Rasha ta saba da dankali a ƙarƙashin Peter I. Sabon kayan lambu ya ɗauki tushe mai wuya da wahala, amma daga baya an fahimci shi, ya cancanci yin sanarwar "gurasa ta biyu". Yanzu a cikin filayen lambun an girma shi ko'ina, saboda yanayin Rasha yana dacewa sosai ga al'adu. Kayan lambu suna da matukar ma'ana a cikin kulawa, amma wannan baya nufin ana iya jefa tubers cikin ramuka kuma a manta da su. Samun girbi mai yawa ba zai yiwu ba idan ba a dasa su a lokacin da ya dace ba, Hakanan wajibi ne don shirya gonar da kayan dasa kanta.
Yaushe yafi kyau shuka dankali?
Babban abin da ke tantance lokacin dasa dankali a wannan yanki shi ne yanayin da yanayin canjin yanayi, da kuma rukuni na nau'in wannan nau'in.
A tsakiyar Rasha da yankin Volga, galibi ana shuka dankali a cikin kwanakin farko na Mayu. A yankin Arewa da Arewa maso Yamma - a lokacin bazara da bazara. A cikin Urals da Far East - ranar 20 ga Mayu. A Siberiya - a farkon watan Yuni. A yankin Black Sea, Crimea, a cikin Caucasus ta Arewa - a farkon rabin Afrilu.
Lokacin saukowa ya dogara ba kawai kan sauyin yanayi a yankin ba, har ma da irin dankalin turawa
Dankali na dankali suna kula da yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa. Tare da dasa shuki da wuri, ci gaban su yana rage gudu, seedlings suna bayyana a latti, suna gaban dankali, an dasa su sati daya ko biyu. An rage yawan aiki sosai, a matsakaici da kashi 15-20%.
A lokaci guda, ƙanƙararru da aka annabta ba matsala ba ne ga sauka. Tubers jure wa wani digo a cikin zafin jiki na iska zuwa -5ºС. Colds masu haɗari ne kawai don tsaran tsirrai ya kai tsawon 3-5 cm.
Abincin farko ya shuka dankali da wuri, ya farfado cikin kwanaki 55-60. Yi wannan a baya fiye da ƙasa a zurfin 7-8 cm warms har zuwa 8ºС. Don sanin ko lokaci ya yi, alamomin mutane zasu taimaka - fure mai tsinkayen tsuntsu, fure a buɗe akan ganyayyaki (ganye ya kai girman adadin kuɗin dinari), danselions sun bayyana.
Cikakken tsuntsu ceri yana nufin cewa ƙasa ta warmed sama, zaka iya dasa dankali
Wata hanyar da za a bincika ita ce ɗaukar dunƙule daga zurfin 10-12 cm kuma jefa shi a ƙasa. Idan ya lalace ne kawai, ƙasa tana daskarewa. Kuma idan ya fashe zuwa rago da yawa - ƙasa tana shirye don dasawa. Idan ta murƙushe cikin ƙananan crumbs, substrate ya riga ya bushe, kana buƙatar dasa kai tsaye. A ƙasa thaws sauri idan a farkon lokacin bazara share gado na dusar ƙanƙara, yayyafa da humus ko peat crumbs kuma ƙara ja tare da baki polyethylene.
Kafin dasa shuki dankali, wajibi ne a fayyace yawan zafin jiki na kasar gona
Tsarin tsakiyar farko-farkon ana shuka su ne a farkon Mayu. Ana iya girbi girbi bayan kwanaki 65-80. Amma a tsakanin lambu, yawanci ba su da mashahuri sosai. Irin wannan dankali ba a adana shi, ana nuna shi da ƙarancin sitaci da rashin ɗanɗano da aka faɗi.
Plantedawan tsakiyar-ripening (lokacin fitar da kwanaki 80-85 kwana) ana shuka su a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Mayu. Lambu suna jinjina musu saboda yawan amfanin su da kuma kyawun haƙuri.
Lokacin da aka ƙayyade don dasa shuki na matsakaici-marigayi (kwanaki 95-110) shine tsakiyar watan Yuni. In ba haka ba, a cikin yanayin matsakaici na amfanin gona, ba za ku iya jira har sai sanyi na farko ba. Ana shuka dankali da yawa a lokaci guda. Amfaninta babu kokwanto shine kiyaye inganci, ɗaukar nauyi da kyakkyawan kariya.
Bugu da kari, yawancin lambu suna jagora ta kalandawar Lunar, wanda ke nuna ranakun lokutan da suka fi dacewa da rashin nasara don dasa shuki. A cikin 2019, an ba da shawarar dasa dankali:
- a watan Mayu - 1, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 31;
- a watan Yuni - 1, 18, 19, 23, 24, 28, 29.
