Mafi yawan masu lambu suna da tabbacin cewa sun san komai game da narkar da karas. Koyaya, koyaushe ba zai yiwu a tattara girbi mai yawa ba. Wannan tsire-tsire ba za a iya kira shi da matuƙar mahimmanci ba kuma yana da bukatar kulawa, amma kuma yana da nasa "buri" don yanayin namowa, ingancin ma'adinan, lokacin shuka, da sauransu. Yana da kyau ku fahimci kanku tare da waɗannan lambobin a gaba.
Yadda za a zabi karas iri-iri
An gabatar da ire-iren ire-iren wadatar karas a cikin shagunan a babban tsari. Russianasashen Rasha da na ƙasashen waje suna ciyar da kullun sabbin iri. Kowane zaɓi yana da nasa damar da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba, saboda haka yana da wuya a yi zaɓi. Yana da Dole a yin la'akari ba kawai bayyanar da bayyana ɗanɗanar 'ya'yan itacen ba. Wannan yana da mahimmanci, amma ba mahimmanci ba. Sauran dalilai masu yanke hukunci ne: tsawon lokacin girman girma, daidaituwar ingancin kayan aiki, rayuwar shiryayye, dacewa ga namo a wani yanki, la'akari da sauyin yanayi, da kuma ikon jure yanayin 'yan iska.
An gabatar da tsaba na karas a cikin shaguna na musamman a cikin tsari mai yawa, idan ya zo ga zabi, yana da sauƙi a rikice
Nan da nan zaka iya kirkiro wasu ka'idoji na gaba daya:
- Karas-ɗan itace mai ɗanɗano ya fi dacewa da dasawa da wuri.
- Karas tare da amfanin gona mai elongated suna buƙatar ƙarin tillage kafin shuka. Dole ne a haƙa shi zuwa zurfin aƙalla 25 cm.
- Daban-daban da kuma nau'ikan halittu masu haɓakawa a cikin Rasha, idan aka kwatanta da na kasashen waje, suna da ɗanɗano daɗin ɗanɗano da ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin bitamin, macro- da microelements. Hakanan ana san su ta hanyar ingantaccen tsari da kuma ingantaccen kariya. Karas na waje zai iya bambanta wannan tare da kawai bayyanar bayyanar.
- Ana karantar da karas da wuri saboda dandano, amma ba a bambanta su da alherin su. Ana iya adana nau'in-ripening iri iri. Sun bambanta a cikin mafi yawan abun ciki na sukari da yawan aiki.
Akwai fewan iri da suka dace da dasa shuki a kowane yanki na Rasha. Yana da kyau har yanzu mafi kyau sayi yanki, musamman dacewa da yanayin damina da yanayin yanayin wani yanki. Mafi sau da yawa, irin wannan bayanin yana kan kunshin tare da tsaba. Ko kuma zaku iya bincika a cikin Rijistar Kula da Ciwon Nasara na Stateasa. Daga cikin na duniya waɗanda za ku iya suna karas Alyonka, Nantes, Sarauniyar kaka, Cardinal.
Alyonka karas iri-iri a Rasha cikin nasara yana ɗaukar tushe kuma yana kawo albarkatu a duk inda ya yiwu aikin lambu
Musamman hankali yakamata ya zama yan lambu dake zaune a yankin da ake kira da hadarin noma. A tsakiyar Rasha, kusan kowane karas za'a iya shuka shi. Amma a cikin Urals, a Siberiya, a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya, galibi suna zaɓar yanki.
Ana daukar nau'ikan da yawa a farkon lokacin da za a iya girbe amfanin gona kwanaki 85-100 bayan fitowar shuka. Mafi mashahuri tsakanin lambu shine karas Minikor, Tushon, Peerless, Nantes, Artek, Rex. Tsarin nau'ikan-bishewa sun girma cikin kwanaki 100-110. Waɗannan sun haɗa da, alal misali, karas Samson, Callisto F1, Vitamin, Geranda, Boltex. Ana girbe nau'in latti ne sama da kwanaki 125 bayan fitowar su. Yawancin nau'ikan sune Chantane, Red Giant, Kanada, Monastic, Valeria, Flaccoro, Scarl, Red Cor. A bu mai kyau a dasa shuki da dama na dabino daban-daban domin ripening na tushen amfanin gona ya gudana a hankali.
Mutane kalilan sun san cewa karas sune shuka tare da sake zagayowar ci gaban shekaru biyu: idan kun bar tushen amfanin gona a gonar don hunturu, zaku iya tattara tsaba a kaka mai zuwa.
Ku ɗanɗani da yawan amfanin ƙasa su ne ƙa'idodi waɗanda galibi ke yin la'akari da shi. Mafi kyau game da wannan shine nau'ikan karas Forto, Minikor, Callisto F1, Karotel. Yana da mahimmanci da girma. Manyan tushen albarkatun gona sun girma a saukowa da girman Rasha, Emperor, Rogneda, Ramosa, Typhoon, Vita Longa.
