A yau, 'ya'yan inabi suna ɗaya daga cikin mashahuran tsire-tsire a cikin gonakin mu. Jerin duniya iri-iri a yau sun hada da sama da nau'ikan 20,000 na wannan kyakkyawan shuka, wanda 3,000 suke girma a cikin CIS. Ofaya daga cikin ayyukan kiwo shine namo nau'in innabi da wuri. Sakamakon irin wannan binciken na kimiyya shine asalin juzu'i iri-iri na Julian.
Tarihin namo nau'ikan innabi Julian
Bambancin Julian an ba da shi a cikin yankin Rostov ta mai shayarwa na gida V.U. Kaplyushny ta tsallake wasu shahararrun nau'ikan Kesha da Rizamat. Daga Kesha ne ya sami babban fa'idarsa - farkon fitar da berries. Kuma daga Rizamat ya gaji daɗin ɗanɗano da siffar bunƙasa.
Bayanin varietyan itacen inabi na Julian
Julian wani nau'in innabi ne na tebur, wanda ya sha bamban da lokacin farkon girki. Daga fure zuwa girbi, kwanaki 95 kacal suka shude. Furen fure na bisexual baya buƙatar pollination na wucin gadi. Beraya daga cikin Berry yana da nauyin 20 g, gungu na 800-1000 g, kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau har zuwa 2000. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu launin fenti suna zane mai ruwan hoda tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Tare da tsananin zafi a rana, launi na berries ya zama mai haske. Fata na bakin ciki. Dandano mai daɗin jituwa tare da ƙarshen musky gama. Berries na Julian na dogon lokaci ba su rasa gabatarwarsu kuma suna jure wa harkar sufuri daidai. Julian ya fara bada 'ya'ya a cikin shekara ta uku ta rayuwa, kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau tuni a karo na biyu.
Bidiyo - iri-iri na Julian: bayanin, amfanin gona
Ganyen suna matsakaici ne, masu kamannin zuciya. Kurmin yana tsayayya da frosts ƙasa zuwa -24 ° C, amma har yanzu wannan nau'in yana jin daɗin mafi yawan yankuna tare da yanayin dumin yanayi mai ɗumi. Bai kamata a manta cewa Julian ba, duk da juriyarta na sanyi, yana buƙatar tsari don hunturu.
Bayyanar 'ya'yan itatuwa Julian: hoto
- 'Ya'yan itãcen Julian ana bambanta su da ɗanɗano mai jituwa mai daɗi.
- Yawan nauyin burodi ɗaya ya wuce 1 kg
- Yawan nauyin Berry guda ya kai 20 g
- A cikin bushes da aka dasa a cikin inuwa, berries suna da launin paler
Julian dan kadan ne mai saukin kamuwa da daskarewa. Tsayayya ga cututtukan fungal, gami da oidium da mildew sune matsakaici.
Siffofin dasa shuki da kuma samar da nau'in innabi na Julian
Da farko dai, ya dace da kusanci da zabi na 'yan seedlings. Plantingarancin kayan abu mai inganci yana ba da tabbacin kyakkyawan rayuwa mai kyau, har ma da ƙananan rauni zuwa ga cututtuka daban-daban. Yankin Julian yana yaduwa tare da taimakon ƙwayoyin seedlings na shekara-shekara ko kuma da taimakon ganyen itacen inabi na shekara-shekara. Amma, idan kuna da zaɓi, to yana da mafi kyawun bayar da fifiko ga seedling na shekara-shekara.
Lokacin zabar kayan dasa, da farko kula da tushen tsarin seedling. Yawancin Tushen, mafi sauƙin inabi zai yi haƙuri da dasa. Duba idan tushen suna da rai: ka ce wa mai siyar ya yanke tushen ɗaya. A yanke, ya kamata ya zama fari. Tushen launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa alamu ne na shuka mai mutu.
