Har ila yau, da wuya a samo launin ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin lambunan Rashanci, amma an yi annabta wannan al'adar don kyakkyawar makoma kuma har ma ana kiranta mai fafatawa zuwa gwal. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa wannan itacen yana samun karɓuwa ta kwanan nan, kamar yadda kwararru suka ɓullo da ɗumbin yawa waɗanda suke da kyawawan dandano da ƙyalli na ado. Ofayansu shine Bluejay Blueberry. Dankin sanyi ne mai iya jurewa kuma ga cututtukan da yawa wanda al'adar ta zama mai saukin kamuwa. Bugu da kari, 'Ya'yan itaciyar na Bluejay sun girma sosai a baya fiye da' ya'yan itacen wasu nau'ikan wasu nau'ikan shudi wadanda suke da yawa, wanda yake ba shi da amfani ga shuka kuma hakan ya zama bako a cikin lambu.
Blujey: labarin halittar iri-iri
Tall blueberries - wani tsiro wanda da gaske yake girma a cikin busasshiyar gandun daji da marshes a Arewacin Amurka, musamman, ana iya samun shi a gabashin Amurka da gabashin Kanada. Abubuwan shudi masu guba suna kuma girma a cikin gandun daji na Rasha, amma kawai jinsin da ke zaune a Amurka an yi amfani da su don ƙirƙirar kayan gona.
Har zuwa karni na 20, ba a dasa shuki masu shuki a cikin lambuna masu zaman kansu da masana'antu ba, amma masu shayarwa sunyi babban aiki kuma sun shuka iri da kuma irin wannan bishiyar kyawawan bishiyar ta fara bayyana a tsakiyar karni na karshe.
Yawancin Blujay wani kyakkyawan tsire-tsire ne mai ƙarfi da iko wanda zai iya zama ado na wurin
An samo Blueberry Bluejay mai tsayi ta Amurka a cikin 1952 a Amurka sakamakon sakamakon tsallake-tsallakewar tsirrai da ire-irensu da dama, gami da:
- Shugaban majagaba
- Brooks
- Stanley
- Shuka.
An bullo da samar da Bluejay a shekarar 1977, amma a yau ba a amfani da shi azaman amfanin gona, saboda manoma sun sami nau'ikan iri da ke da kyawawan kayan marmari da yalwa, wadanda ke da wadatar sufuri. Koyaya, ruwan 'ya'yan itace na Blueberry shine mafi yawanci ana ba da shawarar don namo a cikin lambuna masu zaman kansu, tunda nau'ikan suna da tabbataccen fa'idodi.
Bayanin
Blueberry daji - saurin girma da ƙarfi - yana da madaidaitan harbe wanda ya kai 1.5-1.8 a tsayi. Ana tattara fruitsa Medan matsakaici a cikin dogon, busassun sako da fentin cikin sautin shuɗi mai haske. A ɓangaren litattafan almara da kwasfa suna da yawan gaske. Berries ne resistant zuwa fatattaka, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ripened iya rataye na dogon lokaci a daji ba tare da marmashe. Dandano mai daɗi ne, mai laushi da ɗan tart.
Blueberry Berry na Blujay iri-iri na ripens kusan lokaci guda kuma baya crumble daga daji
Tebur: halayen berries
| Sharudda | Manuniya |
| Girman Berry | Diamita 18-22 mm, nauyi 2.2 g. |
| Ku ɗanɗani | M, kadan tart. |
| Kai Tsaye | Mai kyau. |
| Canza launi | Haske mai launin shuɗi tare da murfin kakin zuma mai yawa. |
A iri ne farkon cikakke. The berries ripen a tsakiyar Yuli, kuma wannan na faruwa kusan lokaci guda, saboda haka zaku iya karbe su a lokaci guda. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an ba da shawarar su cinye sabo, amma Blueberry Blueberries su ma sun dace da shirya abubuwan sha, jellies, jam da kuma adana su.
Tebur: Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfanin Blujay
| Ribobi | Cons |
| Resistance ga manyan cututtuka: moniliosis, mummification 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, kazalika da mutuwar rassan. | Ana buƙatar haɓaka nau'ikan iri daban-daban tare da pollinating. |
| Tsarin sanyi (a karkashin ƙarin matsakaici yana haƙuri da sanyi 30-32 game daC) | Bukatar yawan ciyarwa. |
| Kyawawan daji. | Yieldarancin yawan amfanin ƙasa (3.6-6 kilogiram a kowane daji) idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan zamani. |
| Farkowa da wuri. | M pruning na mazan daji ake bukata. |
Nufin Kasa
Dasa itace ɗayan mahimman mahimmancin matakan da ake ci gaba da bunƙasa gaba da ci gaba na Blueberry Blueberry. Tun da shuka a cikin yanayi na halitta ya girma a wurare masu lalacewa, wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar yanayi iri ɗaya a cikin yankin da aka yi niyya don narkar da shi. Dasa shukokin shubuhar wajibi ne a kan m, rijiyar-drained, acidic ƙasa a cikin rana, sun ƙi daga iskõki. Lokacin zabar wani shafi don dasa shuki seedlings, ka tuna cewa duk da cewa blueberries sun jure da inuwa mai kyau sosai, an fi girma, ana samun berries mai daɗi a wurare masu kyau, kuma daji ya zama mafi ado.