Matsayi mai dacewa don al'adu
Juyar da amfanin gona yana da matukar muhimmanci ga aikin noma. Karas a cikin wannan yanki ana shuka su bai wuce shekara biyu a jere ba. Sannan a lokaci guda yana da kyawawa don mamaye shi tare da siderates ko tsire-tsire daga dangin legume. Suna haɓaka ingancin substrate, yayin cika shi tare da nitrogen. Mafi kyawun magabata don al'adun sune Suman (cucumbers, zucchini, kabewa), Solanaceae (tumatir, eggplant, dankali, barkono) da Cruciferous (kabeji, radish, radish, daikon).
Eggplants, kamar sauran Solanaceae, sune maƙwabta waɗanda suka dace da magabata.
Ba'a ba da shawarar shuka karas bayan wasu tsire-tsire daga gidan Umbrella (dill, faski, seleri, parsnip, anise, cumin, Fennel). Sune mugayen makwabta mata. Irin wannan jingina na gadaje yana ƙara haɗarin mutuwar yawancin ko duka amfanin gona saboda cutar fungi da kuma kwaro. Wani magabata da ba'a sonsu shine ganye ne na ganye. Karas na iya fama da farin fari. A rarrabuwa ya ƙi yin tsiro bayan sunflower da taba.
Kasancewar dill ko wasu tsire-tsire daga gidan Umbrella kusa da karas yana ƙara haɗarin haɗarin cututtukan haɓaka da kuma kamuwa da kwaro
Kyakkyawan mafita shine sanya albasa da karas a kusa. Wannan yana da tasirin gaske akan amfanin gonar biyu. Albasa yadda yakamata ta kara da karas ta tashi, kuma tana da tasiri iri daya a kan albasa.
Albasa da karas da aka dasa a nan kusa suna fitar da kwari masu cutarwa daga juna
An zaba gado na karas saboda a lokacin rana yana yin haske duk lokacin da rana zai yiwu. Haske kai tsaye ba ya shafar shuka. Amma rashin haske da zafi yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa tushen amfanin gona ya lalace, sirara da ƙarami. Naman jikin su mai wuya ne kuma kusan babu iyawa. Kyakkyawan iska ma kyawawa ne.
Hasken rana da zafi suna da matukar muhimmanci ga ci gaban tushen amfanin gona
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci shine matakin ruwan ƙasa. Yakamata kada su kusanci saman sama da mita. Yawan adadin gansakuka da kuma tasarma mai dumbin yawa tana nuna in ba haka ba. Kowane ƙasa mai tudu da tudu ba za a cire su ba. Wurin zai zama mai santsi, in ba haka ba za a wanke tsaba kawai daga gonar idan lokacin bazara ya fito da ruwa.
Dasa karas a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara: kwanakin shuka
Wani lamari dake tantance lokacin dasa karas shine yanayin damina da yanayin kowane yanki. Misali, a kudu na Rasha an riga an yi wannan a farkon farkon Afrilu. A cikin yankuna masu yanayin yanayi, yana da kyau a shirya tsarin a ƙarshen wannan watan ko a farkon Mayu. A Siberiya, Urals, Far East, Arewa da Arewa maso Yamma, an jinkirta shi zuwa wani makonni 2.5-4.
Yanayin iska a lokacin disembarkation yakamata ya tabbata a kusan 9-12 ° C da dare kuma 15-18 ° C a rana. Har ila yau, ana buƙatar yarda da ƙasa don dumama. Kyakkyawan jagora a cikin wannan shine alamun mutane. Karas an bada shawarar a dasa su a rana ta 23 bayan farawa na farko na coltsfoot, kuma lokacin da Birch da currant buds suka fara toho, forsythia, hazel, da violet zasu yi fure.
Farkon furannin hazel yana nufin cewa ƙasa ta riga ta ɗora sosai, kuma zaku iya fara dasa karas
Returnaramar dawowar bazara mai sanyi zuwa -5ºС bazai kashe tsaba karas ba, musamman idan kun fara ɗaure gado tare da kowane kayan rufe. Amma ingancin sa zai iya tsaurara sosai. Koyaya, ba shi da kyau a gaggauta dasa karas a gaban kowa. Tsaba suna stained, rot tasowa. Harbi ba ya bayyana tsawon lokaci, koda wadancan samfuran da aka dasa kwanaki 10-15 bayan haka “cim” su.
Kada ku yi sauri da yawa tare da dasa karas - idan kasar gona har yanzu tana da sanyi, harbe zai bayyana ba a baya ba, amma daga baya fiye da yadda aka saba
Ana shuka karas da farko. Tsakiyar lokacin-tsakiyar da marigayi - tare da tazara na kimanin makonni biyu. Too ja kuma bai cancanci. Idan kun shuka karas mai cikakke-20 a cikin 20 ga Yuni, ba za ku iya jira kawai ba lokacin sanyi na farko, musamman a lokacin bazarar Ural da Siberian.
Yawancin lambu a cikin al'amuran dasa wasu albarkatu suna jagorar shawarwarin kalanda. Amma bin umarninsa a makanta, wataƙila, har yanzu bai cancanci ba. Shuka karas idan ya yi ruwan sama akan titi ko dusar ƙanƙara aƙalla cikin rashin hankali, ko da a ranar da za'a bayyana farin jini.
