Akwai nau'ikan innabi da yawa tare da sifofin halayensu. Don sabon shiga, ya fi kyau girma nau'ikan da ba a sani ba waɗanda ke ba da amsa ga kurakurai a cikin tsarin namo. 'Ya'yan Victoria, koda kuwa ba a bi da fasaha na aikin gona ba, yana ba da gudummawa mai kyau, kuma tare da kyakkyawar kusanci don namo, zai iya godewa tare da berries mai inganci.
Tarihin girma nau'in innabi Victoria
Victoria inabi an bred da yawa shekarun da suka gabata. Ma'aikatan Rashan sun samo ire-irensu sakamakon tsallake ire-iren innabi masu zuwa: Vitis amurensis da Vitis vinifera tare da varietyanyen Ajiye Vilar 12-304. Bambancin Victoria ne na farkon iri iri. Don fahimtar abin da ya ƙunshi wannan innabi, yana da daraja a bincika dalla-dalla game da halaye, musamman dasa da kulawa.
Bayanin innabi na Victoria
An rarraba inabi tsakanin Victoria da yawa iri-iri, waɗanda ke cikin rukuni ɗaya:
- Pink Victoria. 'Ya'yan itacen an nuna shi da launin shuɗi mai ruwan hoda da masu girma dabam. An bambanta Bushes ta hanyar yawan su, suna da matsakaicin tsayi. Shrubaya daga cikin shuki na sarrafawa ya tattara har zuwa kilogram 60 na amfanin gona.
Pink Victoria yana da launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda-babban launi da kuma manyan berries
- Farar fata. Wannan sigar farkon ripening iri-iri. Inabi yana da alaƙar kyakkyawar juriya ga manyan cututtuka. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu launin rawaya-kore a launi da matsakaici a girma. Yawan nauyin gungu yakai kimanin g 500. Halin da ya bambanta game da inabi shine babban juriya mai sanyi (har zuwa -27˚С).
White Victoria yana da launi mai launin rawaya-kore, matsakaici kuma yana da tsayayya da manyan cututtuka
- Romaniyan Victoria. Duk da farkon farfadowarsa, Victoria na wannan iri-iri yana haɓaka ba tare da bambanta ba. Sakamakon haka, berries, fari, ruwan hoda da rawaya zasu iya kasancewa a kan bunku ɗaya. An kirkiro goga mai girma sosai, har zuwa 1 kg. Saboda da sako-sako da Fit daga cikin 'ya'yan itãcen ga juna, voids samar a cikin bunch. Fruiting a cikin wannan iri-iri shine na yau da kullun kuma yalwatacce.
Berries na Romania na iya zama fari, ruwan hoda da rawaya
Idan muka yi la’akari da manya-manya Victoria gaba daya, wannan nau’in ba shi da ma’ana ga yanayin canjin yanayin yankin namo. Ana iya noma shi ko da a Siberiya ko yankin tsakiyar. Yawancin suna da bayyanar kyakkyawa da dandano mai jituwa. Tare da cikakken ripening na amfanin gona, da berries saya a nutmeg inuwa. Kwasfa yana da matsakaicin matsakaici, jiki yana da laushi da matsakaici na roba. Rassan dake jikin bishiyoyin suna da karfi da kuma na roba, wanda zai kawar da faduwa a karkashin nauyin amfanin gona.
Splings na la'akari iri-iri kusan koyaushe suna ɗaukar tushe tare da nasara. Theya ripyan itaciyar na faruwa da wuri kuma suna iya zama kwanaki 115-120 daga lokacin da kodan suka buɗe. Berry na iya zama fari, ruwan hoda ko ja-ja. Girmanta yakai kusan mm 25 a tsayinsa da kuma 21mm a faɗin. Matsakaicin nauyin berries kusan 5-6 g ne, kuma siffar yana kusa da ƙirar kwai.
Bidiyo: Siffar innabi Victoria
Halaye na nau'in innabi na Victoria
Victoria, ba tare da ƙari ba, zuriya ce mai kyau da kyawawan innabi. An ba da daji da ingantaccen rhizome, amma yana da matsakaici masu girma dabam da kuma ƙididdigar girma, misali, harbe yana haɓaka a hankali. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa a kowace daji shine kimanin kilo 50. Victoriaungiyoyin Victoria na matsakaici matsakaici, cylindrical a siffar, ana misalta su da ƙarancin yawa na berries. Yawan nauyin goga ya kai 500-700 g, amma wani lokacin ƙari.
Za'a iya tattara manyan gungu daga tsire-tsire waɗanda ke ba da 'ya'ya fiye da shekara guda. Duk da uniform ɗin bunches, bai kamata ku rush da tarin su ba. Matsayi na goga a tsawon daji yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin ɗanɗano. Tun da furanni iri-iri na Victoria mata ne, yin shisshigi daga wasu nau'ikan furanni tare da furannin bisexual wajibi ne ga girbi. Bugu da kari, iri-iri na da hali na fis, wato, 'ya'yan itatuwa na iya zama kanana a girma.