Kuna buƙatar dasa shuki blueberries a wuri mai duhu, a irin waɗannan yanayi zai ba ku girbi mai ban sha'awa na berries mai ƙanshi
Abun furanni masu matukar ban sha'awa suna buƙatar acidity na ƙasa, kuma amfanin gona ba zai yi kyau ba kuma ya ba da amfani idan an dasa shuki a cikin irin ƙasa ba daidai ba. Pasa pH ya kamata ya zama 5.5 ko ƙananan. Don ƙara yawan acidity na substrate, lokacin dasa shuki wajibi ne:
- Tona babban rami sauka a 1 m m da game da 60 cm zurfi.
- Zuba peat, doki, yaddataccen ciyawa da zuriyar dabbobi a ciki (a cikin rabo na 5: 2: 1).
- Soilara ƙasa da aka ɗauka a cikin gandun daji coniferous.
- Mix da danshi dukkan kayan aikin.
Matakan-mataki-na-mataki don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa
- Mun haƙa ramuka a nesa na 2 m daga kowane ɗayan (don blueberries masu tsayi na nau'ikan Blujay, ana buƙatar sarari mai yawa).
Ramin saukarwa don blueberries ya zama babba
- Dasa ramuka ana rufe filayen acidic daga sawdust, peat horse and litiferous litter.
- Ruwa kuma yi ɗan rami a tsakiya.
- Zuba peat a cikin rami ba tare da ƙari ba.
- Mun kafa sapling.
Dole ne a sa mulkoki tare da peat ko sawdust
- Mun cika shi da wani madaidaiciya don tushen wuyansa ya zurfafa ta hanyar 4 cm.
- Mun sake bushewa da dasa shuki kuma muyi ciyawa da'irar kusa da peat, sawdust ko haushi na bishiyoyin bishiyoyi.
A lokacin da dasa shuki blueberries, ya zama dole don sanya dattin
- Mun taƙaita duk harbe ta kwata kuma mun datse budsan itacen.
A cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa shuki, shuka yakamata ya bunkasa tsarin saiti mai kyau, don haka yakamata a cire duk furanni da ovaries, ba barin matasa daji suyi 'ya'ya ba.
Girma a cikin kwantena
Kirkirar ƙasa mai dacewa don ruwan 'ya'yan itace, itace babbar matsala mai wahala, saboda haka lambu ya fito da sabon tafarkin amfanin gona. Dasa furannin furanni a cikin akwati hanya ce madaidaiciya wajen noma ta, wacce ke da fa'ida. Da farko dai, kula da ruwan 'ya'yan itace shudi yayi sauki. Abu na biyu, wannan yana kawar da yuwuwar ƙasa mai ishara ta fadowa cikin tanki kuma, a ƙarshe, za a iya motsa tukunya kuma ana sanya shuka a wuri mafi zafi. Don dasa shuki a cikin kwandon shara, dole ne:
- Ickauki babban tukunya tare da diamita da zurfin akalla 50 cm.
- A kasan, sanya madafan abubuwa guda biyu na katako ko tukunyar yumbu.
- Haɗa peat doki, zuriyar dabbobi da kuma sawun shaƙatawa (a cikin rabo na 5: 1: 2).
- Zuba kayan kwalliyar acid a cikin akwati kuma dasa shuki a cikin tsiro, mai zurfi a ciki, yana zurfafa tushen wuya ta 4 cm.
- Bayarda daskararwa da substrate kuma sanya tukunya a cikin wuri mai faɗi a cikin lambu.
Shuka shuɗar shuɗi a cikin akwati ita ce hanya mafi girma don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai dacewa don shuka.
Dokoki don fitar da shudin fure daga A zuwa Z
Kwayabawan itace shuki ne. Kulawa da shi yana saukowa zuwa ruwa na yau da kullun da kuma kayan miya. Bugu da kari, farawa daga shekara ta uku na daji, yana buƙatar pruning.