A cikin 2019, ana ba da shawarar karas a cikin ranakun masu zuwa:
- Mayu: 1, 4, 5, 6, 12-14, 21-23.
- Yuni: 10, 11, 12, 20-21.
Wadanda alamomin kasa ke jagora, suna kokarin yin wannan a ranakun "mata" na mako (Laraba, Juma'a, Asabar). An yi imani da cewa a wannan yanayin, karas yana nuna mafi kyawun germination.
Bidiyo: yaushe ne mafi kyawun shuka karas
Tsarin gado
Shirya gadaje don karas daidai hanya ɗaya ce ga duk sauran albarkatu. Ko da yake mutane da yawa lambu watsi da shi, a mafi kyau loosening kasar gona a cikin fall.
Karas sun fi son murhun wuta wanda ba ya riƙe ruwa kuma ba ya tsangwama da yanayin al'ada. Don haka, dole ne a haƙa gado sau biyu. A karo na farko - zuwa zurfin aƙalla 30 cm, na biyu - 15-20 cm. A cikin m, ƙasa mai nauyi, tushen amfanin gona na madaidaici tsari da masu girma dabam na nau'ikan ba sa yaduwa. Kwanakin 7-10 bayan digging na biyu, an rufe gado da kwayoyin halitta (cakuda takin da aka dafa ko humus tare da dunƙulen peat a cikin daidai gwargwado), ciyarwa 5-7 l / m², kuma hagu har zuwa bazara. Fresh taki karkashin karas ba da shawarar. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da shi wajen shirya gadaje don al'adun da suka gabata, wato, shekara ɗaya da rabi kafin dasa shi.
Don karas, kwance ƙasa na da matukar muhimmanci, don haka a hankali suna tono gado fiye da sau ɗaya
Kuna iya gyara ingancin substrate. Zai fi dacewa da karas - chernozem, loam m, mai yarda - sandy loam, daji sierozem, sod-podzolic ƙasa. Foda yumbu a cikin nauyin 10 kilogiram a kowace mita mai layi a kan gado lalle ya zama ƙara ƙasa mai haske sosai. A cikin m muddy ko peaty ƙasa - yashi a cikin rabo. Yi hankali da zaɓi Tushen tsire, tsiron, sauran datti. An fuskance shi da barbashi mai kazamin tushe, amfanin gona mai lalacewa, gurgunta, mai lankwasa.
Daidai da mahimmanci shine ma'aunin acid-base. Al'adun fi son ƙasa tsaka tsaki. Idan wannan ba haka bane, gari dolomite, lemun tsami slaked, murƙushe zuwa jihar powdery na harsashi na albarkatun kaza, an shigar da alli a cikin ƙasa acidic. Usefularin amfani mai amfani don substrate na alkaline shine needles, sabo ne na bishiyun bishiyoyi, peat.
Dolomite gari - deoxidizer na ƙasa na ƙasa, batun da aka bada shawarar sashi, ba shi da wata illa
Kimanin kwanaki 15 kafin dasawar da aka shirya, an lalatar da ƙasa da takin, potash (10-15 g / m²) da phosphate (25-30 g / m²). Mafi na yau da kullun sune potassium sulfate, kalimagnesia, mai sauƙi da superphosphate mai sauƙi. Ba a son amfani da nitrogen (kuma musamman don yin nisa da shi). Nitrate marasa lafiya suna tara yawan amfanin gona. Tushen wannan macroelement zai zama kwayoyin halitta wanda aka gabatar dashi a cikin bazara.
Waɗanda suke saboda dalilai ɗaya ko wata ƙin ma'adinai na ma'adinai na iya maye gurbinsu da katuwar itacen ash. Ya ƙunshi ba kawai potassium da phosphorus ba, har ma da magnesium, sodium, baƙin ƙarfe, sulfur, zinc, molybdenum. Wannan takin yana nuna godiya ba kawai ta hanyar tallafin kayan gona ba, har ma da waɗanda suka fi son tattara ƙwayar karas da kansu. Kwarewarsu yana nuna cewa lokacin amfani da takin ma'adinai suna lalata bayan shekaru 3-4. Lokacin dasawa, a maimakon karas ɗaya na al'ada, ana kafa "gemu" na tushen fibrous da yawa. Sun kuma bayar da hujjar cewa tushen albarkatu da aka hadu tare da ash ana iya adana su, ba mai zafin rai ba, suna da madaidaicin suttura.
Ash ash itace mai matukar amfani kuma cikakke takin zamani
Idan substrate akan makircin ya fi dacewa da karas, a matsayin ɓangare na shirye-shiryen, ya isa ya dasa kowane tsire-tsire na siderat a ƙarshen bazara. Kusan ƙarshen Oktoba, an sare ciyawar da kuma dasa a cikin ƙasa. Wannan babban takin zamani ne.
Lear mustard yana daya daga cikin shahararrun siderates; ba wai kawai yana inganta ingancin substrate ba, har ma yana maganin kwari da yawa.