'Ya'yan Victoria suna iya samar da albarkatu mai yawa a kan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke ba da' ya'ya fiye da shekara guda
Siffofin dasa shuki da nau'ikan innabi na Victoria
Abincin gaba na gaba kai tsaye ya dogara da ingancin kayan shuka. Wannan yana nuna cewa yakamata a ba da zaɓi na 'yan seedlings a hankali.
Yadda za a zabi zuriya
Kyakkyawan ingancin seedling yakamata ya zama yana da launin ruwan kasa, mai tsawon 20 cm. A ƙarƙashin haushi yakamata ya zama itace daɗaɗɗen itace, wanda yake da sauƙi a gane ta tuƙa fatawar makama tare da ƙamshi. Hakanan ya kamata ka kula da tushen: yakamata ya kasance ba tsiro da ƙura a kansu. Tsarin tushen tushe zai ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawan rayuwa na shuka a cikin sabon wuri. Matsayi na tushen mai sauki ne. Don yin wannan, ya isa ya yanke wani ɓangare na tushen tsari tare da masu digiri. Idan yanke yana da fari da danshi, to yabanya yana da kyakkyawan tushen tsarin. Idan tushen yana da tsari na baki ko launin ruwan kasa, to ana ganin kayan dasawa basu dace da dasa ba. Hakanan yana da kyau a bincika kodan a hannun: lokacin danna kan idanun, kada su fado ko kuma kashe kwas.
Kyakkyawan ƙwayar innabi mai inganci ya kamata ya sami kyakkyawan tushen tsarin, wanda zai ba da gudummawa ga rayuwa mai kyau da haɓakar shuka
Lokacin innabi
'Ya'yan Victoria, kamar kowane amfanin gona na gona, ana iya shuka shi a cikin bazara ko kaka. Koyaya, wasu masu noman giya suna da ra'ayin cewa girbin kaka shine yafi dacewa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a lokacin bazara hanya, wasu seedlings dauki tushen muni kuma shigar da fruiting yawa daga baya. Tare da dasa kaka, ƙarshen Oktoba ana ɗauka mafi kyawun lokaci.
Dasa 'Ya'yan Victoria
Tun da Victoria mallakar tsire-tsire ne mai tsananin zafi, don dasa shuki iri iri yana da kyau ka zaɓi wuraren da aka kiyaye su daga magudanan, tare da kyakkyawar haske da ƙasa mai kyau. An shirya wurin zama 'yan kwanaki kafin zargin dasa shuki na seedling, kuma zai fi dacewa wata daya. An haƙa rami a ƙarƙashin shuka tare da waɗannan girma: 0.8 m fadi da zurfin 1 m. Za a shimfiɗa daskararren dutse mai kauri tare da kauri 5 cm a ƙasan ramin, bayan haka an zubar da ƙasa mai kauri 10 cm 2. buɗaɗɗun humus 2 na humus an zubar da ƙasa kuma sake sake zama mai zurfi. Humus gurbataccen turɓaya ne, shine, ya kwanta shekaru da yawa a bayyane. Za a iya amfani da ƙasar gona kamar ƙasa mai dausayi. Bayan cika ramin tare da abubuwan haɗin, duk yadudduka sun haɗu.
Bayan sun haƙa rami a ƙarƙashin safwan, suna cika shi kuma suna haɗuwa da dukkanin abubuwan haɗin, sun dasa shuka
Lokacin da aka shirya wurin saukowa, tono rami gwargwadon girman tsarin tushen seedling da ƙananan kayan kayan dasawa a ciki, cike shi da ƙasa da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi. An kara zurfafa seedling zuwa matakin tushen wuya. Tun lokacin da inabi ke yaduwa ta hanyar yanke, shuka ba shi da tushe. Saboda haka, an yi imani da cewa yana da sharadin bisa tushen sa. Bayan dasa, ana shayar da seedling tare da buhun ruwa guda 2-3. Don ware gangara na shuka, zaku iya tono fegi na katako a cikin ƙasa, wanda aka ɗaure seedling. A ƙarshen aikin, ƙasa ta kasance mulched, alal misali, tare da bambaro ko sawun, wanda zai samar da mafi kyawun oxygen ga asalin tsiron. Nisa tsakanin seedlingsan itacen ya zama 1.5-3 m.
