A cikin daji, ana iya samun apricot ba kawai a cikin yankuna na kudu ba, har ma a Gabashin Siberiya, Manchuria. Wadannan tsire-tsire sun zama magabatan yawancin nau'in-hunturu-Hardy, wanda ya sanya ya yiwu a shuka apricot a cikin yanayin sanyi.
Yadda apricot ke tsiro
A cikin yanayi mai kyau, apricot ya girma zuwa mita 8 a tsayi, amma mafi yawan lokuta waɗannan bishiyoyin da ke yankewa suna da ƙasa sosai, mita 4-5 ne kawai. Kyakkyawan haushi mai laushi na kananan bishiyoyi na fasa akan lokaci. Matasan reshen launin ruwan kasa-ja. Fine-toothed petiolate ganye suna da nau'i mai zagaye wanda aka shimfidawa zuwa biye da biri. Farin fure mai launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi na santimita 2-3 a diamita akan gajerun furen ya bayyana a watan Afrilu ko Mayu, lokacin da ganyayyaki ba su yi fure ba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mãsu zagaye, m tare da magana girma tsaye tsagi. Suna da launuka daban-daban na orange tare da babban kashi a ciki. Apricots sun haɗu daga ƙarshen Yuni zuwa farkon Satumba, dangane da iri, ƙasa, dasa wuri da yanayin damina.
Farkon fruiting
Apricot yana fara 'ya'ya daga shekaru 3-6 na rayuwa (dangane da iri-iri), idan ya girma daga zuriya. Fruiting yana shekaru 30-40.
Noma da kulawa
Don girma apricots, ƙasa loamy tare da tsaka tsaki acid ya dace da yanayin zurfin ruwan ƙasa. Babbar loams da yumɓu masu yumɓu suna ba da gudummawa ga tururuwar danshi, wanda ke haifar da jujjuyawar tushen da mutuwar seedlings.
Inda za a shuka
Ya kamata a zaɓi wurin don bishiyar rana, yana da kariya sosai daga iska mai ƙarfi ta arewa ko don kare apricot tare da ƙarin shinge. Zai iya zama shinge ko bishiyoyi masu yawa waɗanda ba za su toya zirin ba. Dasa mafi kyau an yi a cikin bazara, seedling zai sami lokaci don ɗauka sosai. A cikin kaka, yanayin zai iya canzawa ba zato ba tsammani kuma itaciyar ba ta da isasshen lokacin haɓaka tsarin tushen.
Kodayake zamu dasa apricot a cikin bazara, shiri ya kamata ya fara a cikin bazara. Tona rami 80 cm zurfi da fadi. Auki fegin isasshen tsayi zuwa ƙasan a tsakiyar don haka ya kasance santimita 60-80 santimita sama da ƙasa. Idan ƙasa tana da nauyi sosai don haifar da stagnation na ruwa, to, ana zuba dutse mai ƙwanƙwasa a ƙasan ramin tare da wani sashe na 15-20 cm. Dole ne a ƙara peat ko humus a cikin ƙasa da aka cire daga ramin (kundin 2 na ƙasa - 1 girma na peat), kilo kilo 0.5 na superphosphate kuma kilogiram 2 na ash. Mix da kyau kuma mayar da wannan cakuda a rami.
A cikin bazara, tono rami a cikin ƙasa bisa gwargwadon girman tushen seedling. Bincika don asalinwo ko lalatattun asalinsu. Suna buƙatar share su. Ana saukar da tushen da aka shirya cikin mashin yumbu da ciyawa. Ya kamata a saukar da seedling a cikin ƙasa domin tushen wuyansa ya zama 5-6 cm a saman ƙasa. Mun cika tushen da ƙasa, rago da ruwa tare da bulo biyu na ruwa ko biyu. Lokacin da ruwa ya shiga ciki, ƙasa zata yi tururuwa, kuma tushen wuyan zai kasance a matakin saman duniya. Yanzu mun ɗaure itacen zuwa tsintsiyar da aka fitar daga kaka.
Kulawa
Kulawar Apricot an rage shi zuwa ga ciyawar gargajiya na Trunks, kayan miya, ciyawar ruwa da kuma girki. Wani fasali na kula da wannan itaciyar shine tsaftace kullun ganyayyaki a gefenta lokacin bazara. Ganyayen ganye a cikin da'irar kusa-na iya haifar da haushi ya yi toho, wanda zai kai ga mutuwar bishiyar.
Manyan miya
A cikin bazara, kuna buƙatar ciyar da itacen tare da takin nitrogen. Shin wannan kafin da kuma bayan fure, hadi kasar gona. Yana da kyau don ciyar da bishiyoyi tare da taki ruwa. A gefe kambi, tono tsagi 15 santimita zurfi don rabin spade kuma zuba wani bayani na tablespoon na nitrogen taki a cikin guga (10 lita) na ruwa.