Matsakaicin shimfidar gadaje na karas shine 0.8-1.2 m. Idan kun sa shi riga, dole ne ku samar da yawa lokaci daya - tare da ɗaya abu ne mai wuya ku sami amfanin gona mai yawa. Tare da faɗin mafi girma, matsaloli sun taso tare da weeding, watering, da girbi. Tsawon ya dogara da yanki na filin infield da kuma sha'awar lambu. Babu buƙatar sanya tudun ya yi tsayi, amma har yanzu yana da kyau a ɗaga ta da 10-12 cm.Wannan zai taimaka wajen riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa tare da rashi yanayin ruwa, kuma a kawar da yalwar sa a ruwan sama mai ƙarfi.
Idan kayi gado don karas ma kunkuntar, bazai yi aiki ba don tattara amfanin gona mai yawa, kuma a kan babba yana da wahala ku kula da shuka
Shuka iri na jiyya
Wannan matakin shiri ne kawai don cire manyan karas tsaba kama dragees, hybrids na kasashen waje zaɓi bi da tare da fungicides da kwari (fentin a cikin wani sabon abu launi). Sun riga sun gama shirye su sauka. Amma irin waɗannan tsaba suna da tsada sosai, da yawa lambu suna fi son su adana kuɗi kuma suna yin duk abin da suke buƙata da kansu. Haka kuma, babu wani abu mai rikitarwa game da wannan.
Tsarin karas na hakika suna shirye don dasawa kuma basu buƙatar ƙarin matakai
Kuna iya yin irin waɗannan kwayoyin magani da kanku, kodayake dole kuyi tinker. Dalili na abun da ke ciki shine sabo kayan dilken da ruwa 1:10. Dole ne a hade ruwan da kyau kuma a tace shi sau da yawa ta hanyar zane mai yawa. Bayan haka an tafasa, a cikin aiwatar da ƙara 20-30 na Kornevin ko Heteroauxin, 2 g na zinc sulfate, 3 g na ammonium molybdenum acid, 0.5 g na tagulla sulfate, boric acid da potassium permanganate a kowace lita. Don sandare, gelatin, syrup sugar, sitaci man, an ƙara pectin na musamman da aka haɗa. Ana kula da tsaba a cikin abun da ke ciki, suna fesawa daga bindiga da aka harba. Irin wannan karas yana haɓaka kwanaki 7-15 a baya fiye da yadda aka saba.
Abu na farko da yakamata ayi shine ka duba tsirarwar tsaba. Don yin wannan, ana saka su cikin maganin maganin sodium chloride (15-20 g / l). Minti 7-10 sun isa, to, waɗanda a cikin babu babu amfanuwa da tayi. Dasa su ya sa cikakken hankali ba.
Maganin gishiri yana ba ku damar yanke hukunci cikin sauri na kowane tsaba
'' Farka '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' 'farka' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' farka '' '' '' '' '' '' ',' 'a lokacin hunturu kasancewar wani yanayi' 'rashin isassun' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '. Don kwanaki 7-10, a nannade cikin rigar rigar, ana sanya su da daddare akan ƙananan shiryayye na firiji, kuma a lokacin ranar ana kiyaye su a wurin da yake da ɗumi. Wani zaɓi shine maimako mai narkewa a cikin mai zafi (40-50ºС) da sanyi (18-22ºС). A karo na farko, lokacin aiki shine mintuna biyar, don na biyu - goma. Lokaci na uku ana fitar da tsaba da ruwan zafi kuma kawai a bar shi yayi sanyi. Hanyar tana ɗauka kwana uku.
'Yan lambu ma suna yin huda. Wannan yana ba ku damar raba lokacin shuka. An zubar da su tare da taushi, ruwa a zazzabi a zazzabi, ana haɗa compressor na al'ada tare da hagu zuwa kwana ɗaya ko ƙasa kaɗan, cike da iskar oxygen.
Aquarium compressor cikakken ruwa tare da oxygen, don tsaba yana da amfani sosai
Karas na karas, musamman girbe da kansa, na iya zama yan dako na ƙwayoyin fungi, cututtukan cututtukan hoto. Ko da an saya su ne a shago, bai kamata a yi watsi da kamuwa da cuta ba. Ana zubar da tsaba a cikin lilin ko jakarta ta ciki kuma a nitsar da ita a cikin lokacin farin ciki mai ruwan hoda na potassium na dindindin na tsawon awanni 2-3.
Potassium permanganate - daya daga cikin abubuwan gama-gari
Lokacin aiwatarwa ana iya ragewa zuwa mintina 15-20 idan ana amfani da fungicides na zamani, shirye-shiryen dauke da tagulla na asalin halitta. Suna nan lafiya don lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli. Mafi mashahuri a tsakanin lambu shine Phytosporin-M, Phytocide, Phytolavin, Alirin-B, Previkur. An wanke tsaba da aka bi da ke ƙarƙashin ruwan rafi mai sanyi, wanda zai bushe zuwa yanayin gudanawa.
