafiya. Ana kula da tauraruwa tare da kore mai haske. Yadda za a dasa furannin calla a cikin ƙasa: ana dasa su akan gado na fure tare da haƙa ƙasa da ƙasa, rike wata tazara tsakanin su da 30-40 cm kuma rufewa zuwa zurfin 5-10 cm:
- Manyan an haƙa zurfin ƙasa;
- Onesananan ƙananan suna yayyafa tare da ƙasa kaɗan.
Bayan dasa, an kafa tsarin tushen farko, a wannan lokacin ba a buƙatar shayarwa, seedlings ya bayyana bayan makonni 2-3. Sai bayan an gama kirkirar tushen, ana tilasta sojojin furen a cikin girma da shuka kanta.
Babban abubuwan haɗin kula da fure a cikin filin sune:
- Shayar da lokaci;
- Yin riguna da suka wajaba;
- Biyan ciyayi;
- Regular kullun na ƙasa.
Karkashin dukkan dokokin kulawa, callas zai fara yin fure a cikin wata daya da rabi kuma zai gamsar da ku da kyawawan furanni har faɗuwar.
Watering da spraying
Callas lambu ne - tsirrai masu tsinkaye, shayarwa muhimmin bangare ne na kulawar fure. Bayan dasa, ba a shayar da callas, lura da "tsarin bushewa". An fara aikin ban ruwa bayan bayyanar farkon farawa, wani wuri a cikin makonni 2-3 bayan dasawa.
Kula! Ana kwararar rafin ruwa a kewayen shuka, guje wa hulɗa tare da tubers.
Bayan bayyanar ganye da yawa, ana yin ruwa sau da yawa: 1-2 a mako. Sau da yawa don shayar da shuka ya dogara da yanayin. Yankin shayarwa da yakamata ya zama mai yawa amma matsakaici domin ƙasa ta kasance m. Calla baya son danshi mai yawa a cikin ƙasa, amma ba lallai ne a bada izinin bushewarsa ba. A cikin fari, ruwa ya zama yalwatacce, a Bugu da kari, ganye ya kamata a fesa da moistened.
Informationarin bayani! Wani fasalin furanni ana iya amfani dashi azaman barometer: shuka ya fara kuka kafin ruwan sama.
Hanyoyi da lokacin ciyarwa
Shuka ya amsa da kyau ga hadi, kowane zamani yana buƙatar takin gargajiya daban-daban. Saboda gaskiyar cewa callas suna son ƙasa mai acidic, dole ne ya zama acidified.
Nau'in taki da adadin da ake buƙata
| Lokacin aikace-aikace da kuma sau nawa | Abin da takin mai magani | Yawan Amfani | Lura |
| Saukowa | Cikakken ma'adinai | 30-40 g / sq. m | Don samar da abinci mai gina jiki na tsawon lokacin |
| Sau 3 a kowace kakar | Citric ko Acetic Acid | 1 tablespoon da guga na ruwa | Don kula da yanayin mafi kyau na ƙasa |
| Lokaci 1 cikin makonni 3 | Musamman ga corms | bisa ga umarnin | Don samuwar da kuma kwararan fitila |
| Lokacin tashi | Sulfate na potassium | 1 tablespoon a kowace shuka | Zuba ko'ina a cikin shuka, rarraba a ko'ina kuma dan kadan yafa tare da ƙasa |
Mahimmanci! Nitrogen takin mai magani ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban taro kore, yana da kyau kar a yi amfani da su.
Kwaro da Cututtuka
Callas suna da tsayayyen tsayayya ga cuta da kuma kwaro, amma idan hakan ta faru, dole ne a fara magance matsala nan da nan.
Matsalolin tsire-tsire masu yiwuwa, hanyoyin sarrafawa
| Cutar | Bayyanannun bayyanannun | Dalilai da mafita |
| Hankalin launin rawaya da banderen rawaya (hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri) | Bayyanar haske annular spots da curly ganye, nakasawar fure, haske streaks a kan peduncles. | Mai hawan ƙafa yana birgima. Terarƙar kwari. |
| Ruwan Tirin na Kwayar cuta | Fitowar rot a cikin ɗakunan ganyayyaki da farfajiyoyi a matakin ƙasa, tare da bin abin da ya biyo baya. Tushen akwai rigar, najasa. Ana daskarar da launin ruwan kasa a launin ruwan kasa. | Marasa lafiya tsirrai. Yin rigakafi - dasa shuki kawai da lafiya tubers. |
Karin kwari da hanyoyin sarrafawa
| Karin kwari | Alamun kasancewa | Hanyoyin gwagwarmaya da rigakafin |
| Aphids | Bar, fure da furanni sun zama rawaya, curl. Tare da mummunan lalacewa - m aphid sallama. | Idan cutar ta kasance mai laushi, wanke shi da sabulu da ruwa. Tare da karfi - jiyya tare da kwayoyi: "Antitlin", "Actellik", "Fitoverm" da sauransu. Bayan kwanaki 4-5, ana maimaita magani. |
| Spider mite | Rashin yanayin zafi yana ba da gudummawa ga bayyanar. A cikin ganyayyaki - dige masu launin rawaya, daga ƙarshe sun juya cikin manyan abubuwan da ke bushe da bushewa. | |
| Thrips | Bayyanar kwatankwacin azurfa a saman ɓangaren gefen ganye da launin ruwan kasa a ƙasa. A tsawon lokaci, ganye, furanni sun koma launin rawaya da bushe. | Magungunan magungunan ƙwayar cuta - spraying tare da infusions: marigolds, yarrow, celandine, taba. Yin aiki tare da shirye-shirye: "Aktara", "Karate", "Fufanon", da sauransu. |
Kula bayan fure
Bayan fure, callas gushewa da ruwa, wilted peduncles ana yanka a hankali. Me yasa ya zama dole - don kula da kyan gani na fure da haɓakar sabon farfajiyoyin. A watan Satumba, ganyen ya fara jujjuya launin rawaya, da kafafun huta. A karo na biyu da rabin Satumba, kafin farkon sanyi, an girke tubers a hankali kuma an shirya ajiya.
Koyarwar callas
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar girma
Rashin dokoki don girma da kulawa yana haifar da wasu matsaloli. Idan aka keta yanayin ajiya, kayan dasa zasu zama basu dace da aikin fure ba. Callas da suka dasa latti bazai Bloom. Idan aka dasa tsirrai kusa da juna, za su zama rarrauna da ƙanana, kuma furanni ba su da matsala. Kasar da ba ta dace da su ba kuma za ta shafi girma da fure. Rashin ruwa a lokacin zafi, yanayin bushe na iya haifar da kwari. Rashin ruwa mai yawa zai haifar da lalacewar tushen da tubers na shuka. Yarda da sauƙaƙan dokokin fasahar noma zai ba ka damar samun ci gaba mai ɗorewa da ciyawar furanni gaba ɗaya.
Callas furanni ne masu girma a cikin lambun wanda ba ya haifar da matsaloli na musamman, juriya daga shuka kanta ga cututtuka da kwari sa ya zama da sauƙin yin nasara. Maƙancin ƙasa, ko da ƙarancin gwaninta, zai iya yin girma cikin kurmi mai ƙarancin haske tare da ƙarancin ƙima.