Irin wannan riguna na sama yana da matukar wahala. Ana iya maye gurbin ta ta hanyar feshin apricot tare da urea (urea) tare da sulfate na jan karfe. Narke 700 grams na urea da 50 grams na farin sulphate a cikin guga na ruwa. Wannan maganin yana da ayyuka uku: yana ciyar da itaciyar da sinadarin nitrogen, yana kariya daga kwari da jinkiri da furanni har zuwa makwanni biyu zuwa uku, wanda yake da matukar muhimmanci ga apricot, saboda yana bashi damar kauce wa lokacin sanyi. Hakanan ana buƙatar fesawa da kewayen akwati tare da wannan maganin.
Karo na biyu kenan da ake basu abincin nitrogen a watan Yuni bayan wucewar ovary yayi yawa.
Apricot reshe tare da ovary
A lokacin rani, ana yin kayan miya na sama foliar. Apricot an fesa shi tare da mafita wanda ke dauke da abubuwan nitrogen da abubuwan ganowa. Bayan an girbe, ana amfani da maganin urea kashi uku. A cikin kaka, ana amfani da takin gargajiya a kowace shekara: taki, takin ko peat. Amma akwai wani ra'ayi na lambu. Dole ne a yi amfani da irin takin gargajiya a kowane shekaru 3-5.
Wuce abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa rage fruiting. Itace ya cika kambi da lalata 'ya'yan itacen.
Mai jan tsami
Apricot pruning yana farawa a farkon shekarar rayuwa.
Cropping iya zama:
- Tsarin tsari;
- Tsarin mulki;
- Anti-tsufa;
- Maidowa;
- Sanitary.
Ana yin tsari da tsara abubuwa lokaci guda. Dukansu suna da nufin fito da sababbin rassa, kuma ba a cika itacen da 'ya'yan itatuwa ba. Ana aiwatar da girke girke-girke cikin la'akari da buƙatun don samuwar kambi.
Yin forming da kuma sarrafa kayan kwalliya yana da nufin fito da sababbin rassa, kuma itaciyar ba tayi yawa da 'ya'yan itatuwa
Ana iya kafa kambi ta hanyoyi guda biyu: ɓarke-tier da flattening na kambi.
Flattening kambi - an bar itacen ba tare da mai gudanarwa ba, watau an yanke gangar jikin nan da nan sama da rassan kwarangwal kuma baya barin reshe guda ya maye gurbinsa. Rassan suna girma kawai ga bangarorin.
Tashar tsalle-tsalle - girma rassan 2-3 na umarni na farko tare da nisan sama da akwati 30-35 cm tsakanin su. Ana yanke rassan 1 m daga ƙasa a cikin rabi. Duk located sama da kwarangwal rassan suna yanke ba tare da hemp. Gangar jikin ta gajarta, tana barin 20-25 cm sama da manyan rassa. A lokacin rani, an yanke duk rassan, suna girma a wani babban kusurwa zuwa babba. A shekara mai zuwa, an kafa sashin layi na biyu daga 35-40 cm daga farkon. Rassa na shekara 60 cm ana yin gajarta da rabi, ƙananan ba sa taɓawa kwata-kwata. An yanke akwati (a cikin wallafe-wallafen - babban mai gudanarwa) a kan reshe na ƙarshe na jere na biyu. Bayan haka, an yanke rassan da ke girma a cikin kambi kuma ana rufe shi da gashi.
Anti-tsufa pruning ne da za'ayi a cikin bazara, ko kuma a farkon shekaru goma na Agusta, lokacin da sabon harbe ba zai iya samar akan itacen. Yankuna kafin ƙarshen kakar suna da lokaci zuwa overgrow.
Anti-tsufa Trimming - bidiyo
Ana yin tumbin rake a kan bishiyoyi da suka lalace ko daskararre. Tsabtace tsabtace - cirewar busassun bishiyoyi da marasa lafiya.
Alurar riga kafi
Don inganta ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da hardiness na hunturu na apricot, ana amfani da alurar rigakafi. Suna farawa ne ta hanyar girma daga seedlings daga zuriya apricot. A cikin shekara ta biyu zai iya yiwuwa a dasa shuki daga itacen 'ya'yan itace kuma bayan shekara 2-3 don samun amfanin gona. Irin waɗannan bishiyoyi sun fi tsayayya wa yanayin yanayi mara kyau.
Apricot za a iya grafted ba kawai a apricot, amma kuma a kan wasu 'ya'yan itãcen dutse: plum, ceri, ceri plum, peach da kuma bi da bi. Yana da matukar wahala ga fara fararen lambu don samun sakamako mai kyau daga wannan aiki. Don wannan muna buƙatar:
- kyakkyawan kayan aikin da aka kaifi daidai;
- fasaha na sauri da madaidaiciyar motsi;
- cuttings da aka shirya a gaba;
- sanin mafi kyawun hanyar yin rigakafi don cimma burin;
- zaɓi na mafi kyau duka lokacin alurar riga kafi.
Don apricots, an fi son yin rigakafin bazara, lokacin da aka fara aiki da juices kuma haɗarin sanyi na dare ya wuce. Babu hanyoyi da yawa don yin rigakafi:
- kwafa ta yau da kullun;
Ana amfani da babban cokali idan kuna son samun ruwan warin kumburi. Varietal cuttings suna inoculated a kan seedling girma daga zuriya.
