Abun furanni shine tsire-tsire na 'ya'yan itace daga kwayoyin Vaccinium a cikin iyalin Heather. Baya ga lafiya mai daɗi da daɗaɗan berries, ana yaba shi saboda tasirin ado, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake dasa bushes akan tsaunukan tsaunuka. Hakanan ana amfani da otsan ganye da ciyawar bishiyoyi don ciyar da dabbobi, kuma a baya ana amfani dashi azaman fatar fata. Sunan kimiyya na kwayoyin halittar (vaccinium) ya fito daga kalmar "vacca", wato "saniya." An bayyana sunan Rasha ta launi na berries. Abun furanni suna zama a cikin dazuzzuka mai dumfura da cakuda ko a cikin fadama. Dankin yana da yawan yanayi daga yanayin zafi zuwa tundra.
Bayyanar daji
Bilberry ɗan itace ne mai ƙwari mai zurfi tare da tsayin kamu 10-5 kawai. Ana ciyar da shi ta hanyar gurguɗa, iska mai ƙarewa, wacce ke barin zurfin zurfin cm 6 zuwa 6 kacal. Ana yin babban adadin girma a kan rassan a ƙarshen sassan, saboda haka an ba da shawarar iyakance shukar. A tsakiyar karamin adadin babban mai tushe ne. An kafa rassan gefen su zuwa sama a wani kusurwa mai tsauri. An rufe tushe mai tushe tare da haƙar mai launin ruwan kasa tare da haƙarƙarinsa a tsaye.
Ganyayyaki na yau da kullun ko gajere da aka gaje su ana shirya su da juna. Bã su da wata siffa mai banzuwa ko kuma m mai kyau tare da gefuna cikakke. Fatar fata a takardar ta nuna a ƙarshen ta da fentin duhu. Faffadiyar murfin tsakiya mai kauri da wuta a bayyane yake a bayyane.
A watan Mayu, kananan furanni masu launin kore-kore suna bayyana a ƙarshen harbe. Basu da wadataccen maɓallin tsalle-tsalle kuma ba su da aure. Nakuna biyar-biyar wanda aka yiwa kirar suna da ƙwayoyin cuta 5, kwaro ɗaya mai ƙwanƙwara da ƙananan yashi 5. 'Ya'yan fure suna lalata filayen kwari. Itatuwan tsire-tsire ne mai kyau na zuma.
A watan Yuli-Satumba, berries mai siffar-kwai ko kuma zagaye mai zagaye ya yi girma tare da diamita na 6-10 mm. An fentin baƙi ko launin shuɗi mai duhu kuma suna da ɗan adadin kakin zuma mai ɗamara. A kasan Berry shine karamin kambi mai zagaye. A ƙarƙashin fata na bakin ciki yana ɓoye ɓangaren mugu mai ruwan hoda mai ƙanshi mai daɗi da dandano mai daɗi. Ya ƙunshi ƙananan tsaba 40.
