Primula

Jerin sassan da iri na primroses

Daban nau'o'in nau'in halittu masu rinjaye suna shafar yawan nau'in jinsi da nau'in siffar fure. Wannan jinsin ya hada da nau'in 550, kuma aikin masana kimiyya kan tsaran sababbin iri ba ya daina. Don dawo da tsari a cikin wannan yalwar, yana da muhimmanci a rarraba iri iri a cikin sassan. Kowannensu yana haɗa nau'in irin wannan a cikin wasu siffofi.

Shin kuna sani? Tun lokacin da ake kira primrose primrose tare da furanni, an tattara ta a cikin wani nau'i na maɓallan, mutane da yawa Slavic sun gano shi da maɓallan da ke buɗe hanya zuwa ga mulkin kore na rani a cikin bazara. Kuma a Jamus sun ce sune makullin aure.

Mealy Primrose Sashe

Wannan zaɓi ya haɗa da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in shuke-shuken, wanda ya kasance nau'in siffa mai launin launin rawaya ko farar fata a kan ganye, musamman daga kasa. Furen suna Lilac, purple, yellow ko fari. Kwayoyin furanni sun fi guntu fiye da petals. Tsire-tsire masu kyau ne. A gaskiya, yawancin jinsin suna gida zuwa Asiya. A shuka ke tsiro da kyau a cikin ƙasa drained da suke da arziki a humus kuma suna da high zafi. Tsire-tsire suna buƙatar tsari don hunturu. Wannan zaɓi ya haɗa da nau'ikan iri na gaba:

  • Harshen Norwegian Primula (R. finmarchica) itace tsirrai ne mai tsayi har zuwa 20 cm. Furen suna m ko ruwan hoda a launi, an sanya su a kan dogon lokaci na 3-5 a cikin laima inflorescences. Bar tattara a cikin Rosette. Ya girma daga Gabashin Turai zuwa yankin tundra. Lokacin flowering shine Yuni-Yuli.
  • Mealy Primula (R. farinosa) wani tsauri ne mai tsauraran kwayar halitta. Girma 15-20 cm a tsawo. Ganye suna da nimita 8, mai tsalle a gefen gefuna, suna da takarda mai tsabta. Flowers tare da diamita na 1 cm samar da laima. Launiyarsu na iya zama lilac ko fari tare da cibiyar rawaya. Lokacin flowering shine Mayu-Yuni. An yi amfani dashi a cikin maganin gargajiya ga dermatitis da kuma inganta bunkasa gashi.
  • Daryal primula (R. darialica);
  • Haller's Primula (R. halleri);
  • Primula Hungen (R. chungensis);
  • Scottish primrose (R. scotica);
  • Primula leafy (R. frondosa);
  • Primula snow (R. nivalis);
  • Siberian primula (R. sibirica);
  • Primrose shi ne sanyi (R. algida) da sauransu.

Sashe na OREOPHLOMIS

Sashin ya ƙunshi nau'in nau'i na primroses tare da ƙananan ƙananan flower. Lokacin flowering yana faruwa a farkon spring. Sakamakon su na siffantawa ne launuka masu laushi tare da ƙananan hakora a kan gefen da furanni ruwan hoda tare da rawaya na tsakiya. Wakilin wannan sashe ne

  • Primula m (R. Rosea) - wani shuka tare da kananan furanni na ruwan hoda flowering peduncles 12-15 cm tsayi. Flowering faruwa a watan Mayu. Ganye ya fara girma ne kawai bayan flowering kuma ya zama haske a cikin launi. Yana son filayen ƙasa, ta hanyar rarraba daji a farkon rabin rani ko ta tsaba.

Auricular Sashe

Sashen ya hada da nau'in 21 na primroses, wanda aka gada asalin ƙasar Turai. Tsire-tsire suna tsumma da ruwan hoda, Lilac, furanni masu furanni da farar fata ko rawaya. Ganyayyaki suna da tsauri, kuma mai tushe da furanni an rufe shi da wani nau'i mai suna mealy. Tsire-tsire suna shuka tare da tsaba da aka shuka a cikin fall, kuma suna cigaba a cikin bazara ko sassan rhizomes. Bayan shuka, an bada shawara a yayyafa tsaba tare da yashi na bakin ciki. Ka yi la'akari da manyan wakilan wannan sashe:

  • Ƙararriyar kunne ko auricular (R. auriculaL.) - wani tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire da hunturu-hardy. Ya fi son lambu mai kyau, ƙasa mai kyau mai arziki a cikin allura, da kuma wani wuri mai duhu ko wuri mai shafe. Mafi tsire-tsire da aka samu a Ingila. Ganye suna da fadi, m, tare da cloves tare da gefen. Halin yanayi yana da furanni rawaya, kuma hybrids suna da launi daban-daban.
  • Maganar da aka samu a cikin pubesse (R. x pubescensJacq.) - wani nau'i ne mai mahimmanci auricular. Yawancin primroses na launuka daban-daban sun samo daga wannan nau'in. Wannan jinsin ya kasu zuwa ga Primroses na Belgian (ba tare da launi mai launi ba, daya ko biyu masu launin tare da launin rawaya), Ingilishi (tare da furotin mai launi, furanni tare da idanu da ratsi mai suna daga tsakiya), terry.
  • Delecluse primula (R. clusiana);
  • Ƙarshe mai mahimmanci (Rubrimu hirsutaAll, P. rubraF. Gmel.);
  • Primula Carnioli (R. carniolica);
  • Primrose ƙananan (P.minima);
  • Primula fringed (P. Marginata).

Cortus Primrose Sashe

Sashe ya haɗu da nau'i 24 na primroses. Shuka ba tare da takarda ba. Ganyayyaki suna da petioles, furanni kuma suna da siffar sigar. Wadannan jinsuna suna da sauƙin girma a ƙasa mai kyau a cikin rana da kuma inuwa mai duhu. Tsarin tsaba, da Siebold primula - ta rarraba rhizomes. Babban wakilan wannan sashe sun haɗa da:

  • Primula Cortus (R. cortusoides) - shi ne mafi yawan wakilin wannan sashe kuma an samo daga Turai zuwa Siberia. Yana da gajeren rhizome a kwance. Ganyayyaki sune mai laushi ne tare da wani gefen dutse wanda aka sanya a kan dogon petioles. A kan matakan da ake ciki na launin mita 10 (10-40 cm) ana sanya launi mai launin ja-violet. Furen suna da zurfi a tsakiya kuma ba su wuce 2 cm a diamita.A lokacin flowering shine Mayu-Yuni na kwanaki 35-40.
  • Rock primula (R. saxatilis) - tsirrai da tsire-tsire har zuwa 30 cm high. Furen lalac launi. Ganye suna da gefuna da kwaskwarima. Lokacin flowering shine Afrilu-Yuni. Yana neman sanyi sanyi. Yana ƙaunar loamy, sako-sako da, ƙasa mai sanyi da kuma wuri mai duhu. Sau da yawa ana amfani dasu don yin tsauni a tsaunuka. Abinda zai iya haifar da guba.
  • Harshen primrose shine ƙwayar tausayi (R. polyneura);
  • Primula ya ƙi (R. patens Turcz);
  • Zibold ta primula (R. buboldii).

Toot Primrose Sashe

Wannan ɓangaren ya hada nau'in primroses, furanni wanda aka tattara a cikin babban fassarar infrarescence. Babban wakilan wannan sashe sun haɗa da:

  • Primula lafiya-toothed (R. denticulata Smith) - Kasar Sin tana dauke da wurin haihuwa na shuka. A inji an rufe shi da wani nau'i mai suna yellow mealy. Lunkuna na launi suna babba, haske a cikin launi, yayin da flowering yana da tsawon har zuwa 20 cm, kuma bayan flowering - har zuwa 40 cm. A cikin furen za su kai tsawon 20-25 cm a lokacin flowering.Un furanni suna fari, mai launi ko Lilac. Lokacin flowering shine Afrilu na kwanaki 30-40. Tsarin iri yana samuwa. Yana mai da hankali ga tauraron hunturu. Yana ƙaunar duka wuri mai haske da m inuwa.
  • Primula capitate (R. Capitata).

Julia sashe

Kusan daya jinsuna da hybrids suna cikin sashe:

  • Primula Yulia (R. juliaeKusn.) - tsire-tsire mai tsawo 10 cm. Rhizome na da gajeren lokaci, mai kama da launin launin fata. Kwayoyin suna da siffar m, haske mai haske tare da hakora a kan gefen, an sanya shi a kan ƙananan petioles. Tsuntsauran bakin ciki - har zuwa 15 cm tsayi. Flowers har zuwa 3 cm a diamita, shirya daya bayan daya kuma suna da launin purple-lilac. Gilashin fitila yana da tsawon lokaci har zuwa 2 cm. Flowering zamani - Afrilu-Mayu. Yayi la'akari da nau'ikan jinsin tsirrai da shade-nau'i na primroses.
  • Prigula Pruhonitskaya (R. x pruhonicianahort.) - Julia hybrids, hada nau'o'in launi daban-daban.