Alurar riga kafi na varietal apricot cuttings on seedlings girma daga zuriya ta capulation
Ayyukan da ake ɗauka yayin alurar rigakafi ta hanyar dabarar:
- an yanka seedling da za a yi wa rigakafin a kwana na 45 °;
- a yanka guda a gefe guda;
- amfani da guntu a cikin seedling;
- cimma cikakken daidaituwa na yanka;
- gyara itacen a kan seedling tare da taimakon band, tef na lantarki ko zane na auduga.
Babban yanayin don samun nasarar alurar riga kafi shine cewa diamita na jari da sikari ya kamata ya zo daidai da mm 1.
Haɓaka yankan jari da scion shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren alurar riga kafi tare da copulation
Kayan itace itace akan shuka shi.
Priva - wani itace wanda aka lika.
- ingantaccen daidaituwa
Don inganta kwafin, yi ninki biyu a kan jari da scion
- a cikin jijiyoyin baya;
Lokacin da aka yi masa allurar rigakafi a gefuna, an yanke mashi daga ɓangarorin biyu, kuma an yi ɗan tsakuwa akan kayan hannun jari;
- a cikin sharewa;
Alurar riga kafi a cikin tsaga - an raba rootstock a tsakiya, an yi dogayen layuka a ɓangarorin biyu a kan tushe, kuma an saka sandar cikin tsaga
- kan haushi.
Apricot grafting - a yanka da haushi a kan rootstock kuma saka a sanda, a kan abin da haushi ne a yanka daga bangarorin biyu
Duk wannan ana samu ne kawai ta hanyar aikace-aikace.
Cutar da kwari
Don kare bishiyoyi daga cututtuka da kwari, suna buƙatar fesa tare da mafita na 700 g na urea, 50 g na sulphate na 10 a ruwa 10 kafin kumburin koda. Wannan maganin zai lalata kwari da suka cika overwintered a cikin haushi da spores mafi yawan fungi. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, to lallai za ku yi amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyi a cikin kullun.
Apricot na iya rashin lafiya:
- moniliosis (launin toka);
- Naman kaza na Valsa;
- tabin ƙwayar cuta
- verticillosis;
- cytosporosis (naman gwari da ke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin haushi);
- gum-gano ;;
- kleasterosporiosis (tabo mara nauyi);
- kwayar cutar kansa;
- zanen tef.
Kuna iya ƙayyade abin da itaciyarku ta kamu da rashin lafiya ta bayyanar da shuka.
Moniliosis: an rufe murfin da murfin launin toka mai haske, ganyayyaki da rassan suna juya launin duhu da faɗuwa, 'ya'yan itãcen, ba ripening, bushe, fashe ko fashe.
Tare da moniliosis, rassa marasa lafiya sun bushe tare da ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa
A cikin bishiyoyi marasa lafiya, an cire duk rassan da suka lalace tare da ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Ana kula da gangar jikin da reshe da ƙwayar Bordeaux. An rufe wuraren yanka da lambun var.
Naman kaza na Valsa: raunuka masu launin amber suna fitowa akan cortex.
Idan an kamu da cutar ƙwayar cuta ta naman alade, toka tana bayyana akan itacen
Don warkar da itaciya, ana fesa shi da sinadarai kamar yadda aka tsara domin maganin.
Kwayan kwayar cutar kwayar cuta: da farko zaku iya ganin duhu duhu akan ganye milimita uku a diamita. Daga baya, waɗannan yankuna suka zama sarari tare da kan iyaka na baki. M yanki na fashe fashe yana zama rawaya.
Cutar kwayar cutar kwayan cuta ta bayyana akan ganye tare da aibobi masu duhu
Don neman magani, ana yayyafa itacen da sulfate na jan karfe bisa ga umarnin maganin.
Verticillosis: ganye ya juya launin rawaya akan ƙananan rassan, kuma babba na sama ya kasance kore.
Yellowing rassan da ƙananan rassan apricot - alama ce ta cutar bishiyar verticillosis
Jiyya - fesa tare da fungicide bisa ga umarnin likitan.
Cytosporosis: ganye yana bushewa a saman kambi, aibi mai launin shuɗi ya bayyana akan haushi, cutar ta bazu daga sama har ƙasa, yana shafar rassan da gangar jikin, itaciyar ta mutu.
Brown spots a kan apricot haushi - alama ce ta itacen cuta tare da cytosporosis
Yin gwagwarmayar cutar - rassan da abin ya shafa suna buƙatar yanke. A cikin bazara, kafin buds kumbura, ana yaduwar bishiyoyi tare da bayani na cakuda Bordeaux: 300 g na tagulla sulfate da 300 g na quicklime da 10 l na ruwa.
Cire-kamara: amber ko launin ruwan kasa, ruwa mai narkewa na iya fitowa a kowane bangare na bishiyar, gami da .a .an. Bayan wani lokaci, wannan ruwa ya taurara da taurare.