Tunda inabi kamar wannan ba su da tushen wuya, an yi imanin cewa yana da ka'ida a saman asalin sa
Victoria kula da innabi
Kula da 'ya'yan inabi bayan Victoria bayan dasa shine don aiwatar da irin wannan hanyoyin agrotechnical kamar namo, shayarwa, girki, kayan miya. Ya kamata a saka kulawa ta musamman don kulawa a farkon shekaru 3-4 bayan dasawa, tunda har yanzu ana kirkirar al'adu a wannan lokacin. Yanke ƙasa na yau da kullun da kuma cire ciyawar da ke kusa da daji zai samar da "ingantaccen numfashi" mafi kyau, amma har da kwararar ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki zuwa tushen.
'Ya'yan inabi suna son ƙasa mai laushi, saboda haka bai kamata ku manta da game da shayarwa ba, amma kada a yarda a bar waterlogging. An bada shawara a hada ban ruwa da taki. Manyan miya suna ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawar haɓakar shuka da ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ana kara abinci mai gina jiki a cikin jerin masu zuwa:
- Ana yin suturar farko ta farkon lokacin bazara lokacin saita zazzabi a kusan + 16 ° C. A matsayin takin mai magani, zaka iya amfani da superphosphate (20 g), gishiri mai gishiri (5 g) da ammonium nitrate (10 g), waɗanda aka diluted a cikin guga na ruwa kuma ana shayar da su ƙarƙashin tushe a cikin nauyin 10 a kowace daji.
- Ana yin riguna na biyu tare da potassium da phosphorus a cikin rabo na 1: 2 yayin samuwar ƙwayar kwai. Guga na ruwa yana cin kusan g 30 na cakuda.
- Lokacin da aka tumatir da ƙwazo sosai, ana ƙara abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda ke kunshe da potassium sulfate (25 g) da superphosphate (50 g), waɗanda kuma aka narkar da su a guga na ruwa. Shiryayyen bayani ana shayar da shuka a ƙarƙashin tushe.
Bidiyo: takin inabi da takin gargajiya
Tsarin hanya mai mahimmanci shine kuma yin datti, wanda ake aiwatarwa a kowane faɗuwa, yana cire duk abubuwan da ba dole ba waɗanda suka girma a lokacin bazara. Samuwar vines yana inganta haɓakar daji, yana ba da gudummawar dacewar lokacin amfanin gona. Bugu da kari, aiwatar da tying na rassan. Wannan hanya ta wajaba don hana keta rassan karkashin nauyin bunches, wanda yake yin nauyi yayin da suka girma. Duk da gaskiyar cewa 'ya'yan inabin Victoria suna cikin nau'in sanyi-mai tsayayya, ana bada shawarar rufe shi saboda hunturu. A matsayin kayan, zaka iya amfani da masana'anta, rassan spruce ko ƙasa bushe.
Siffofin Noma Victoria
'Ya'yan Victoria' ya'yan itace ne mai sauri iri-iri. A zahiri shekaru 2-3 bayan an shuka, zaka iya samun amfanin farko. Saboda gaskiyar cewa nau'ikan suna ba da hali ne don tarkace berries, ya kamata a zartar da watering daidai. Lokacin da amfanin gona ya fara yaduwa, wanda yawanci yakan faru a watan Agusta, ba a hana ruwa ban ruwa, amma idan ana ruwa lokaci-lokaci. Idan yanayin yayi bushe, za a buƙaci matsakaici a matsakaici. In ba haka ba, bayan hazo za a sami tsalle mai tsabta a cikin danshi a cikin ƙasa, wanda zai haifar da fatattaka fata a jikin berries. Idan bazara ta kasance ruwan sama, ana bada shawara don shigar da alfarwa kan gonar inabin. Sabili da haka, yana yiwuwa a sarrafa danshi ƙasa.
'Ya'yan inabi suna son ƙasa mai laushi, amma ya kamata a guji danshi mai yawa
Baya ga manyan sutturar da aka gabatar yayin kakar girma, ana iya haɗa Victoria tare da microelements a cikin wani nau'in chelated akan ganyen, i.e., a cikin hanyar foliar, alal misali, tare da Reacom. Wannan yana ƙaruwa da juriya daga shuka ga cuta, yana inganta ɗanɗanar 'ya'yan itacen. Ciyar da takin mai magani shine mafi kyawun tsarin abinci wanda ake amfani dashi musamman don abinci mai gina jiki. Don samun kyakkyawar cikekken tsari, gogaggun giya masu gogewa suna ba da wannan dabarar: tare da goge fenti, suna "goge" bunch a farkon haɓakar berries. Wannan hanya tana ba ku damar cire ƙwayar ciki, kazalika da rauni mai lalacewa da ƙwayoyin ciki. Da farko, ƙanƙanun gashi ba shi da kyan gani, amma yayin da 'ya'yan itacen suka girma, yana samun kyakkyawan bayyanar.