Kuma nisantar wannan shi ne mafi alheri:
- a watan Mayu - 5, 19;
- a watan Yuni - na 3, na 17.
Tabbas, ba za ku iya bin waɗannan shawarwarin cikin makanta ba, yin la'akari da yanayin a kan kowane takamaiman ranar.
Akwai wasu alamun da masu lambu da yawa ke bi. Misali, ba a basu shawarar dasa dankali a sati na Dabino ba - irin wadannan 'yan' uran tumatir sukan lalace. Ranar Jumma'a da Tsabta ranar Alhamis kowane aikin saukowa gaba ɗaya an haramta shi. Dankalin da aka dasa ranar Laraba ko Asabar yana da ingancin kiyayewa.
Zabi wani wuri da shirya gonar
Wuri don dankali a cikin makircin lambu a mafi yawancin lokuta an tanada shi don ka'idar saura. Amma wannan al'ada musamman unpretentious al'adu yana da nasa bukatun don girma yanayi, wanda yake shi ne kyawawa don gamsar idan zai yiwu.
A wuri guda, dankali ake girma shekaru uku, babu ƙari. Sannan ana son hutu na lokaci ɗaya. Abubuwan farko da yakamata ayi la'akari dasu sune magabata da makwabta. An ba da shawarar sosai kada a shuka dankali bayan da kuma na gaba zuwa wasu tsire-tsire daga dangin Solanaceae (tumatir, barkono mai kara, eggplant, taba, physalis). In ba haka ba, kuna ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙarshen bazara, fusariosis, da kuma hare-hare na ƙwayar dankalin turawa na Colorado. Suman (cucumbers, zucchini, squash) suma suna fama da latti, hakanan kuma yana da kyau a sanya su. Kuma kasancewar wani gado kusa da gado tare da strawberries ya sa mamayewa na wireworms da nematodes kusan makawa.
Eggplants, kamar kowane Solanaceae, ba a son su kamar yadda maƙwabta da magabata dankali - suna fama da cututtuka iri ɗaya da kwari
Yankin da ke da kowane irin lemo, musamman maren wake, yana da tasirin gaske a kan dankali. Wadannan tsire-tsire sun cika kasar gona tare da nitrogen, wanda dankalin turawa da dankalin turawa ke so. Wake da Peas an shuka su a gefen gado, kuma ba a cikin hanyoyin ɓarnatarwa ba, saboda kar su ɗauke kayan abinci daga dankalin turawa.
Kyakkyawan zaɓi da Cruciferous (kowane nau'in kabeji, radish, turni, swede, radish). Leaf mustard, daya daga cikin mafi kyawun siderates, mallakar dangi guda ne. Sauran tushen amfanin gona (beets, karas), ganye mai yaji, da albasa da tafarnuwa ba su tsoma baki tare da dankali ba. A karshen emit maras tabbas, yadda ya kamata replying da yawa kwari.
Leaf mustard dasa a kan gado tare da dankali ba kawai inganta ingancin ƙasa, amma kuma repwer wireworms
Dankali ta daɗe ba ta yarda da seleri da faski ba. Kasancewarsu a gaba ta atomatik yana nuna raguwar yawan kayan aiki. Shi da kansa yana da irin wannan sakamako a kan itacen apple - fruitsa fruitsan itaci sun fi ƙanƙanuwa, ɗanɗanorsu yana raguwa. Dankali ake dasa dasa a cikin yankin na raspberries, aronia, cherries, buckthorn teku.
Kasancewar faski na kusa yana da mummunar tasiri a kan yawan dankalin turawa
Kamar sauran albarkatun gona da yawa, dankali na son zafi da hasken rana. An zaɓi wurin gado daidai, buɗe, in ya yiwu ana kiyaye shi daga abubuwan da aka tsara. Kan gado ya nufa daga arewa zuwa kudu.
Don dankali, wuri mafi gama gari bai dace da sauran kayan amfanin gona ba, amma har ila yau yana da abubuwan da ake buƙata don yanayin girma.
Cultureasa ƙasa ta fi son haske, tare da kyakkyawar kyakkyawar fahimta, wanda ruwa ba ya tsayawa. Dankali ba zai yi girma ba a cikin gishirin salula, babban yumɓun yumɓu, kowane ƙasashe masu ƙanƙan wuta. Hakanan banda wuraren da suke da ruwan karkashin kasa kusa da farfajiya. Zai iya ƙaddara su da ƙanshi mai daɗi da ke fitowa daga ƙasa, ƙanshi mai ƙanshi da gaban babban adadin daskararru.