Amber resin a kan akwati ko rassan apricot - itaciyar ta faɗi rashin lafiya tare da danko
Duk lalacewar yakamata a tsabtace shi da wuka mai kaifi. A lokaci guda, an cire gum ɗin da kanta tare da wasu ƙoshin lafiya a ciki, ana ɗaukar kimanin 4-5 mm. Duk wuraren da aka share ya kamata a rufe shi da lambun var.
Kleasterosporiosis: kwararan farar fata suna bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, wanda bayan wani lokaci suka fado, suna yin ramuka.
Apricot kleasterosporiosis yana bayyana kanta a cikin ramuka a kan ganye masu lafiya
Da zaran an samo harbe-harben da abin ya shafa, sai aka sare su suna ƙonewa. An rufe wuraren da aka yanke tare da gonar var, wadannan hanyoyin dole ne a aiwatar dasu kafin faduwar ganye.
Kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta: haushi a jikin rassan ko gangar jikin ya fara zubewa, akwai sagging da kauri.
Cutar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta Apricot galibi yakan faru saboda rami mai sanyi
Babban hanya a cikin yaki da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ita ce datsewar rassan da abin ya shafa, sannan kuma sanya saitin yanki mai narkewa tare da varnish na lambun tare da ƙari na ƙwayar cuta.
Motsin Ribbon: rawanin rawaya tare da jijiyoyin suna bayyane akan fure mai fure. A hankali, waɗannan waƙoƙin suna girma, takardar ta mutu. Bi da bike na jan karfe na tagulla a bisa umarnin.
Cutar cutar kasusuwa ya bayyana akan ganye tare da aibobi launin ruwan kasa da jan launi
Babban karin kwari na bishiyoyi apricot guda uku ne kawai: asu asu, cod asu da aphid.
Kwayoyin cuta masu cutar katifa suna cutar da macijin dake bayyana a watan Agusta. Sannan caterpillars pupate da hunturu cikin faduwa. Shekarar mai zuwa malam buɗe ido zai bayyana kuma za'a sake maimaita komai.
A waje tayin yana bayyane, karamin fulawa ne kawai a wurin da masassarar ya shiga ciki, kuma a ciki zaku iya ganin masifar kanta da kuma sakamakon ayyukanta
Saboda haka, mafi kyawun kariya daga wannan kwaro zai kasance tsabtatawa da lalata ganyayyaki da suka faɗi.
Macizai suna bayyana a cikin ganye a lokacin bazara kuma suka fara cin ganye da ganye. Suna yin hunturu cikin ganyayyaki da suka fadi da haushi. A watan Yuli, malam buɗe ido ya bayyana, sa ƙwai akan ganye da harbe. Masanan da suka fito daga gare su nan da nan suna barin hunturu har zuwa lokacin bazara mai zuwa.
Takardar ganye don hunturu tana shirya "gidan" na ganye mai buɗe ido
Idan an lura da ganye a lokacin bazara, to a lokacin bazara ana kula da ƙwayar cuta a zazzabi aƙalla 10 ° C.
Aphids wasu ƙananan kwari ne da ke rayuwa a ƙasan ganyayyaki kuma suna ciyar da ruwan sha. Ganyen da aphid ya zauna ya lalace, ya bushe da bushe. Itacewar da ta lalace ta lalace cikin girma da 'ya'yan itace.
A aphid da zauna a kan matasa harbe da kuma underside na fox tsotsa su ruwan 'ya'yan itace
Lokacin da aphids suka bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, ana bi da su da wasu nau'in halittar maganin kashe jini: Actofit, Actofir, Bitoxibacillin, Boverin. Yi ƙoƙarin aiwatar da ƙasan ganyen. A lokacin fruiting, ba a bada shawarar shirye-shiryen sunadarai ba. Abubuwan da suke da guba suna sha cikin 'ya'yan itacen kuma suna iya cutar da mutum.
Ta yaya nau'in apricot
Apricot yana yaduwa ta hanyoyi da yawa:
- kore kore;
- yanke huhun;
- alurar riga kafi akan abin da aka riga aka shirya;
- sanyaya iska;
- Tushen tushe;
- girma daga zuriya.
Yaduwa da kore kore
Ganyen kore wani bangare ne na reshe tare da ganyen da aka yanke daga bishiyar lafiya. Zai fi kyau ɗaukar cuttings daga tsire-tsire matasa ba daga sama ba, amma daga harbe na ƙarshen a wannan shekara daga wuraren da ke da kyau na kambi. Volkovye (girma a tsaye zuwa sama) harbe dauki tushen muni saboda rashin carbohydrates a gare su zama dole don tushen samuwar.
Tsarin ayyukan da aka ɗauka tare da kore kore
Ganyen kore:
- yanke rassan tare da diamita ba fiye da 8 mm ba;
- yanke daga gare shi sare tare da ganye 3-4;
- gajarta ganye cikin rabi ko kashi biyu bisa uku;
- dasa a cikin wani greenhouse.