Mataki na karshe na aiki shine amfani da kwayoyin halitta. Ana aiwatar da hanyar kamar kwana ɗaya ko biyu kafin dasa shuki, tsaba bayan ba a wanke ba. Yin aiki yana ɗaukar awoyi 6-8. Kuna iya amfani da magungunan da aka siya duka biyu (Rizoplan, Epin, PhytoDoctor, Immunocytophyte), da magungunan gargajiya (dankalin turawa da ruwan lemun tsami, ruwan zuma mai tsami tare da ruwa, allunan acid na succinic, mumiyo, baking soda). Maganin 0.02% na boric acid da kuma 0.01% maganin cobalt nitrate zai taimaka inganta girbin nan gaba.
Magunguna na kan adam suna jimre wa aikin da babu matsala fiye da siyayyar ƙwayoyin halittu
Idan akwai sha'awar samun wuri (kusan kwanaki 4-7) da harbe-harben taro, har yanzu ana buƙatar ƙaddamar da tsaba. An sake nannade su cikin rigar rigar, zauze, adiko na goge baki da kuma sanyawa cikin wuri mai ɗumi a cikin ɗakin. Hanya mafi sauki don sanya su a cikin saucer kuma saka baturin dumama. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki biyar don tsaba su tsaya. A wannan yanayin, ba a cire magani tare da kwayoyin halitta ba.
Shuka karas da aka shuka sun fito da sauri
Musamman zaɓaɓɓen karas tsaba don shuka a cikin hunturu. Ya kamata su zama manya, ba gurbata ba kuma dole ne ya bushe. Duk wani soya yayin shirye-shiryen an cire - kayan dasa za su daskare kawai.
Karas a cikin lambu ana shuka su ne na musamman tare da tsaba, ba a aiwatar da namo ciyawar ba. Juyawa mai zuwa, musamman ma idan an yi jujjuyar da ruwa, za a iya lalata tushen. Sakamakon haka (idan shuka ta rayu da kwatankwacinsu), Tushen tushen ya yi ƙanana da uneven.
Bidiyo: hanyoyin shirya tsaba na karas don dasa shuki
Tsarin saukarwa
Don dasa karas a cikin ƙasa, an kirkiro furrows tare da zurfin 1.5-3 cm.Haɗan layi yana kusan cm 20. Ba a shuka iri sau da yawa, tare da tazara tsakanin cm cm 2. zurfin tsummokin yana da matukar muhimmanci. Idan sun kasance ƙanana, da tsaba za a dauke da iska ko ruwa, zurfi - su kawai ba zai germinate. Kimanin sa'o'i 2-3 kafin dasa shuki, kowane furrow an zubar da ruwan zãfi, ana zuba ɗanyen itace katako ko kuma an murƙushe shi da ƙasa mai kwasfa na kwan ƙwai.
An yayyafa tsaba tare da ƙasa, kuma suna cike da dabino na dabino. Idan har yanzu yana da kyau isa a kan titi ko ana tsammanin sanyi, yana da kyau a ƙara rufe gado kafin fitowar tare da kowane kayan rufe. Ruwa shi sau da yawa, kamar yadda saman ƙasa yake bushewa. Lokacin da tsaba suka girma, tsakiyan ya karu zuwa kwanaki 3-4.
A lokacin girma, idan yanayi ya bada dama, ana iya shuka karas sau uku - a cikin bazara, a rabin na biyu na watan Yuni da kaka, a cikin hunturu.
Bidiyo: saukarwa a cikin fili
Tsaba a cikin karas sunyi kadan, yana da wuya a dasa su a ko'ina. Don haka ka guji yin aikin sikirin, yan lambu suna amfani da wasu na'urori. Kuna iya siyan su a cikin shago ko sanya su da kanku.
Mafi mashahuri:
- Hannun mutum. A zahiri, wani iri mai tanki tare da ƙafafun biyu. Gabanta yana sanye da ruwan wukake ko ɗamara kuma an tsara shi don ƙirƙirar furrow. Smoothazantawa ta baya mai santsi da ɗaukar ƙasa. An tanadar da tanki tare da mai jigilar kayayyaki, wanda zai ba ku damar daidaita ƙarar tsaba. Akwai ƙarin ƙira "ci gaba" - tare da layuka da yawa na ƙafafun, ƙarin kwantena don takin mai magani da sauransu.
- Mai aikin piston. Akwatin filastik na elongated, mafi yawan lokuta silinda. Akwai piston a sama, rami mai zurfi a ƙasa. Dukkanin zane yayi kama da sirinji. Girma da ake buƙata na tsaba, matse piston, matsi a cikin furrows. Don hana su watsuwa, dole ne a kiyaye mai shirin ƙasa, cm cm sama da ƙasa.
- Mai aikin farauta. Ya yi kama da daskararre ruwa tare da dogon hanci mai kauri. Ana zuba tsaba a cikin akwati, tana birgima a gonar. To shuka su more ko evenasa da daidai, yana da kyau a pre-horo.
- Matattarar magana. A cikin shagunan akwai tef na musamman wanda tsaba karas an riga an glued a cikin tazara da ake buƙata. Abin kawai yana buƙatar saka shi a cikin ɓarna, an rufe shi da ƙasa kuma an shayar da shi an daidaita shi.