Mafi kyawun ƙasa don ita ita ce loam, loy na loam, gandun daji Sierozem, ƙasa-podzolic ƙasa kuma, ba shakka, chernozem. Girman abin da wannan substrate zai dace da dankali za a iya hukunci da ciyayi girma a wannan wuri. Isasar alkama mai kama da wannan an fi son ta daga alkama ciyawa, cotsfoot, dandelions, Clover. Idan ma'aunin acid-base ya bambanta da tsaka tsaki, an dawo da shi ta al'ada ta ƙara gari dolomite, ƙwaiƙarin foda foda a cikin acid acid, da peat, allura ko sabon sawun bishiyoyin coniferous a cikin alkaline substrate.
Dolomite gari - deoxidizer na ƙasa ne, idan an lura da sashi, to ba shi da wata illa
A cikin kaka, suna tono gado na dankalin turawa a nan gaba, a cikin bazara kimanin makonni biyu kafin dasa shuki, kwance shi zuwa zurfin 12-15 cm a lokaci guda, kan aiwatar da tono, Organic - 3-5 l na humus ko rotted takin da ma'adinai - 35-40 g kowane ana ƙara superphosphate da 15-20 g na potassium sulfate ta 1 m² na taki, da kuma rabu da duk tarkace tsire-tsire. Potassium na ba da gudummawa ga karuwa a cikin yawan tubers, phosphorus - adadinsu.
Humus - magani na ɗabi'a don haɓaka takin ƙasa
Sau da yawa, lambu a cikin shiri na dankalin turawa gadaje shuka a cikin marigayi rani ko farkon fall kore taki. Bayan kimanin watanni biyu, an dasa su kuma an dasa su tare da tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa. Wannan takin gargajiya ne tare da wasu kaddarorin masu amfani. Misali, Legumes tare da Asteraceae tare da nematode.
Bidiyo: shirya gadaje dankalin turawa
Zabi na tubers don dasa
Mafi sau da yawa, na gaba shekara, lambu dasa dankalin turawa, tubers na wannan amfanin gona. Amma wannan aikin yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa tuni bayan shekaru 5-7 na alamun ƙwayoyin cuta “erode”, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana raguwa, kamar yadda girman amfanin gona yake. Dasa kayan yana buƙatar sabuntawa koyaushe.
Don tabbatar da ingancinsa, a lokacin da ciyayi ke aiki, an lura da mafi yawan mulkoki da yawa masu tushe. A cikin bazara, suna kallon yawan amfanin su. Idan adadin tubers iri ɗaya ne ko ya fi abin da aka saba da yawa, wannan ya dace da kayan dasa. Kuma ba lallai ba ne cewa su kasance manya-manyan.
Zabi kayan dasa don kaka mai zuwa, yawan amfanin daji na wannan shekarar suna jagorar su.
Ana sayi sabbin tsaba musamman daga masu samar da kyawawan suna - a wuraren adana abinci ko shagunan sana'a. Suna iya samar da takaddun takaddun da ke tabbatar da ingancin dankali - takaddun shaida da lasisi don haƙƙin sayar da shi. Siyayya a bikin gona daban-daban na aikin gona, har ma fiye da haka ta hannu, babban haɗari ne. Ba shi yiwuwa a tabbatar da cewa wannan shine nau'in da ake so. Bugu da kari, kayan shuka na iya kamuwa.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi don dasa shuki shine tubers na zagaye na yau da kullun ko siffar ƙwallo mai nauyin 50-90 g, ba mai rauni ba kuma mai rusa shi. A cikin taɓawa, ya kamata su kasance da wahala, fatar kuma ta kasance mai santsi, suttura, ba tare da alamun peeling, alamun motsi, rot da baƙar fata baƙar fata. Latterarshen na iya bazai zama rabuwa da ƙasa ba, amma rhizoctonia. Kasancewar adadin "idanu" ana maraba da shi, amma ba a ba da shawarar siyan dankalin da aka riga an shuka ba. Koyaya, wani yanki mai mahimmanci na sprouts zai karye yayin sufuri. Idan babu wani zabi, tabbatar da cewa ka kula da launi na 'yan fure - yakamata su kasance mauve, Lilac, letas kore, amma a cikin wani hali baƙar fata. A cikin lafiya tubers, sprouts har ma, na roba. Yanayin da suke kama da zaren fata yana nufin kayar da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Dankali na dasa an zaɓi shi da kyau, wannan shine mabuɗin zuwa girbi mai zuwa
Baya ga bayyanar, kuna buƙatar kula da kwatancin nau'ikan, dacewarsa don namowa a cikin wani yanki. Yankunan da suke samar da amfanin gona masu kyau a duka yankuna na arewaci da Kudancin suna da matukar wuya.
Agronomists sun da'awar cewa dankalin turawa iri dake bred a Rasha da CIS kasashen nuna mafi juriya ga pathogenic fungi. Kuma tushen amfanin gona na zaɓi na ƙasashen waje ba su iya wahala daga cutar nematodes da cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri.