Bambanci tsakanin ruwan 'ya'yan itace shudi da shudi
Duk tsirrai guda biyu suna cikin halittar Vaccinium, don haka kamanninsu ba abin mamaki bane. Baƙon abu ne mai yawan lambu ba ya bambanta launin shuɗi daga shuɗin shudi a bayyanar daji. Daga cikin mafi yawan halayen rarrabe wadannan bambance-bambance:
- blueberry daji koyaushe yana ƙasa, yayin da blueberries zasu iya kaiwa 3 m a tsayi;
- ruwan furannin fure suna kusa da hasken sumul mai haske;
- ruwan 'ya'yan itace na shudi, ba kamar' yar uwa ba, yakan ba da haske mai ɗorewa, mai ɗorewa a kan hannaye da tufafi;
- abun da ake amfani da shi na fure-fure yana da inganci, yana dauke da microelements wadanda ke taimakawa inganta hangen nesa;
- idan shudi ya fara toho yana bada 'ya'ya tun yana ɗan shekara 7, to, akan shukar shudi shidan fure na farko sun bayyana bayan shekaru 1-2.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa shuwatsun shudi ba su da iri da iri. Wannan nau'in an wakilta shi ne kawai "jinsin ruwan hoda na gama gari ko ganye na myrtle". Idan a cikin shagunan "ana sayar da furannin lambun lambuna" ko wasu nau'ikan, to muna magana ne game da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na shudi.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Berrieswan itace yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba da kuma ciyayi. Ta hanyar amfani da iri, an girbe 'ya'yan itace mafi kyau da koshin lafiya. Suna taushi kuma ana fitar da tsaba, sannan a wanke sannan a bushe. Ana saukowa a ƙasa a tsakiyar kaka. A baya can, an shuka tsaba cikin gilashin ruwa kuma kawai ana amfani da waɗanda suka zauna a kasan. A cikin kwantena mara iyaka tare da cakuda yashi da peat, ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 3-5 mm. Suna dafe kuma an rufe su da fim. Kowace rana ya zama dole don iska da iska don fesa albarkatu. Otsan buɗe ido suna bayyana fewan makonni kaɗan, bayan haka an cire tsari. A cikin hunturu, ana sa shuki a cikin ɗakin da ke cike da hasken da + 5 ... + 10 ° C. A cikin bazara, lokacin da yanayi yayi dumi, ana ɗaukar tsire-tsire cikin tukwane zuwa iska mai kyau kuma ana sanya su a cikin inuwa m. Ana shayar dasu a kai a kai kuma suna haduwa. Za'a iya yin motsi a waje yana da shekaru 2-3.
A watan Yuni-Yuli, an yanke tsintsaye rabin-rabi 6 cm cm.Yanana an cire ganye daga ganyen, an yanka faranti na sama a rabi. An bi da yanki tare da haɓaka mai saurin tasowa, sannan kuma ana dasa harbe a cikin kwantena tare da peat ko ƙasa na peat-humus. Za'a rufe babban yashin kogin 2-3 cm kauri akan sa.Wannan an rufe kwalin da wani fim. Bayan tushen, ƙananan ganye suna fara bayyana, wanda ke nufin cewa za'a iya cire mafaka. Saukowa a wuri na dindindin ana yin shi ne bayan hunturu (a lokacin bazara ko kaka).
Godiya ga rhizome mai rarrafe, blueberries suna ba da babban adadin harbe. A tsawon lokaci, daji ya zama yayi girma sosai kuma yana buƙatar rarrabuwa da dasa shi. A farkon rabin kaka an gama haƙa shi gaba ɗaya kuma an rarraba shi zuwa sassa tare da wuka mai kaifi. Kowane rarrabuwa dole ne ya sami rassa da yawa kuma aƙalla ƙoshin lafiya guda biyar. Ba tare da barin rhizome ya bushe ba, ana shuka tsire-tsire nan da nan a wani wuri mai ɗorewa.
Wuri da saukarwa
Domin blueberries ya ɗauki tushe a cikin lambu, ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar yanayi kusa da na halitta. Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga abin haske da kuma tsarin ƙasa. A kasar gona ya zama isasshen acidic, amma a matsakaici m. Don yin wannan, an gabatar da peat crumbs, guda na haushi, sawdust, ganyen itacen oak a ciki. An ƙara yashi a cikin ƙasa mai tsananin yawa da ƙasa mai nauyi. Ya kamata a sanya busassun a cikin inuwa m ko a cikin rana ta bude.
Ana iya aiwatar da saukowa a cikin bazara ko a cikin bazara. An lura cewa shine shudi shuki daya da aka dasa a damina wanda yafi dacewa da tushe. An haƙa rami mai nisan 60 cm falo kuma zurfin 80 cm a nisan mil 1.5 daga ginin ko wasu tsirrai. A kasan ramin kuma ya fitar da abun sakawa. Idan rhizome ya wuce gona da iri, to, an sanya shi awanni da yawa a cikin kwanar da ruwa. An sanya tushen wuya tare da ƙasa. Isasa cike take da cike da ƙoshin ƙasa mai dausayi.