A bu mai kyau a yanke harbe da sanyin safiya saboda kyallen tagwayen nan su yi yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu. Yana da kyau mutum ya fara dasa shuki, amma idan suna bukatar hawa, to dole ne a mayar da harbe-harbe cikin ruwa ba tare da bata lokaci ba domin ganyen bai taba tabbata ba.
Store cuttings iya zama ba fãce kwana biyu.
An yanke yankan 8-12 cm tsayi (zanen gado 3-4) tare da wuka mai kaifi ko reza don kada su matse ƙashin dirin. Sectionasan da ke ƙasa yana juye da koda, kuma babba yana madaidaiciya kai tsaye a saman koda.Don rage fitar danshi, danshi yana yanke cikin rabi, ko daya bisa uku ya rage.
Canjin kore ana iya yin karsashi a cikin bazara (daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta).
Yanzu akwai magunguna da yawa waɗanda ke taɓarɓantar da tushen: Heteroauxin (indolylacetic acid (IAA)), Cornevin (indolylbutyric acid (IMA)), Zircon (cakuda acid hydroxycinnamic acid). Ana amfani da waɗannan magungunan a cikin hanyar mafita:
- Heteroauxin - daga 50 zuwa 200 mg / l na ruwa,
- Kornevin - 1 g / l na ruwa,
- Zircon - 1 ml / l na ruwa.
An sare ganyen a cikin maganin don kada ganyen ya shiga hulɗa da shi. Dole a cire kwandon tare da yankan a cikin duhu, amma ba wuri mai sanyi ba. Zazzabi kada ya kasance ƙasa da 18ºС. Gagara awa goma sha shida zuwa ashirin. Doya mai tsayi na iya haifar da kishiyar sakamako - Tushen ba zai haifar ba.
Don tushen ganyen, zaku iya shirya gado na musamman ko karamin ƙarfin. An zaɓi wurin gado a cikin inuwa m. Sun tono wani tsagi tare da zurfin 20 santimita, cika shi da takin don kashi biyu cikin uku, kuma sun cika ragowar santimita 5-6 da yashi. Yankan yankan sun shiga cikin yashi zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm. Ka ƙasƙantar da yashi kuma a rufe shi da kayan filastik don kar ya taɓa tsire-tsire. Don yin wannan, shigar da arcs ko goyan baya. Ya kamata fim ɗin ya buɗe da yardar kaina a gefe ɗaya, saboda a iya yayyafa ruwan da ruwa kowane kwana 3-4. Lokacin da sababbi suka bayyana a cikin ƙwayoyin ganyayyaki, to, za a buƙatar ƙaramin iska a kai a kai. Da farko, ana buɗe shi na awanni 1-2, sannu a hankali ana ƙaruwa lokacin iska, kuma yana rage ruwa. Makonni 3-4 kafin dasawa da tushen kafe, an cire fim gaba daya.
Idan peranin suka kasance na hunturu ba su tono, to, an rufe su da busassun itacen oak bushe, rassan spruce ko peat. Idan an kafe cutukan a wasu karfin, to za a iya saukar dasu cikin cellar ba tare da tonowa ba. Mafi sau da yawa, ana bada shawara don dasa itace a cikin bazara don girma, tsawon shekaru 2-3, sannan kuma juyawa zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa. Amma zaka iya dasa kai tsaye a wuri mai ɗorewa don kada ka cutar da asalin sa.
Rooting kore cuttings
Apricot yaduwa ta hanyar lanignified cuttings
Za a iya girbe huhun gero a lokacin tsawon ragowar itacen - daga kaka bayan ganye ya faɗi har zuwa bazara, lokacin da huhun bai riga ya fara kumbura ba. Kyauron da aka girbe mafi kyawun girbe a lokacin faɗuwar ganye ko kuma bayansa. Tsawon kayan dasa shine 25-30 cm, kuma kauri shine milimita 6 - 8. Sashin na sama an yi shi kai tsaye sama da koda, kuma ƙananan ƙarancin kulawa ba a kula da inda koda yake.
Yankan da aka sare a faɗuwar rana ana iya dasa shi a ƙasa, amma suna iya mutu duka saboda yanayin yanayi. Sabili da haka, ana adana mafi yawan lokuta har sai lokacin bazara ko fara rooting a gida.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don adana igiyoyin:
- kawai kunsa tam a cikin jakar filastik kuma sanya a saman shiryayye na firiji;
- tare da su a cikin yashi rigar kuma runtse su cikin ƙasa mai sanyi mai sanyi;
- tono a ɓoyayyun zurfin 80 cm mai zurfi, wanda aka yi layi tare da kayan da ba sa (lutrasil ko wani abu mai kama da haka), a rufe tare da kwali ko polystyrene daga sama kuma a rufe tare da duniya.
Yana da mahimmanci cewa zazzabi a cikin wurin ajiya baya faɗuwa ƙasa 0, amma bai tashi sama da + 4ºС ba.
Za a iya girbe gurnani daga kaka zuwa farkon bazara har sai fure suka farka
Shiri na woody cuttings:
- yanke reshe;
- raba shi kashi biyu tare da kodan shida;
- ɗaure cikin ɗaure da haɗa alama;
- adana a cikin yashi rigar a cikin cellar.