Aikin shuki na dankalin turawa
Kafin dasa, dankalin turawa, tubers dole ne a sami vernalization. Wannan duk hadaddun kayan aikin gona ne, saboda haka, sun fara aiwatar da ayyukan a gaba, kimanin kwanaki 30-40 kafin fara sauka. Idan an yi komai daidai, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana ƙaruwa game da 20-30%, tushen abin da ke tsiro yayi sauri.
An cire kayan dasa daga wurin ajiya kuma ana sa musu ido. 'Yankakken tubers ana nutsar da su tsawon awanni 10-12 cikin ruwa, a mai da zafin jiki zuwa 25-28ºС. Dogayen da suka wanzu sun bushe daidai. Ana kula da ƙwayoyin tumatir tare da fungicides don hana ci gaban cututtukan fungal. Shirye-shiryen asalin asalin halitta waɗanda ba su da lahani ga lafiyar ɗan adam da aminci ga yanayin sun fi dacewa. Wannan, alal misali, Gamair, Bactofit, Fitosporin-M, Agat-25K.
Fitosporin-M shine ɗayan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun
Sannan suna warwatse a ƙasa a cikin daki inda ake kula da yawan zafin jiki na akalla 20 ° C, sanya laushi mai laushi, kusa da taga. Kuna iya amfani da fitilar wucin gadi, alal misali, fitilar mai kyalli, amma sannan kuna buƙatar rufe dankali da takarda ko zane mai haske. A cikin haske, dankali yana samar da solanine, suna samun fure mai ƙwaya. Wannan abun mai guba ne ga kwari da yawa, shima kayan maye ne na halitta. Sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 5-7, ana jujjuya 'ya'yan itacen da keɓaɓɓu tare da ruwa daga kwalban da aka fesa. Bayan kimanin kwanaki 10-15, zazzage zafin jiki zuwa 15 ° C wanda ya sa “idanun” su farka.
Green dankalin turawa, tubers wahala kasa da kwari da cututtuka
Idan babu dakin da ya dace, za a iya sanya dankalin a jaka na filastik mai haske, yin ramuka da yawa a ciki, tare da rataye su daga bangon ko rufi.
Idan babu wani wuri da ya dace, za a iya dasa dankali a gida a cikin jaka a filastik
Hakanan ana kiranta rigar iska mai lalacewa - tsirowar tubers a cikin kwalaye, ko kwalaye cike da perlite, vermiculite, yashi, peat crumbs ko sawdust. Zaɓuɓɓuka biyu na farko sun fi dacewa - waɗannan abubuwan sun sha ruwa sosai, haɗarin jujjuyawar ƙwayayen ƙanƙane ne. Ana inganta daskararru a cikin yanayin rigar dan kadan, zazzabi ɗin dakin yana a matakin 15 of.
Tare da rigar bacci, dankali baya kore, amma sprouts sun fi ƙarfi da ƙarfi
Kuna iya hada duka hanyoyin. Da farko, ana shuka dankali, sannan a aika don germination a cikin kwantena cike da abin da ya dace.
Kimanin mako guda kafin dasa shuki, ana yayyafa dankali da kayan kwalliya - wannan yana da tasirin gaske ga rigakafinsu, yana ƙaruwa da karbuwa ga yanayin damina da yanayin da bai da kyau sosai, kuma yana rage lokacin girbin amfanin. Suna amfani da shirye-shiryen kantin sayar da duka biyu - humate na potassium da sodium, Epin, Emistim-M, Zircon, da magungunan jama'a - zuma mai narkewa da ruwa, maganin yin burodi, maganin succinic. Idan kun ƙara takin mai magani na potassium (3-5 g / l) a cikin mafita, "juriya na damuwa" na dankalin turawa yana inganta, tubersan itacen yana haɓaka da sauri.
Bidiyo: shirya dankalin dankalin turawa, dasa shuki
Dasa dankali da hannu da amfani da kayan aikin musamman
Wataƙila duk suna dasa dankali da hannu. Sabili da haka, hanya bata buƙatar cikakken bayani. Tubers ana shuka su ne a cikin ramuka daban ko furrows, sannan suna barci tare da ƙasa. Matsakaici tsakanin su shine 25-40 cm (ya danganta da girman amfanin gona da kuma girman daji), jerawar layi shine 65-70 cm. Zurfin ramin ya dogara da ingancin substrate - mafi sauƙi shi, fiye da yadda ake buƙatar zurfafa su. Yawancin lokaci isa cm cm 8. Bayan ƙari ga kanta, an ɗora da humus, ɗan ƙaramin itace da ɗanyen itace an saka a ciki. Kamshin sa ya mayar da kwari da yawa. A ƙarshen saukowa, an shimfiɗa saman gado tare da rake. Lokacin amfani da hanyar "kakanin", ya fi dacewa don aiki tare. Digaya yana haƙa ramuka, na biyu yana sanya tubers a cikinsu. Don yin layuka har ma, zaku iya yiwa alamar gado, alal misali, amfani da igiya, idan akwai shakku na hankali game da kanku.