Ana shayar da busassun tare da citric acid. A ƙasa compacted a Tushen ne mulched da sawdust ko peat. Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings daga shekaru 3, harbe su yana gajarta zuwa tsawo na 20 cm daga ƙasa. Wannan yana rama lalacewar rhizome kuma yana inganta saurin daidaitawa zuwa sabon wuri.
Dokokin Kulawa
Berriesanƙwarar fure yana buƙatar kulawa da kulawa na yau da kullun daga mai lambu. Tushensa suna da kusanci da farfajiya, saboda haka yawan yin ruwa da portan bangarori na ruwa ya zama dole don ruwa ba ya tururi kuma naman gwari ba ya haɓaka.
Don samun girbi mai yawa, yakamata a yi. Yi amfani da hadaddun kwayoyin da ma'adinai. Kwayoyin cuta (peat ɓawon burodi, mullein, takin) an rarraba shi a cikin da'irar kwalliya a cikin bazara a kowace shekara 3. Kowace shekara, a ƙarshen bazara, ana shayar da bushes tare da karamin adadin takin ma'adinai (sulfon ammonium, Kalimagnesia, superphosphate). A ranakun da basu da zafi da yamma, rarar takin ma yana da amfani don fesawa akan rawanin.
Tsarin aiki na tilas ga girma blueberries shine yake yin kwalliya. Daga shekaru 3-4, ana yin ta kowace bazara. Yakamata bar raguna bakwai masu ƙarfi masu ƙarfi. Yayi kauri sosai mai bakin ciki fitar da cire wani gefen gefen harbe. An yanke tsoffin rassan (daga shekaru 5) zuwa girman 20 cm. Lokacin da daji ya kai shekara 15, duka kambinsa kuma yana gajarta zuwa tsawo na 20 cm.
Kwayayen fure suna da tsayayya ga sanyi kuma basa buƙatar tsari don hunturu, duk da haka, kariya daga sanyi bazara na iya zama dole. Blooming fure ko furanni fama da canje-canje na zazzabi kwatsam. Game da sanyaya, rufe bushes tare da kayan da ba a saka ba.
Kwayabawan itace yawanci suna tsayayya da cututtukan shuka. Kawai tare da overmoistening na yau da kullum na tushe ne tushen rot da mildew powdery inganta. Yin jiyya tare da ruwa na Bordeaux ko wata fungicide zai zama da amfani. Daga cikin kwari, aphids da sikelin kwari yawanci ana kai hari. Zaka iya kawar dasu daga taimakon kwari da acaricides. Don hana sunadarai daga shiga cikin 'ya'yan itacen, ana ba da shawarar cewa a yi rigakafin yin rigakafin a farkon bazara.
Girbi, kaddarorin masu amfani
Tattara blueberries fara a tsakiyar lokacin rani. Zai fi kyau yin wannan cikin yanayin bushewar safe ko da yamma. Sai kawai da-ripened, kusan baƙar fata berries ana tsince. A kan wannan, ana amfani da fruitan itace na musamman sau da yawa. Berries an warware daga ɗanyen ganye da ganye, a wanke a bushe. Don adana 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa, sun zama mai sanyi, bushe ko matsa da matsa.
Yin amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace ba kawai yana ba da dandano mai daɗi ba, har ma yana cike jiki da abubuwa masu amfani. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da ganyayyaki suna da wadatar abubuwa masu aiki:
- tannins;
- kwayoyin acid;
- acid na ascorbic;
- carotene;
- Bitamin B;
- saponins;
- micro da Macro abubuwa;
- glycosides;
- maganin rigakafi.
Cin yawancin berries kowace rana na iya rage yawan sukari na jini, haɓaka metabolism da ƙara yawan acidity na ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki. Samfurin yana taimakawa haɓaka samar da jini zuwa cikin kwayar ido, da kuma yaƙi da zawo, ƙarancin bitamin da cututtuka. Ana amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kuma ganyayyaki na waje don magance eczema, scaly lichen da fatar fata.
Contraindications wa lura da ruwan 'ya'yan itace shudi sune cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan pancreas da duodenum, rashin haƙuri na mutum, hali na maƙarƙashiya ko oxalaturia.