Muscario Sashe

Sashin ya haɗa nau'in jinsin 17, wanda ya bambanta a cikin nau'i na inflorescences a cikin nau'i na kwalliya. Asia ana daukar wurin haifuwar wadannan nau'in. Tsire-tsire suna cikin abubuwan da suka dace, don haka don amfanin gona na shekara-shekara ya zama dole don shuka sabon tsire-tsire a kowace shekara. Kula ya shafi yawan abinci a lokacin kakar girma da kuma tsari don hunturu.

  • Primula Viala (R. vialii) - tana nufin tsire-tsire. Tsawonsa ya kai 50 cm. Inflorescences ne spiciform, launi-launi-ruwan hoda. Ganyayyaki suna da yawa, sunyi wrinkled. A flowering zamani ne Yuni-Yuli na 30-40 days. Yana son filayen mai kyau, friable, ƙasa mai tsabta da wuri mai dadi ko wuri mara kyau. A cikin hunturu yana buƙatar tsari.
  • A muskarevid primrose (R. muscarioides).

Primrose sashe

Sashen ya haɗa nau'o'in primroses mai sauki-to-girma ba tare da spraying powdery ba. Sake buga wadannan nau'in tsaba da rabuwa da bishiyoyi.

Sashen ya haɗa da nau'ikan da ke biyowa:

  • Primula m (R. amoena) - tana nufin itatuwan daji. Yana girma a Caucasus da Turkey. Ya kai tsawon tsawo har zuwa 20 cm. Ganye yana da nau'i-nau'i, har zuwa 7 cm, tare da gajeren ƙananan dabbobi da kuma hakoran hakora a gefen. Top - danda, kasa - velvety. Tsawon tsaunin ya kai kimanin 18 cm. Fure-fure na shunayya suna tattare a cikin launi guda ɗaya. A kan wani tsararren har zuwa 10 furanni tare da diamita na 2-2.5 cm.
  • Harshen stemless primula (R. vulgaris) na girma a Turai ta Yamma da Tsakiya, a Gabas ta Tsakiya, a Ƙananan Tsakiya da tsakiyar Asia, a arewacin Afrika. Ganye na shuka suna lalata, wasu daga cikinsu suna kiyaye su a cikin hunturu. Tsuntsaye kamar kimanin 20 cm, a cikinsu akwai furanni guda biyu na launin rawaya ko fari tare da launi mai launin shuɗi har zuwa 4 cm a diamita. Za a sake fara a watan Satumba.
  • Primula high (R. elatior);
  • Abkhazian Primula (R. abchasica);
  • Primula Voronova (R. woronowii);
  • Primula Pallas (R. pallasii);
  • Primula Komarova (R. komarovii) da sauransu.

Candelabra Primrose Sashe

Sashen ya ƙunshi nau'i nau'in nau'i na primroses. A hawan tsaunuka a lokacin rani sun bayyana alamun ƙananan, wanda aka shirya a cikin zobba, don haka ana kiran shuka a candelabra primrose.. Kula ya shafi tsari don hunturu. Wannan sashe ya haɗa da nau'ikan da ke biyowa:

  • Jumhuriyar Japan (R. japonica) - Japan da Kuril Islands suna dauke da wurin zama na shuka. A kan high peduncle 40-50 cm tsawo furanni na Crimson ko farin suna sanya a cikin uku. Wadannan tayi na iya zama har zuwa kashi 4-5. A shuka blooms a watan Yuni da Yuli. Yana fi son ƙasa m mai ban sha'awa da wuri a cikin penumbra da inuwa. Furewa suna haskaka haske a rana. A cikin hunturu yana buƙatar tsari. Tsarin tsire-tsire ya fi kyau a yi nan da nan bayan flowering - a watan Agusta.
  • Wutar lantarki (R. pulverulenta) - yankunan marshy na kasar Sin suna dauke da wurin haihuwa na shuka. Bambancin wannan jinsin shine tsinkar fure a kan bishiyoyi da ganye na shuka. Daya daga cikin mafi kyau ado candelabra primroses.
  • Bissa primula (R. Beesiana);
  • Kokburna primula (P. coekburniana);
  • Primula Bulley (R. bulleyana), da sauransu.