A lokacin bazara, gadaje ko akwatuna suna shirye don dasa cuttings. A kasar gona dole ne permeable ga danshi da iska. Peat da yashi a cikin sassan daidai yake da haɗuwa da wannan yanayin. Tsarin wannan cakuda ƙasa a kan gado ko a cikin akwati ya kamata ya zama kusan cewa kusan dukkanin ciyayi ana dasa su a kusurwa na 45 °. Yara biyu yakamata su kasance sama da ƙasa, na ukun yana da kusanci ga saman. Tsarin dasa shuki yana cikin kwalin 10 by 10 cm, a kan gado - 10 cm tsakanin ƙwayayen kuma daga 10 zuwa 40 cm tsakanin layuka.
Cututtukan Woody suna kafe a cikin bazara a cikin wani gado gada ko ganga
Tushen wani m stalk:
- abin rikewa yana nutsar da shi a cikin ƙasa zuwa koda na biyu;
- Tushen da aka toka ya sare kadan harbe da tushen;
- dasa a cikin dindindin wuri.
Ofayan mafi mahimmancin yanayi lokacin da huɗun huhun kyawawan tushen - harbe a kai bai kamata ya inganta ba kafin Tushen.
Don yin wannan, ana amfani da ƙananan sashin rike tare da kwayoyi waɗanda ke tayar da haɓaka tsarin tushen. Kuma suka tsayar da lura da wani yanayi daya - kasar gona ya kamata sama da iska. Don wannan, an rufe gado na lambun da filastik, bayan sanya ramuka a ciki don kowane makama. A gida, an sanya akwati mai ƙyalli a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi, kuma ana sanya fitila mai rauni a ƙarƙashinsa. Tare da wannan dumama, yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa wanda aka rufe shi da fim bai kamata ya wuce 18-20ºС ba, kuma ya kamata ya kasance mai laushi koyaushe, amma ba rigar.
Tsarin yaduwar Apricot ta sanya filayen iska
Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake yaduwar ciyayi na apricot shine saka iska.
A cikin bazara, zaɓi reshe tare da karuwa na wannan shekara. An gano iyakar tsakanin ci gaban wannan shekara da ta gabata. Kuna buƙatar dawowa daga wannan iyakar kusa da itaciyar, wato, bisa ga haɓakar shekarar da ta gabata, santimita 10 da yin ƙananan madauwari biyu zuwa mil da rabi zurfi a nesa nesa da daidai rassa ɗaya da rabi. Mun cire haushi tsakanin incliyoyin. An yi juzu'iyoyi guda huɗu tare da reshe a saman wurin da aka cire haushi. Muna kula da duk lalacewa tare da magani wanda ke ƙarfafa tushen samuwar.
Mun sanya jakar filastik tare da sare da yanke. Mun gyara tef ɗin a ƙasa wurin cire haushi tare da tef, tef ko waya. Zuba ƙasa mai laushi ko sphagnum a cikin jaka, a baya don so ለአንድ rana. Canasa na iya zama daban-daban: saya, cakuda humus tare da yashi, ɗanɗana fulawa tare da humus har ma da ƙasa daga lambun ku. Tsarin ƙasa mai kauri daga 1.5-2 cm yakamata ya rufe reshe ɗan sama sama da madaidaicin yanki. Latsa ƙasa zuwa reshe kuma gyara babba gefen jaka.
Don dasa tushe ba tare da ware shi daga reshe ba
Ruwan Sama:
- yanke haushi;
- saka jakar filastik tare da sare;
- hanzarta daga ƙasa;
- zuba ƙasa mai laushi ko sphagnum;
- daura a kai.
Haske kai tsaye na rana zai haifar da gurɓatarwar iska. Soilasa a cikin jaka ta cika da zafi kuma reshe ya mutu. Don hana wannan faruwa, a saman kunshin tare da ƙasa, zaku iya kunsa farin zane ko jaridu a cikin yadudduka uku.
Don farawa ya girma tsaye, an ɗaura shi da reshe na kusa ko wata irin tallafi. Dole ne a kula da yadda ƙasan da ke jikin reshen ba ta bushewa. Idan bazara ta yi zafi ba, za ku ji daɗi sau da yawa.
Lokacin da tushen ya zama a bayyane a cikin jaka, an raba seedling daga reshe kuma an cire jakar. A sprig tare da tushen za a iya dasa nan da nan a cikin wani wuri na dindindin, amma ba shi da tushen tsakiyar, da waɗanda ke da rauni sosai. Zai fi kyau dasa irin wannan seedling a cikin tukunya kuma, bayan faɗuwa daga ganyayyaki, tsaftace shi a cikin cellar ko ɗakin sanyi inda zazzabi ba zai tashi sama da 5 ° C ba, amma ba zai daskare ba.
A cikin bazara, ana shuka iri na cikin wuri mai ɗorewa.
Rooting Jirgin Sama - Bidiyo
Apricot yaduwa daga tushen harbe
Apricot da wuya yada shi daga tushen harbe. Ana iya ɗaukar overgrowth daga bishiyun da aka girma daga zuriya, kuma yana bayyana idan tushen lalacewar ƙwayoyin, sanyi ko kuma ɓangaren apricot ya mutu.