Da dasa shuki dankali hanya ce ta fari da ta saba ga kowane mai lambu
Bidiyo: yadda ake dasa dankali a hanyar gargajiya
Lokacin amfani da tsari na yau da kullun akan ɗari (10 * 10 m), ana iya shuka layuka 14, kowannensu yana da aƙalla ƙabilu 25. Dangane da haka, za a buƙaci adadin dankali 350, adadin duka wanda shine nauyin 25-28. Idan kana buƙatar cike kadadar hectare, to za a sami ciyayi 250 a jere, da kuma layuka 142. Yawan dankali da aka dasa a wannan yanayin shine 35,500, nauyinsu ya kai tan 2.85. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin yankin tsakiyar Rasha shine 100-150 kg ɗari na murabba'in murabba'i. Kasancewa ga duk yanayin fasahar aikin gona, ana iya karɓar wannan adadi zuwa kilogiram 200-250.
Baya ga na gargajiya, akwai wasu tsare-tsare na dasa shuki dankali:
- Farin-Square. An juya gado a cikin "grate", tare da sel na 50-70 cm. Ana shuka Tubers a tsaka-tsaki.
- Chess. Ramin a cikin layuka biyu kusa ana ɗaukar su cikin dangi.
- Layi biyu. An shirya layuka a cikin nau'i-nau'i tare da tazara mai nisan ba fiye da cm 30. Nisa tsakanin tsakanin layuka biyu yakai kimanin m.
Shuka dankalin turawa a jere sau biyu shine ɗayan dabarun zamani
Amma kwanan nan, masu lambu da yawa sun fi son kada su dame, suna sarrafa tsari zuwa matsakaicin. Don yin wannan, akwai motoblocks tare da tuddai da masu shirya dankalin turawa na musamman. Ana amfani da ƙarshen ƙarshen don sarrafa manyan yankuna.
Ka'ida madaidaiciyar hanya tarakta ta ƙunshi mai siyarwa, wanda da farko ya kwance ƙasa, sannan ya cika kwalliyar, kwantena "hopper", inda aka cika kwalliyar, da kuma dillali masu siyar da dankali a lokutan kullun. Matsakaicin ma'auni don saukowa tare da tafiya tare da bayan-tarakta shine kusan 60 cm. Kafin ka cika furrows da tubers tare da ƙasa, kana buƙatar canja ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙarfe zuwa waɗanda aka saba dasu, barin girman waƙa iri ɗaya.
A lokacin da dasa shuki dankali tare da tafiya-bayan tarakta, an aiwatar da tsari gaba daya, kawai ana cika tubers da hannu a cikin hopper
Bidiyo: dasa shuki dankali ta amfani da taraktocin bayan gida
Hanyoyin ƙasa
Ba mai yawan lambu koyaushe yana da isasshen kayan shuka. Saboda haka, sau da yawa ba duka ana shuka shuka ba ne, amma sassan jikinsu ɗaya ne. Anan, kuma, akwai lambobi waɗanda kuke buƙatar sani a gaba don kar ku lalata amfanin gona mai zuwa.
"Eyes"
Babban mahimmancin hanyar shine cewa an yanke tubers a cikin sassan da yawa nan da nan kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Kowane ɗayan yana da ido ɗaya, ido - girma. Musamman babba, ba mai sanyi ba, dankali na madaidaiciyar tsari sun dace da wannan ba tare da ƙaramar alamar cutar ba da lalata. Akwai 'yan idanu kadan a kansu, amma sun manyan, girma sosai. An kasha kashi biyu zuwa gaɓa ta wuka, sanitized wuƙa, wanda dole ne a sake haifuwa bayan kowane yanke. Yantawa nan da nan tare da yayyafa da alli ko itace ashted. "Anya" a cikin furrows an sanya sprouts sama. Karamin nauyin "wedges" shine 5-8 g.
Dankin Dankali ake yanke shi da wata wuka da aka gurbata don hana yaduwar cututtuka
A cikin shirye-shiryen dasa kayan yana da takamaiman bayani. Kimanin kwanaki 20 kafin dasa shuki, ana zubad da filayen da aka zaɓa kowace rana tare da ruwa tare da ƙari na biostimulators a cikin shagon (0.5 L ampoule). Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙarfi.
A nan gaba, 'yan seedlings daga "idanu" suna buƙatar karin allurai na takin zamani. Bayan duk, yawanci duk abin da suke buƙata ana bayar da shi ta hanyar tarin fuka.