Hannun mutum yana da sauƙin yi da kanka
Bidiyo: dasa karas tare da mai shuka
Kayan aiki na cikin gida suna jure wa aikin babu wani abu da ya fi wannan muni fiye da waɗanda aka adana su. Don yin wannan, zaku iya daidaitawa:
- Kwalabe filastik. Ikon karamin ƙara yana rufe tare da mai karewa, an yi rami a ciki tare da zanen wucin gadi. An saka bambaro filastik a ciki, an saita shi da tef ko tef. Tsaba suna iya haɗe tare da yashi mai kyau ko ash. Ko kuma tare da liƙa da aka yi daga gari da ruwa (tablespoon kowace lita).
- Kwayoyin kwali. An yanke su cikin tsayi-tsinkaye kuma a haƙa cikin gonar. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin rijiyoyin da aka samu.
- Kunshe-kunshe na magunguna tare da mai jigilar kayayyaki. Ana iya amfani dasu idan akwai maɓalli a kansu wanda zai baka damar cire kwamfutar hannu guda ɗaya da ikon buɗe akwati.
- Tsoffin masu gishirin gishiri, masu gyaran barkono.
Akwai madadin gida da yawa zuwa mai bada piston mai shuka.
Idan an shuka karas kafin hunturu, suna zurfafa shi da ƙarfi, aƙalla 5-6 cm.Daga sama, an rufe fushin da ƙasa mai ɗorewa, wanda aka shigo da shi na kwana ɗaya ko biyu a cikin ɗakin. An shimfiɗa gado tare da cakuda humus da kwakwalwan peat. Hakanan zaka iya zuba yashi a kan furrow - don haka zai zama sauƙi a same su a cikin bazara.
M tef tare da tsaba karas ne kawai dage farawa a cikin furrow, to, an rufe shi da ƙasa
Hanyar dasa karas
Yawancin lambu suna yin gwaji tare da hanyoyin dasa karas kuma a lokaci guda a hankali suke tattara amfanin gona mai kyau. Bayan an kusa yin bincike, sai a ga cewa abin mamaki ne, a kallon farko, hanyoyin ba su da wata fa’ida bayyananniya.
A cikin guga ba tare da tushe ba
Baya ga bulo, suna amfani da tsoffin ganga, tukwane da sauransu. Irin wannan akwati za'a iya sanyawa a kowane kusurwa na shingen lambu tare da ƙarancin sarari.
Da farko kuna buƙatar cire tushe gaba ɗaya ko rawar soja ramuka mai yawa a ciki da ganuwar. Kwandon ya kusan rabin cika da cakuda ciyawar lambu ta ƙasa da humus, kimanin makonni 2-2.5 kafin dasa shuki, ana shayar da shi sosai tare da maganin kowane takin nitrogen (10-15 g a 10 l).
Tushen Tushen da aka shuka a cikin guga abin gabatarwa ne kuma babba ne
Kafin fitowar, an rufe guga - wannan yana kawar da haɗarin cewa za a wanke tsaba daga ƙasa ko kuma an busa shi. Amfani da ke a cikin tanki yana ɗaukar sama da sauri, don haka amfanin gona ya farfado a baya. Abubuwan da ke fitowa suna rufe ƙasa, a hankali suna cika guga gaba ɗaya. A lokacin bazara, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar yawan yin shuka da takin gargajiya na yau da kullun tare da takin gargajiya. Karas suna da santsi kuma suna da girma sosai.
Ana iyakance adadin tushen amfanin gona a cikin guga. Yawan haɓaka yana ƙaruwa sosai idan ka ƙara yankin dasa zuwa akwatin katako mai 20-25 cm. Daga kaka, kowane tarkace Organic zai faɗi ƙasa, sannan humus da ƙasa na al'ada. Irin wannan bazara tana shayar da sauri sosai a cikin bazara.
A karkashin ciyawa
Ciyawa yadda yakamata yana kare ƙasa daga matsanancin zafi da zafi, yana adana lokaci na mai shukar shuki akan kwararar ciyawa. Remainsasa ta rage tsawon lokaci - wannan karas yana da ƙaunar. Kyakkyawan mazaunin ƙasa ne don samar da humus.
Hanyar kuma tana da mahimmancin lalacewa - idan an yanyanka ciyawa, ciyawa, ciyawa ana amfani dasu kamar ciyawa, mice da sauran daskararru ana shuka su a can. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine humus, peat crumbs, kore kore, nettle. Ba a yi amfani da allura, yana ƙarfafa acid sosai.
Mulching gadaje tare da karas, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, yana taimaka wa mai lambu ya ba da lokaci a kan shuka kuma ya ƙara tsaka-tsakin tsakanin ruwa
An rufe gado mai cike da ciyawa lokacin da shukar ta girma zuwa 12-15 cm ba tsayi, kuma kauri daga amfanin gona ya kai ƙaramin yatsa. Byasa ta wannan lokaci tabbas zai iya yin zafi sosai - ciyawa ba ta tsaya ba kawai zafi, amma kuma sanyi. Zuba zazzabi na 7-8 cm Idan ka cika shi, tsirrai na iya "ƙonewa".