Amma idan harbi ya riga ya bayyana, to kuna buƙatar haƙa ƙasa a hankali a kusa da shi, ku sami tushe daga abin da ya tafi, yanke ɗanɗanar tare da wani ɓangaren tushen kuma nan da nan dasa shi a cikin dindindin. Wannan zai fi kyau a farkon bazara kafin budding. A lokacin bazara, itaciyar tana kafe sosai kuma tana ƙarfafawa. Dole ne a kula da wurin da aka sare akan tushen dole tare da nau'in lambun don gujewa lalata.
Tushen harbi yana rabu da babban tushe tare da wani ɓangare na tushen fibrous
Apricot iri yaduwa
An shuka tsaba na apricot a cikin kaka, bayan soaking su na rana ɗaya cikin ruwa. An sanya kasusuwa a cikin tsagi 6 cm zurfi a nesa na 10 cm daga juna, an rufe shi da duniya, kuma an yayyafa shi da humus da ciyawa a saman. Harbi zai bayyana a lokacin bazara. Suna buƙatar samun kariya daga tsuntsaye da maciji. Ana iya yin wannan tare da kwalabe filastik mai sauƙi tare da sarewa. A lokacin bazara, seedlings zasu girma kuma a lokacin bazara za'a iya dasa su zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa. Irin waɗannan bishiyoyi sun fara yin 'ya'yan itace a shekara ta biyar. Amma bishiyun da suka girma daga dutse basu da lafiya kuma sun fi dacewa da yanayin yanayin gida.
Shuka kernels apricot a cikin kaka - bidiyo
Watering apricot
Apricot yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan haƙuri itatuwan lambu mai haƙuri. Amma idan bashi da isasshen danshi, apricot yayi girma a hankali, yayi tsufa da sauri, yana ba fruitsan fruitsan itaciya, kuma basa iyawa. Itace ana shayar da bishiyoyi a cikin da'irar kusa-kusa, wanda aka kafa yayin dasawa kuma ya karu kowace shekara zuwa girman kambi, ko kuma a cikin tsagi da aka haƙa kamar matakin tsinkayar kambi.
A ƙasa karkashin apricot bukatar a wetted warai, don haka daya watering sau da yawa ana zuba ruwa a cikin akwati
Za'a iya samun amfanin gona mai kyau ta hanyar sanyaya ƙasa zuwa zurfin 40-60 cm yayin duk lokacin girma, wato, daga bazara zuwa kaka. Na farko watering ne da za'ayi a lokacin da ovaries bayyana, sabõda haka, ba su fada. Na biyu watering - lokacin da 'ya'yan itacen ripens. Ana buƙatar ruwa sosai ga itace a ƙarshen Yuni - farkon Yuli, lokacin da tsaba suka taurare. A lokaci guda, an dage farawa daga fure fure. A nan gaba, ana yin ƙarin rafuka biyu a watan Agusta da Satumba. A bayyane yake cewa irin wannan mashahurin watering ya zama yalwatacce.
Apricot na bukatar karin akai-akai da kuma yalwataccen watering a watan Yuni
Amma duk ya dogara da ƙasa wanda gonar tayi girma. A kan yashi da yashi loamy kasa shi wajibi ne don ruwa ba sau hudu a shekara, amma mafi sau da yawa. A kan loam - ya danganta da yanayin.
Watering apricot a lokacin fure
Yawancin lambu, ciki har da kwararru, suna jayayya cewa ba shi yiwuwa a shayar da 'ya'yan itace bishiyoyi da apricots, musamman, a lokacin fure. Idan babu ɗan danshi a cikin ƙasa a bazara, sannan a karo na farko ana shayar da bishiyoyi kafin a fara fure, kuma a karo na biyu kwanaki 15-20 bayan kammalawa.
Ricwan fure mai kama da kama da girgije da aka kama a kan rassan itace
Yadda ake ajiye apricot daga daskararren bazara
Apricot blooms sosai da wuri, da kuma dawo da sanyi sau da yawa barin kowa ba tare da amfanin gona.
Akwai 'yan hanyoyi kadan don yin itace ta makara:
- A farkon Yuni, tsunkule wannan shekara ta girma. Itace zai fara girma daga rassan gefensa kuma ya ɗora sabbin furannin fure a jikinsu. Zasu yi fure sati guda a latti, wato, itaciyar tana da raha ta biyu na fure, kuma amfanin gona zai kasance.
- A cikin hunturu, suna damƙar da dusar ƙanƙara a ƙarƙashin apricot tare da wani yanki na cm cm 8. Yayyafa shi da ɗanɗano da sake zuba dusar ƙanƙara. A karkashin ɗan itace, dusar ƙanƙara zata narke da yawa daga baya. Tushen zai yi sanyi tsawon lokaci, kuma itaciyar za ta bar zuwa ƙarshen lokacin hutawa. Sabili da haka, zai yi fure daga baya.