Yawan shayarwa da abinci mai gina jiki
Ruwa yana da matukar muhimmanci ga shukokin shudi. Dole ne a dasa ciyawar a cikin sau 2 a mako, a zuba lita 10 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin daji. Tsarin ban ruwa yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin Yuli-Agusta a lokacin lokacin 'ya'yan itace, tun daga farkon' ya'yan itace sun fara nunawa a wannan lokacin. Tare da fari a cikin wannan lokacin, ba za ku iya kawai rasa amfanin gona na shekara ta yanzu ba, har ma ku jira jiran berries mai dadi a kakar mai zuwa. Sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu ana ba da shawarar shayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin ruwa tare da ruwan acidified (100 ml na teburin vinegar a lita 10 na ruwa).
Don blueberries yi saman miya, acidifying kasar gona. Ga mazaunin rani na yau da kullun, zaɓi mafi kyau zai zama gabatarwar takin gargajiya na tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire na coniferous ko Heather. Wadannan takin mai magani suna dauke da dukkanin abubuwan da ake bukata na kayan ma'adinai na blueberries da abubuwan ganowa: superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, urea, potassium sulfate.
Taki don conifers yana da girma don ciyar da shuki
Ana amfani da takin zamani sau uku a kowace kakar: ana yin miya ta sama lokacin da aka buɗe furanni, a lokacin samuwar 'ya'yan itace da kuma lokacin tumatir. A cikin bazara, nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ana zubar da phosphorus da potassium tare da kewaye da da'irar akwatin.
Pinging da tsari domin hunturu
An fara yin rumfa ta farko a shekara ta uku bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, samar da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwayoyin axial da kuma madawwamiyar kwarangwal kwarangwal. Don yin wannan, cire duk ƙananan harbe (har zuwa 35-40 cm tsayi) na ƙananan tiers na daji. Daga baya a cikin bazara, kafin a yanke buds mai rauni, duk rassan masu rauni kusa da tushen wuya an yanke, harbe suna girma a cikin daji kuma a wani kusurwa na 45game da zuwa kan hanya. Shekaru 5-6, ana ba da shawarar lambu da ke da gogewa don yin girki mai lalacewa, yanke duk tsoffin rassan kuma barin sabon kwarangwal kwarangwal.
Pruning - hanya mai mahimmanci don gujewa ɓoyewar daji
Yawancin launuka na Bluejay, duk da tsananin sanyi da masana'antun suka ayyana, yana buƙatar tsari don hunturu, wanda zai taimaka kare shuka a yanayin zafi da ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara. A saboda wannan, an rufe blueberries da rassan spruce, kuma a cikin ruwan dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara ana zuba akan bushes, wanda shine kariya mafi kyau akan daskarewa.
Matasa harbe na blueberries suna matukar son cin zomaye, sabili da haka, yana da kyau a samar da kariya daga zuriya a cikin rani, alal misali, don rufe harbe da kayan rufin ko a yanka kwalayen filastik.
Tebur: Cututtuka na gama gari da kuma magungunan kashe gobara na ruwan hoda
| Kwaro / cuta | Yadda ake ganewa | Yadda ake yaqi |
| Khrushchev (chafer) | Larvae na horsetail ci matasa ganye da kuma tushen blueberries, saboda abin da shuka mutu. | A farkon alamun kwaro, bi da maganin kashe kwari, alal misali, Inta-Vir, Actellik. Shirya mafita bisa ga umarnin. |
| Codling asu asu blueberry |
| Bi da bushes tare da Actellik ko Fufanon (maganin yana gudana bisa ga umarnin). Ku ciyar da sprays 2 tare da tazara na kwanaki 10. |
| Grey Rot (Botritis) | A halayyar launin toka fluff ya bayyana a kan berries. | Bi da bushes tare da tsari na kashe-kashe, misali, Fundazol ko Topaz. |
| Septoria | M mai launin shuɗi ko launin toka mai launin shuɗi tare da iyakar rawaya ya bayyana akan ruwan wukake. | Fesa furanni tare da ruwa na Bordeaux 1% (2-3 a kowace daji). Zai ɗauki jiyya 2 (kafin fure da bayan girbi). |
| Karasawa |
| Fesa tare da Fundazole (lita 1-2.5 a kowane daji), aiwatar da jiyya biyu (kafin a fara fure da lokacin da aka shirya berries). |
| Anthracnose |
| Fesa daji da kasar gona a karkashinta tare da maganin maganin Skor (20 ml a kowace lita 10 na ruwa). |
Hoton hoto: cututtukan blueberry da kwari
- Zan iya irin ƙwaro larvae haifar da cutarwa ba cutarwa ga blueberries, kamar yadda matasa shuka Tushen ci sama
- Caterpillars na blueberry asu shigar 'ya'yan itacen daga calyx kuma ku ciyar a kan nama, a sakamakon abin da berries bushe da fada
- Fluff mai launin toka a kan berries yana nuna kamuwa da cuta na shuka tare da alamar launin toka
- Lokacin da kamuwa da kwayar cutar septoria, aibobi masu kauri sukan bayyana akan ganyayyaki
- Abubuwan launin ruwan ƙasa akan ganyayyaki alamace ta coccomycosis.