Bidiyo: fasali na gadaje karas mulching
Tare da hydrogel
Hydrogel wani abu ne na roba, ƙananan ƙananan kwalliya ne masu launin launuka masu yawa ko lu'ulu'u ne. Mai hana ruwa ruwa, suna haɓaka da ƙarfi, yayin da suke kwance da kuma matattara mai canzawa.
Hydrogel yana riƙe da danshi na dogon lokaci, yana cike ƙasa da shi
Lokacin dasa karas, an riga an sanya granules kumbura a cikin furrow, an zubar da ruwa mai dumi, kuma an yayyafa su da tsaba daga sama. Idan kayi amfani da hydrogel, hadarin mold da lalacewa yana ragu sosai. Harbe yana bayyana da sauri - bayan kusan mako guda. Watering gado ne ƙasa da na kowa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga yan lambu waɗanda basu iya rayuwa har abada a shafin.
Kissel
Dandalin jelly a wannan yanayin bashi da mahimmanci, sabili da haka, an shirya shi kawai daga sitaci da ruwa. Game da 30 g an narkar da shi a cikin 100 ml kuma, a hankali zuba cikin karamin kwanon (1 l) cike da ruwa, a kawo tafasa. Yaƙin da ya ƙare ya kamata ya kasance viscous, amma ba tare da lumps ba.
Kimanin teaspoon guda na tsaba sun isa gilashin ɗaya. Suna buƙatar haɗuwa sosai kuma ruwan an zuba a cikin wani teapot, ana iya shayarwa tare da kunkuntar hanci da sauransu.
Kissels tare da tsaba karas suna gauraye sosai saboda ana rarrabawa su kamar yadda zai yiwu
An shirya furrow wanda aka shirya da jelly, an rufe shi da ƙasa daga sama kuma an ɗan jika shi. Kimanin mil 250 na furrow ya isa. Sitaci abinci ne mai kyau don tsaba, seedlings sun bayyana kusan mako guda a baya, seedlings suna haɓaka aiki sosai.
Bidiyo: jelly don dasa karas
A cikin chinese
Karas na kasar Sin suna girma a cikin combs. Wannan yana bawa kasar gona damar dumama sauri, tsire-tsire suna karɓar ƙarin hasken rana. Da mahimmanci yana rage haɗarin ruwa. Girbi yana da sauƙin girbi.
Matsakaicin tsayin dutsen yana da cm 20-30. Tsaka-tsakin da ke tsakanin su ya kai cm 60. An kafa su ne ta hanyar yin sama da saman, mafi yawan filayen ƙasa mai kyau a garesu. Idan ƙasa ba ta da kyau, da farko zaka iya rarraba humus gauraye da superphosphate da potassium sulfate (15 g da 30 g a 5 l, bi da bi) a gado.
Hanyar Sinawa na girma karas yana buƙatar gina haɓaka mai tsayi
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin layuka biyu a bangarorin biyu daga saman mahaɗin. Suna zurfafa da matsakaicin santimita 2. A cikin watan farko, wadataccen ruwa yana da mahimmanci. Don tattara amfanin gona mai tushe, ya isa kawai don rake da ridges.
Babu bakin ciki
Idan kuka dasa karas da lokacin farin ciki, to za a buƙaci thinning. Amma wannan hanya ce mai ɗaukar lokaci. Bugu da ƙari, yana da sauƙi don lalata tushen tsire-tsire makwabta, waɗanda aka shirya za a bar su a gonar. Akwai hanyoyin yin shuka don guje wa bakin ciki.
- Haɗa ƙwayar karas tare da yashi mai kyau. Don 5 l, 1.5-2 tablespoons sun isa. Sakamakon cakuda an shafe shi da ruwa sosai, bayan mintuna 10-15, tsagi ɗaya mai kama da ciminti ya cika da taro. Yayyafa da ƙasa talakawa a saman, sake ruwa.
- Zabi tsaba a cikin manyan kwayoyin halitta. Sun fi girma fiye da talakawa kuma ana iya rarrabe su a cikin ƙasa saboda launi mai haske. Ana sanya tsaba a cikin furrow sau ɗaya a lokaci tare da tazara da ake buƙata.
- Seedsauraye tsaba a kan tsiri na bakin ciki na takarda bayan gida ko wata takarda mara nauyi, tana riƙe da ajalin da aka ƙayyade. Ana amfani da liƙa a matsayin manne; idan ana so, za a iya ƙara dropsan saukad da na ruwa mai bada ruwa. Takarda a cikin ƙasa da sauri bazu.
- Haɗa tsaba da ruwa. Ya kamata a dafa shi, yawan zafin jiki shine 28-30 ° C. Daya sachet ya isa gilashi. Sa'an nan sakamakon cakuda da aka tara a bakin kuma kawai tofa a cikin furrows. Hanyar asali ne, amma an tabbatar da ingancinsa da ƙarni da yawa na lambu.