- A farkon bazara, kafin a buɗe furanni, ana fesa bishiyoyi da shirye-shiryen da ke ƙunshe da kayan taimako. Wannan zai jinkirta furanni tsawon kwana goma.
- Ko kuma aka fesa shi da maganin urea. Fulawa zai motsa zuwa mako biyu.
- Ana kula da bishiyoyi har sai kodan ya kumbura tare da kashi uku na maganin Bordeaux. Baya ga kariya daga sanyi, wannan magani zai kuma kare itatuwa daga cututtuka.
- Kafin fure, tare da kumbura mai kumburi, 600-700 g ta 10 l na ruwa ana fesawa tare da maganin da aka samo na sodium chloride. Wannan na iya jinkirta fure tsawon kwanaki 7-14.
Siffofin girma apricots a yankuna daban-daban
A Tsakiyar Russia, bishiyoyin apricot sau da yawa suna daskare saboda ƙarancin bishiyoyi. Don guje wa wannan, farawa a watan Agusta, ana zubar da bishiyoyi tare da maganin ash: lita na can na ash a lita 10 na ruwa, nace kwanaki 3. Wannan yana taimakawa dakatar da ci gaban harbe da saurin girma. Yawanci, buhu 5-10 na ash bayani yana taimakawa apricots ci gaba a cikin gajeren lokacin rani da kuma cikakken shiri don yanayin sanyi don faɗuwar ganye.
A cikin kewayen birni da yankin Smolensk, yana da kyau a dasa apricot a kan tuddai tare da diamita na 2 mita da tsawo na har zuwa 60 cm, har ma a wuraren da babu matsala na ruwan ƙasa. Tun da wuri mai saurin al'adu yayin narke shine haushi kusa da tushen wuya. Tare da tsagewa mai zurfi, dusar ƙanƙara da ke kusa da ciyawar za ta narke cikin sauri, ruwa mai narkewa zai gangara ƙwanƙolin tudun.
Seedlingsa'idodin Apricot ba su da tushe a Yankin Leningrad, amma ana iya shuka bishiyoyi daga tsire-tsire waɗanda aka shuka a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Khakassia: Amur, Serafim, Khabarovsky, Akademik, BAM, Kyauta zuwa BAM, " Amur na farko "Sayan", "Mountain Abakan", "Siberian Baikalov", "Gabas Siberian".
A cewar masu lambu a cikin Leningrad, babban dalilin mutuwar bishiyoyi apricot shine lalacewar tushen abin wuya a bazara. Sabili da haka, a wannan yankin, irin wannan babban saukowa ya dace kamar yadda ake amfani da shi a cikin yankin.
Babban haɗarin haɗarin haɗuwa yana da alaƙa (a gare ku) tare da tushen rukunin wuyan wuyan wuyansa (saboda haka saukowa kan ƙugiya yana nunawa) da farkon yaduwar tayin. buds (sabili da haka, tare da hawa da sauka na bazara, damar girbi sun yi kadan). Ina tsammanin yanayin gandun daji (Pine) ba mai haɗari ba, akasin haka, zai kawo sauyin yanayi.
toliam1 St. Petersburg//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=183440
Tanyusha, babbar matsalar apricot ita ce tsufa, don haka ba a so ne musamman rufe tushen gangar jikin. Ya kamata a dasa apricot ɗinmu a kan plum, kuma a cikin kambi, to, damar haɓaka ya yi yawa sosai. Kuma, hakika, dasa a cikin wuri mafi zafi a cikin lambu. Tabbas, itacen girma a cikin fure wani abu ne!
Natalie St. Petersburg//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=183440
A Belarus, al'adun noma ba su da bambanci da waɗanda ake amfani da su a tsakiyar Rasha. 'Yan lambu - masu koyar da wannan sansanin sun yanke shawarar cewa sun dace da zabin Rasha da kuma zaɓi na gida suna ɗauka sosai. An ba da shawarar nau'ikan apricot na zaɓi na gida "Znakhodka" da "Spadchyna", da Rashanci - "Alyosha" da "Minusinsky amber".
A Siberiya, wanda ya hada da yankin Omsk, kuma a cikin Urals, gami da yankin Chelyabinsk, apricots na graped suna girma sosai. Yanke bishiyun bishiyar Khabarovsk, Khakass da Chelyabinsk an liƙa su akan irin itacen Kirkin Manchu. A kan ƙasa mai rigar sosai, apricot ya mutu. An zaɓi wurin don namo shi da rana, an kiyaye shi daga iska, kuma inda ruwan ƙasa bai wuce mita 2.5 ba.
Hanyar aikin gona na apricot namo ya dan bambanta da kulawa da sauran 'ya'yan itatuwa na dutse. Ana iya girma ko da a yankuna inda yanayin yanayin ci gaban sa bai dace da waɗannan bishiyoyi ba. Abin sani kawai ya zama dole don yin la’akari da peculiarities na girma apricots a cikin wani yanki, bi duk ka'idodin yin aiki tare da shuka a wannan yankin, ku yi ƙoƙari. Kuma sakamakon ba zai ragu ba.