Barbashi na dankalin turawa, tubers da “idanu” kada ta kasance kadan
Wani zabin shine girma seedlings daga “idanu”. Don yin wannan, an yanke su tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara wanda ya sa aka kafa cone kuma an dasa shi gaba a cikin cakuda overripe sawdust da rigar peat crumbs. Transferredalingsan itacen suna canjawa wuri zuwa gonar lokacin da aka kafa ganye na gaskiya 3-4.
Bidiyo: dankali daga "idanu"
Yankewa
Maimakon tsohuwar fasaha, ba a da amfani da ita yanzu. Bugu da ƙari, adana tubers, wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar asali dankali mai tsada na iri iri a cikin ma'aurata biyu da sabunta kayan abu, kawar da cututtuka. Hakanan akwai rashin hasara - kula da dajin dole ne a biya karin kulawa, saboda da farko suna da rauni saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Suna kuma buƙatar ingantaccen abinci mai narkewa.
Dankali na matsakaici da wuri, tsakiyar ripening da tsakiyar marigayi iri sun fi dacewa da wannan. Dole ne su girka shi cikin haske, amma ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. A maimakon kowane “ido”, an kafa tsiran 2-5 waɗanda suka dace da dasa.
Lokacin da suka kai tsawon cm 10, suna rabuwa da tarin fuka, a hankali suka juya, sannan aka dasa su a cikin kananan kofuna waɗanda ke cike da rigar sphagnum ko gyada mai kwalliya, mai zurfin kusan 2/3. An kiyaye ɗakin a zazzabi na 16-20 ° C, ba a ba da izinin substrate ta bushewa ta hanyar fesawa tare da maganin biostimulant. Lingsalingsan itace da ganye 4-5 za'a iya dasa su a ƙasa.
Girma dankali daga tsiro na iya adanawa sosai akan dasa kayan da sabunta shi
Da zarar amfani da tubers za a iya aiko da baya don germination. Don haka, daga kowane dankalin turawa zaka iya samun tsirar 20-45. Don cika mita ɗari da ɗari, ba fiye da 1 kg na kayan dasawa ba zai bar.
Kuna iya shuka sprouts kai tsaye a gonar, amma kuna buƙatar warware su a ranar, ko aƙalla ranar da ta gabata. A baya can, ana yi masu ruwa da tsayi na tsawon awanni 6-8 a cikin maganin kowane tushen kara kuzari (Heteroauxin, Kornevin). A wannan yanayin, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar tana ɗaukar kwanaki 15-20 fiye da yadda aka nuna a kwatancin ire-ire.
Lingsauren da aka samo daga tsirar dankalin turawa suna buƙatar ƙarin kulawa
'Ya'yan fure da aka lalata suma suma sun dace da dasawa, amma bushes ɗin zaiyi ɗanyi hankali kadan. An sanya su daban-daban daga sprouts, a cikin kowane yanayi gauraye. In ba haka ba, waɗannan bushes za su ɗanɗana tsire-tsire masu rauni ƙasa da farko.
Bidiyo: dankali mai girma daga tsiro
Mini tubers
-An ƙaramin-ƙarami sune ƙaramin dankali da aka girma a cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje daga ƙwayoyin sel. Da farko bakararre ne, don haka za'a iya tabbatar da cewa kayan dasa basu kamuwa da komai. Abinda kawai suke jawowa shine babban farashi. Generationwararrawar farko na digiri shine mafi tsayi, wanda ke biye da mashahuri, farkon haifuwa, da sauransu.
Kusa da dankalin turawa, shine zuwa bututun gwajin, mafi girma yawan amfanin sa da kuma ingancin ingancin tubers. Bayan kimanin shekaru 6-8, ba a rasa yawancin haruffan haruffa, kayan dasa abubuwa kuma yana buƙatar sabunta su.
Mini dankalin turawa, tubers - Elite dasa kayan
Ya kamata a sayi ƙaramin-tsiro daga masana'antun sanannun sanannun amintattu. Fewan lambu kaɗan a bayyanar na iya bambanta su da ƙananan dankali talakawa.
Hanyar sarrafa vernalization da dasa kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa a wannan yanayin babu bambanci da na daidaitaccen nau'in tsiro. Iyakar abin da ke cikin '' caveat 'shine cewa za'a iya cire maganin hana yaduwar cuta.
Tsaba
Kwanan nan, masu lambu da yawa sun koma yaduwar dankali da tsaba. Baya ga ƙarancin farashi na kayan shuka, hanyar tana da wasu damar da ba a tantancewa ba - tsaba suna ɗaukar sarari ƙasa da tubers, ba za su iya kamuwa da cutar fungi ko ƙwayoyin cuta ba. Kwarewar 'yan lambu ya nuna cewa dankali da aka shuka daga tsaba suna samar da wadataccen abinci, ba su da wata illa da za a iya shafar yanayin ƙarshen, kuma ba sa fuskantar ƙasa daga yanayin yanayin. Ana iya sayo tsaba ko kuma a girbe su ta hanyar ɗaukar berriesan berries da ke kama da tumatir mai ƙaramin ganye.