Thinning for seedlings of karas dole ne idan plantings sun yi yawa lokacin farin ciki, in ba haka ba tushen amfanin gona kawai ba su da isasshen sarari
Bidiyo: Hanyar sauka ba tare da bakin ciki ba
Karas a cikin hunturu
Aikin Noma yana nuna cewa lokacin dasa shuki a cikin hunturu, amfanin gona ya fi girma kuma ya fi lada kamar yadda aka saba. Amma don ajiyar lokaci na dogon lokaci, basu dace ba.
Yankin saukowa dole ne lebur In ba haka ba, za a share tsaba kawai da ruwan narke. Ana amfani da takin ma'adinai ne kawai a cikin ƙasa. An zaɓi iri-iri da wuri da cikakke da sanyi mai jurewa (yana da yawa, ba matasan bane). Waɗannan ka'idodi sun cika karas Chantane, Vitamin, hunturu na Moscow, Nantes-4, erwaƙwalwa. An dauki tsaba a matsayin talakawa, ba granular.
Karas na Chantane sun dace sosai da dasa shuki a cikin hunturu
Ana saukowa ƙasa a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi a lokacin zafin rana wanda bai wuce 2-3 ° C ba, ƙasa - kimanin -3 ° C. Wannan shine farkon farkon Nuwamba, a cikin yankuna na kudanci - Disamba. Thaws har yanzu yana yiwuwa a watan Oktoba - 'Ya'yan tsaba za su fara haɓaka, ƙyanƙyashe kuma suka mutu a cikin hunturu. Ba sa buƙatar yin pre-soaked da germinated. Matsakaicin al'ada akan furrow yana ƙaruwa da kusan 20%. Zurfinta shine 5-6 cm.
Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin kaka, tsaba na karas suna buƙatar binne su da zurfi fiye da yadda aka saba
Fuskokin an rufe shi da ƙasa mai ɗora daga sama, mulched tare da cakuda peat marmari tare da humus ko takin da aka lalace, ƙirƙirar Layer tare da kauri na aƙalla 5 cm. Amintaccen ɗan ƙaramin abu ne, an rufe shi da bambaro, ganye, ganye, da rassan tsiro. Idan isasshen dusar ƙanƙara ya faɗi, sai su tono kandas. A lokacin hunturu, sannu a hankali yana daidaitawa, saboda haka zai zama dole don sake fasalin tsarin sau 2-3, karya ɓarnar ɓawon burodi a farfajiya.
A tsakiyar Maris, an share gado mai dusar ƙanƙara, an ɗaure shi da kayan sutura mai baƙar fata a cikin arches. Bayan harbe-harbe na farko sun bayyana, an cire mafaka. Kulawar kulawa da jinya ya saba. Girbi a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Yuni.
Gardenerswararrun lambu shawara shawara dasa radishes tsakanin layuka na karas. Yana tashi a farkon bazara, yana nuna furzar. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe sauƙaƙe kwance da injin.
Bidiyo: dasa karas a cikin hunturu
Karas a cikin greenhouse
Rashin riba na karas a cikin greenhouse a cikin kananan filaye na gonar tambaya ne. Wannan kawai yana da ma'ana akan sikelin masana'antu. An shuka shi a cikin kora mai zafi a cikin Satumba, girbi don Sabuwar Shekara da farkon Maris. Sa'an nan tushen amfanin gona za su yi girma a farkon Yuni.
Don dasa, an zaɓi nau'ikan farkon da na matsakaici. Dole ne su dace da tsarin namowa a cikin rufaffiyar ƙasa. Ya dace, alal misali, karas Minikor, Airlie Nantes, Mokush, Amsterdam tilasta, Giant Red.
Tsarin dasa shuki da shiri don hanya yayi kama da wanda aka bada shawarar buɗewar ƙasa. Aiki ya nuna cewa karas da aka girma a cikin gidan shinkafar ba shi da wahala su sha wahala daga cututtuka da kwari, amma ba a yi watsi da hanyoyin kariya ba.
An dasa karas a cikin greenhouse wanda ba a cika ba a farkon Afrilu. Yana da kyawawa don ya kasance yana jujjuya daga gabas zuwa yamma kuma yana da peaked maimakon rufin gida. A cikin irin waɗannan tsarin, ƙasa tayi zafi da sauri. Kafin fitowar, ƙasa an kulle ta da kayan sutura mai baƙar fata.
Bidiyo: karas mai girma a cikin greenhouse
Babu wani abu da allahntaka mai wahala girma karas.Mutane da yawa lambu, kamar amai da tsaba a gonar, to, sami mai kyau girbi mai kyau. Koyaya, idan kun lura da gaba don ƙirƙirar mafi kyawun yanayi ko makusancin al'adun, zai fi abin godiya ga lambu. Babu buƙatun da yawa don karas. Tsarin shuki na shuki yana da mahimmanci musamman - yana inganta haɓakar haɓakar su da ingancin amfanin gona mai zuwa nan gaba. Baya ga al'ada, akwai hanyoyin da ba na yau da kullun na namo ba, waɗanda ba tare da wasu abubuwan da ba a tantance ba. Sabili da haka, yana da ma'ana yin gwaji aƙalla a cikin ƙananan gadaje don fahimtar wace hanya ce mafi kyawu a gare ku.