- Lokacin da aka lalata cututtukan ƙwayoyi masu guba tare da anthracnose, berries ɗin ya zama mai laushi, kuma harbe harbe ya mutu
Amsoshin 'yan lambu a kan Blueberries masu tsayi na nau'ikan Blujey
Ina da Blucrop, Blues, Torro, Darrow da Patriot. Babu harbe-harbe na canzawa akan kowane. Halin bushes na al'ada, akwai 20-30 cm na harbe harbe.
Kinderimp//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-645-p-6.html
Mafi kyawun iri don Yankin Moscow: 1. Kogi 2. Duke 3. Patriot 4. Toro 5. Blyuzhey
Fatmax//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=6461&start=330
A wannan shekara, ya ƙarshe dasa na farko bushes na blueberries. Daban-daban na Blue Jay, Legacy, Elliot, Duke, Berkeley, Zinare. Adadin bishiyoyi 93. Sun dasa a cikin hanyoyi biyu - a cikin ramuka waɗanda aka shirya a baya, an shimfiɗa ƙasa tare da agrofibre, kuma a cikin maɓuɓɓugar, an kuma aika da ƙasa tare da agrofibre 50 a cikin yadudduka 2. Rami sun zama mafi sauƙi da sauri don haƙa, sun fi tattalin arziƙi. Idan an rufe buhunan kwandon 7 a rami, to, ɓarke "gobbled sama" sau biyu ... Daga 3-5 cm na seedlings da aka aika a watan Maris - daga Yuli 60-70 cm bushes tare da rassa 4-7 zasu yi girma. Tun daga farkon tunanin na dasa su a watan Maris, amma sai na kalli wadannan tsirrai marassa kyau Na yanke shawarar shuka su a cikin kwalaye da ammonium, akwai irin wadannan da yawa…. Ina shayar da shi da ruwa talakawa daga rijiya, PH 7.2. Tun daga farkonsa, ya dasa mai danne su cikin peat, ba tare da wata lahani ba. Kadan sa'a tare da iri daya, Blue Jay, wanda ke tare da agrofibre, wanda aka lullube shi da tushen sa. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa tun daga farkon tushen dukkan werean itacen an lulluɓe su da su, amma a cikin sauran nau'in ya fasasshe a cikin peat har tsawon wata ɗaya, kuma a cikin wannan ya kasance cikakke ba a taɓa gani ba (a fili ba su lissafta ba, kuma sun ɗauki mafi kauri fiye da yadda ake buƙata), kuma ya juya cewa tushen baiyi numfashi ba ... a zahiri, bushes bai girma yadda yakamata. Kafin ya tashi, ya cire agrofibre gaba daya ya daidaita asalin sa. A cikin mako guda bayan saukowa a kan mazaunin dindindin, duk bushes ɗin ya shiga girma, yana sakin ganyayyaki masu ruwan hoda. Sun dasa peat-sawdust-sand 70-20-10 + a cikin shirye da aka shirya kuma sun kara da Poland taki Agrekol (daidai fararen kwallaye kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama). Yawan acid ɗin da aka shigo da shi ya kasance 4,3, kayan da aka shirya sun kusan 3.8. Yanke hukunci daga gaskiyar cewa ruwa na yana da PH 7.2, Ina tsammanin ba da daɗewa ba dole ne in canza acid, amma ina tsammanin ba da daɗewa ba. Ban sanya digo tukuna ba, saboda karancin lokaci, amma a kwanaki masu zuwa zan tsara komai.
Dmitry86//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=645&page=138
Bidiyo: fasali na girma shuki shuki
Duk da gaskiyar cewa dasa shuki blueberries mai matukar wahala, inji yana da fa'ida da yawa, don haka ya kamata a dasa shi a gonar. Yawancin Blujej suna da manyan berries tare da kyakkyawan dandano. Bugu da kari, daji yana da ado kuma zai iya zama ainihin ado na wurin: a lokacin bazara, an rufe launin shudi tare da tassels of whitey white inflorescences exuding ƙanshi mai daɗi, a lokacin rani an cika shi da shuɗi mai haske mai launin shuɗi, kuma a lokacin kaka ganyayyaki suna samun kyakkyawan ja, rawaya da burgundy launi.