Yawancin suna la'akari da kore kore akan dankalin turawa bushes marasa amfani, amma suna iya ba da mai gonar da tsaba
Ba tare da wata hanya ba da rashin amfani. Da farko, ana iya lura da rikitarwa da tsawon lokacin namo, kazalika da ƙarancin tsiro. Tsire-tsire da aka samo daga tsaba suna da rai sosai, tare da ƙananan karkatar da yanayin daga mafi kyawun, yana yiwuwa wataƙila cututtuka, musamman "ƙafafu baƙi", zasu haɓaka. Lingsayayen arewaya suna da raunin gaske, lokacin dasawa kuna buƙatar kulawa da hankali.
Germination a cikin dankalin turawa, tsaba ne low low, dasa kayan bukatun bukatar a adana da wuce haddi
Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka tsaba shine ƙarshen Maris ko farkon shekarun Afrilu. Suna da zafin rai kuma an basu izinin kyankyali, a lullube da rigar rigar. An dasa su a cikin ƙasa mai fadi da sako mai sauƙi, dole ne a juya tanki zuwa "greenhouse", samar da zafi.
Isowar seedlings zai jira akalla makonni biyu. A cikin lokaci na ganye na gaskiya na biyu, seedlings ya nitse. Kulawar su ta ƙunshi a cikin shayarwa na yau da kullun da magani tare da biofungicides don rigakafin cututtukan fungal. Hakanan, bayan yin ruwa, za a buƙaci takin 1-2 tare da takin nitrogen ma'adinai.
Ruwa da dankalin turawa masu tsire-tsire na ɗauke da kyawawan abubuwa
Ana canja lingsannen toajin zuwa ƙasa a ƙarshen Mayu. A cikin watan farko, an ja shi da farin kayan rufewa a kan arcs. A cikin lokacin, a kalla tsaunuka biyu ne ke gudana. Shayar sosai, amma sau da yawa, kowane kwanaki 2-3, a kai a kai sassauta da sako. Da takin mai magani yana amfani da ma'adinai na musamman.
A cikin farkon kakar, mai lambu zai sami amfanin gona na ƙaramin-digiri mai nauyin 10-50 g, wanda ya bambanta sosai a cikin siffar, launi na fata da sauransu. Adana su kamar dankali talakawa. An zaɓi mafi kyawun daga gare su, waɗanda aka dasa don shekara mai zuwa, suna cire amfanin gonar cike.
Seedsafin tumatir na farko da aka samo daga tsaba ya bambanta sosai a cikin girman, siffar, launi fata, da sauran halaye.
Bidiyo: daga dasa shuki dankalin turawa zuwa girbi
Dasa dankali a cikin hunturu
Mutane da yawa sun lura cewa dankalin turawa dankali ba da gangan aka rasa lokacin girbi ya tashi bazara. Haka kuma, suna da kyakkyawar juriya sanyi. Ana iya amfani da wannan kadarar don samun amfanin gona na farko. Bincike daga masana agronomist ya nuna cewa an dasa shukar da aka dasa zuwa zurfin 10-15 cm mai haƙuri na daskarewa daga cikin si -10 ° C ba tare da matsaloli ba. Wato, hanyar ba ta dace da yankuna da ke da yanayin yanayi mai faɗi ba, amma ana samun nasarar aiwatar da shi a tsakiyar Rasha da kuma kudu.
Tabbatacce lafiya tubers da aka zaba aƙalla 150 g an zaɓi don dasa .. Yana da kyawawa cewa iri-iri su kasance da wuri da jure sanyi. Dole ne a kiyaye su a cikin haske tsawon kwanaki 7-10, saboda fatar ta zama kore. Wannan zai kare saukowa daga dutsen da bege.
An shirya gado, kamar yadda aka saba. An zabi wurin ne saboda ba shakka ambaliyar ruwan ta kasance a cikin bazara. Tubers ana shuka su ne a cikin fall, a lokacin da dare da substrate a kan gado riga freezes, kuma a lokacin da rana ta narkar da. An sanya su a cikin tsarin akwati tare da tazara tsakanin 25-30 cm da jere jeri na 45-50 cm zurfin rami shine 15-20 cm. Baya ga dankali da aka yayyafa da ƙasa ja barkono (daga mice), ana sanya takin a ciki (daskararre taki da ke jan bear), ash da albasa kwasfa.
Daga sama, an jifa da gado tare da rassan spruce, an rufe shi da bambaro da aka haɗa tare da faifan takardar, ƙirƙirar Layer tare da kauri na 25-30 cm sannan an jawo shi tare da yadudduka da yawa na kowane kayan sutturar iska.