Yana da muhimmanci! Hakanan ya ƙunshi salts na manganese. Ganye na shuka suna da arziki a cikin ascorbic acid da carotene, don haka ana cin su a farkon bazara. Rhizomes sun ƙunshi saponin, mai mahimmancin mai, glycosides. Ana amfani dashi a matsayin tsire-tsire na magani don rheumatism, cututtuka na numfashi, a matsayin diuretic. Ana amfani da ganyayen ganye don sanyi, rashin barci, ciwon kai.

Tsarin jinsin jinsin

Jamus growers samar da rarraba jinsunan primrose bisa ga siffar da kuma wurin da ake kira primrose inflorescences.

Cushion

Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da nau'o'in primroses tare da kowane mutum wanda yake da shi, wanda ya tashi sama da ganyen shuka.

  • Primula Voronova (R. Woronovvii);
  • Prugonitskaya primula (R. x pruhoniciana);
  • Primula talakawa ko stemless (R. vulgaris = P. Acaulis);
  • Primula Julia (R. Juliae);
  • Na farko shine ƙananan (R. Minima).
Shin kuna sani? Babbar ƙaunar ƙauna ita ce Babbar Catherine Catherine. Tana son tarin maɗaukaki na ɗayan, kuma ya yi farin ciki ya gabatar da ita ga daular. Kashegari, ana tattara dukan jarin zuwa Winter Garden a St. Petersburg.

Sauti-kamar

Akwai nau'in jinsuna na primroses, waɗanda aka samo furanni a cikin wata laima daya gefe. Tsawon tsaunuka, wanda ya tashi sama da lakabi na ganye, ya kai zuwa 20 cm.

  • Spring primula (R. Veris);
  • Siebold Primula ko kuma ƙi (R. R.barn = R. Patens);
  • Primula high (R. Elatior);
  • Alamar primrose ita ce polyanthudu ko wani nau'i mai yawa-flowered (R. Poliantha);
  • Primula ruwan hoda (R. Rosea);
  • Ƙararren kunne na farko ko mai ba da labari (R. Auricula).

Capitolate ko globose

Wannan rukuni ya haɗu da nau'in primroses, wanda aka haɗu da furanni a cikin ƙananan ƙirar ƙira. Peduncle yana da tsada, kuma a lokacin flowering tsayinsa ya kai har zuwa 20 cm, kuma a cikin tsawon lokacin da ya kai har zuwa 45 cm.

  • Primula capitate (R. Capitata);
  • Primula lafiya-toothed (R. Denticulata).

Tiered

Primroses na wannan rukuni suna da siffofin ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i da yawa. Tsakanin karfi da kama da siffar candelabra.

  • Bissa Primula (R. Beesiana);
  • Bullei Primula (R. Bulleyana);
  • Maganar da aka yi da karfi (R. Pulverulenta);
  • Jafananci na Japan (R. Japonica).

Alamar Bell

Wannan rukuni ya ƙunshi alamar farawa tare da furanni mai laushi, wanda aka sanya a sama da lakabi na ganye a kan tsaunuka masu yawa.

Mafi shahararrun su shine:

  • Primula Florinda (P. Florindae);
  • Sikkim Primrose (P. Sikldmensis).
Kwayoyin da ba a sani ba:
  • Primula Cortus (R. Cortusoides);
  • Primula Komarova (R. Komarowii);
  • Siberian primula (R. Sibirica);
  • Mealy Primula (R. farinosa);
  • Primula Ruprecht (P. ruprechtii);
  • Primula Orchid ko Vialla (R. Vialii);
  • Babbar primula (P. Macrocalyx);
  • Norwegian Primula (P. Finmarchica);
  • Primula Pallas (R. Pallasii);
  • Primula fringed (R. margininata);
  • Primula snow (R. Nivalis);
  • Chionanta primula (P.chionantha);
  • Primula sanyi (R. Algida);
  • Scottish primrose (R. Scotica).

Yana da muhimmanci! Masana kimiyya sunce cewa primroses hango ko hasashen damuwa. An lura cewa a tsibirin Java Royal primrose blooms ne kawai a tsakar rana na rushewa. An yi imani da cewa dalilin wannan ikon shine ultrasonic vibrations cewa hanzarta motsi na ruwa a cikin shuka, wanda take kaiwa zuwa flowering flowering.

Primrose hade da abubuwa masu yawa masu yawa: ba su bukaci idan sun girma, suna da tsayi da tsayi, suna da sanyi zuwa ga sanyi, kuma irin su suna da mahimmanci har ma da mafi mahimmanci.