Abun nau'in innabi na Victoria yana iya zama lalata da lalacewar gungu ta wasps. Wannan yana nuna buƙatar cire ƙananan goge, tunda ba za ku sami amfanin gona ba daga gare su, amma kawai suna ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban cututtuka da ƙirƙirar ƙarancin kwari. Don kare ɗan itacen daga wasps, ana bada shawara a shuka ganye mai yaji a kusa, a rufe gungu da jaka ko raga. A lokacin ripening na berries, kuna buƙatar bincika gungu kuma cire waɗanda suka fashe 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.
Don kare inabi daga wasps da tsuntsaye suna amfani da raga ta musamman a cikin jaka
Cutar Victoria
Lokacin da akayi la'akari da nau'in innabi na Victoria, yana da daraja ambaton cututtukan da shuka za a iya fallasa su, kazalika da matakan kariya. Daga cikin cututtukan da suka fi yawa sune:
- Powdery Mildew Ya bayyana a cikin nau'in ɗigon duhu akan ganye da aibobi akan harbe.
- Grey rot. Berries zama wrinkled, wani farin shafi ya bayyana a kansu. Don dalilai na rigakafin, ana yaɗa al'adar tare da maganin tushen aidin.
- Farar ƙasa. Cutar fungal wacce ke faruwa sakamakon haɗuwa da hasken rana ko ƙanƙara. Yana bayyana kanta a cikin nau'i na farin mold a kan ganye da berries.
- Chlorosis An nuna bayyanar cutar ta hanyar kodadden ganye, wanda ya sami launuka mara nauyi. Matsalar ta faru ne sakamakon takewar tsarin daukar hoto. Don magani, ana amfani da kwayoyi masu ɗauke da baƙin ƙarfe.
- Black spot. Ganyayyaki sun zama mara nauyi, dige baƙi suna bayyana. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ma sun yi duhu, dandano yana ƙaruwa. Jiyya ta ƙunshi cire sassan ƙwayar da abin ya shafa.
Ofaya daga cikin cututtukan Victoria na iya shafar ta shine chlorosis na ganye.
Don hana farawa da ci gaba da cututtuka, Victoria inabi a lokacin da ake fitarwa ana bada shawara don sarrafawa tare da shirye-shirye na musamman. Waɗannan sun haɗa da sulfate baƙin ƙarfe, ruwa na Bordeaux, Ridomil (hulɗa da tsari na fungicide), Tsineb (yana da tsari da tasirin lamba akan cututtukan cuta). Jiyya tare da tsari na fungicides ana aiwatar da shi a cikin bazara kafin budding, bayan samuwar berries kuma a cikin kaka bayan girbi. Ana amfani da hulɗa tare da cututtukan fungicides don tsawan ruwan sama kamar da, bayan bayan ɗamara mai ƙarfi da ruwan sama, watau a cikin zafi mai ƙarfi.
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
A wannan shekara, a cikin raunin da yake damuna, Victoria na sa ni farin ciki. Koyaya, wannan ire-iren yana da fa'ida mai kyau: juriya mai daskarewa da juriya na cutar. Amma ga wasps, an warware matsalar - jakunkuna na gungu sun dade suna jira a fuka-fuki. Bugu da kari, duk da ruwan sama, dajin ya nuna yawan aiki da kyakkyawan gurbatawa, ba tare da gyada ba.
Nadezhda Nikolaevna//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=56
Na cire Victoria kusan shekaru 4 da suka gabata: mafi rauni daga duk abin da nake da shi; ƙananan gungu; da yawa daga cikin yaran da ke ƙoƙarin ɗaure gungu na 2-3; na bakin ciki, mai sauƙin fata mai rauni, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya fi sha'awar wasps da sauran kwari da tsuntsaye. Baya ga dandano mai kyau da juriya mai sanyi, a cikin Victoria ba ta sami sauran fa'idodi ba. Formarancin ƙanƙantar da ƙarancin ƙira, mutane ba sa saya musamman a kasuwa. Kuma lokacin hadawa ba da wuri haka ba.
Vladimir Karkoshkin//lozavrn.ru/index.php/topic,39.0.html?PHPSESSID=jlajf8qhf0p1j4d635jhklr585
Ina son Victoria, ɗanɗano na berries tare da nutmeg, ripens - tsakiyar watan Agusta, gungu ba haka ba ne ... amma al'ada, Zan yi ƙoƙarin tsunkule bayan fure, kuma, duk da haka, wasu lokuta mutane suna fasa. Duk matsaloli sun ɓace, kamar yadda nake yi wa Mikosan.
Parkhomenko Elena//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=70&t=291
Duk da akwai gazawar data kasance, 'Ya'yan Victoria' ya'yan itace ne da ke da farin jini a tsakanin masu farawa da masu girbi da suka kware. Domin kada ya bar wannan iri-iri, dole ne ka nemi hanyoyin dabarun kariya da kula da shuka. Babban damuwa yana da alaƙa da buƙatar dasa pollinator.