Don lokacin hunturu, gadajen dankalin turawa, ya zama dole a keɓe
A farkon bazara, an cire dukkanin ciyawa, an sake rufe gadaje tare da kayan sutura a kan arches. Har ila yau ana shayar da ganyayyaki tare da tsawo na 4-5 cm tare da mafita na kowane biostimulator. Lokacin da suka tsawaita zuwa 10-15 cm, an cire tsari, an dankali dankali. Sannan a kula, kamar yadda aka saba. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba sa wahala daga ƙarshen bazara, kuma ƙwayar dankalin turawa na Colorado ba ta da lokaci don kai musu.
Ciyar da dankali a cikin yashi
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, an tanadi greenhouse ga sauran amfanin gona na lambu. Dankali a gida ba kasafai ake girma ba. Wannan yasa hankali kawai idan akwai wata manufa don fitar da amfanin gona a cikin awowi. Kawai iri-iri ne kawai suka dace da aikin namo a cikin wani greenhouse. Idan ba mai zafi bane, juriya sanyi na wannan iri shima yana da mahimmanci.
Dankali ana shuka su ne a cikin gidajen kora mai zafi ko dai a ƙarshen bazara don samun girbi don Sabuwar Shekara, ko a lokacin lokacin hunturu da bazara, to sai ta huda a farkon Yuni. A lamari na farko, kasancewar walƙiyar wucin gadi ma wajibi ne, in ba haka ba tsire-tsire suna haɓaka a hankali.
Tubers na dasa shuki a cikin huhu ya kamata ya zama ya fi girma fiye da buɗe ƙasa (80-100 g). Dole ne a shimfidar wurare. Hanyar sarrafa vernalization yana faruwa, kamar yadda aka saba. Sun fara dumama da greenhouse kamar sati daya kafin dasa shuki.
Temperatureasa zazzabi a lokacin dasa kada ta kasance ƙasa da 5ºС. Za'a iya amfani da makirci biyu - daidaitaccen (jera jeri yana kusan 60 cm kuma saiti tsakanin bushes shine 25-30 cm) kuma tare da layuka biyu (sarari tsakanin su shine kusan 30 cm, tsakanin nau'i-nau'i na layuka har zuwa 80 cm, dankali yana kasancewa a 25-30 cm a sanyawa). Zurfin ramin shine 6-7 cm. Ana dasa shuwagabanni gabaɗaya, ƙanshin ruwan da ke jan hankalin jijiyoyi da sauran kwari.
Ana kiyaye zafin jiki a duk lokacin girma a matakin 18-20ºС, yana ƙaruwa zuwa 21-23 21 kawai don lokacin fure. Ana shayar da shi sau 3-4, a karo na farko - lokacin da tsire-tsire suka kai 7-8 cm ba ga tsawo ba. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa shine ban ruwa na ruwa. Nan da nan bayan wannan, ana amfani da takin ma'adinan hadaddun. Kafin fure, bushes spud ko ciyawa.
Shuke-shuke tare da wata 'yar alamar alamun rashin shakku, a hankali game da lokacin da ya kusa sauka, nan da nan sai tono ya hallaka. A cikin iyakataccen sararin samaniya, wannan naman gwari yana yada kusan nan take.
Yana da ma'ana don shuka dankali a cikin gidaje kawai akan sikelin masana'antu
Idan iskar gas ba ta girbewa ba, za'a iya dasa dankali na musamman a bazara, ba awanni sama da sa'o'in 10 na sa'o'i 10 ko fiye ba. A cikin yankunan kudanci na Rasha, wannan shine farkon bazara, a cikin Urals da Siberiya - tsakiyar watan Afrilu. Yana da kyawawa don jan ragamar greenhouse da kanta daga yamma zuwa gabas kuma samar da ita tare da rufin gabled - wannan hanyar zai dumama da sauri. Bayan dasawa, dole ne a jefa ƙasa tare da bambaro (Layer 10-15 cm) kuma an ƙarfafa shi tare da baƙar fata, lutrasil, agril. Pre-tubers suna keɓewa, amma a cikin kowane hali ba sa shuka. An saka Humus a cikin rami, su ma suna cike da su.
Bidiyo: namo dankalin Turawa a gida
Kusan dukkanin lambu suna tsunduma cikin girma dankali. A kallon farko, fasaharsa ta noma tana da sauki, amma akwai abubuwa da yawa a nan. Idan kun rigaya shirya gonar kuma ku sarrafa tubers, zaku iya girbi amfanin gona mai yawa fiye da yadda aka saba. Kuma akwai tare da hanyoyin gargajiya na iya adana kayan shuka. Tubers ana halin kyau sosai sanyi juriya, ana iya dasa tun kafin hunturu, Ta haka ne samun babban girbi-farkon girbi.