A kan akwati na seedling kada ta kasance wani burbushi na kowane lalacewa ta jiki. Yi ɗan ƙarami a kan haushi tare da yatsan hannunka, filayen filaye masu rai ya kamata a bayyane a ƙarƙashinsa, kamar yadda a tushen, wannan yana nuna cewa seedling yana da rai kuma a shirye don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa.
Yanzu bari mu matsa zuwa kan nazarin kodan. Idanun ya kamata su iya sakewa don taɓawa. Kada a cika fitar da sikeli, ƙasa da faduwa sosai.
A yau, ana samun itacen innabi sau da yawa a cikin shagunan, waɗanda aka shafe su da kakin zuma mai kariya ta musamman. Yana rage daukar iska, wanda yake bada damar kyakkyawan adana kayan shuka. Hakanan, irin wannan kakin zuma yana da tasirin kariya na rigakafi. Babu buƙatar gwada cire shi kafin ko bayan dasawa, ba ya tsoma baki tare da tsira rayuwar.
Idan kana da zabi, buy seedlings tare da rufaffiyar tushen tsarin. Ba su ji rauni yayin digging kaka kuma priori suna da mafi girman rayuwa. Wannan ya shafi ba kawai ga inabi ba, har ma ga kowane amfanin gona da aka yaɗa ta hanyar dasa kayan.
Ana shirin sauka
Itatuwan innabi an dasa su a cikin ƙasa a buɗe kafin lokacin farko na sanyi ko a lokacin bazara kafin ya kwarara ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Da farko dai, tono ramuka na 25 cm a diamita da kusan zurfin cm 45. Haɗa ƙasa daga ramin da yashi da humus a cikin 2: 1: 1 rabo.
Tushen ƙwayoyin cuta bai kamata ya lanƙwasa lokacin dasa shuki ba. Idan sun yi tsayi da yawa, to ya fi kyau a yanka su zuwa girman da ake buƙata. Karka damu, wannan hanyar ba zata cutar da 'ya'yan inabin ba, amma yunƙurin yin tushen giyan zai girma da muhimmanci yana rage yawan rayuwa.
Algorithm don dasa shuki gero
- Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar kulawa da kyawawan magudanar ruwa. Inabi ba sa yin haƙuri da danshi. Don yin wannan, zuba 10-15 cm daga yumɓu da aka faɗaɗa, tubalin da aka fashe ko tsakuwa a saman ramin.
- Yayyafa magudanar ruwa a saman cakuda ƙasa wadda aka riga aka shirya don samar da karamin tarko a kai.
- Saita seedling a cikin rami. Sannu a hankali yada tushen tare da gangara na sandoll. Yana da mahimmanci cewa wurin yin rigakafin shine 1-1.5 cm sama da ƙasa.
- Mun cika ramin da ƙasa, yayyafa shi da guga ɗaya na ruwa da rago. Yanzu tushen gashi yana cikin kusanci da barbashi na ƙasa.
- Bayan an kwashe dukkan danshi, ya wajaba don ƙara ƙasan ƙasa kuma bugu da compari yana haɗa ƙasa.
- Yanzu, ragowar nau'in seedling da ke saman ƙasa kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa mai kwance daga sama, yana kafa karamin tarko.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki a cikin bazara
Siffofin kulawa da Julian
Ba za a iya kira 'ya'yan itacen inabi Julian a cikin tashin hankali ba. Yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da matsakaiciyar juriya ga cututtuka. Koyaya, lokacin girma shine ya zama dole don aiwatar da ayyukan gona na yau da kullun. Kulawa da saurayi Julian ya ƙunshi a kullun (sau ɗaya a mako) shayarwa, weeding da mulching. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar cewa a kwance ƙasa a cikin da'irar kusa don ƙara haɓaka tsarin tushen. Tattara tare da wadannan mitar:
- A cikin bazara, tun kafin ku dauke tsari na hunturu, zube bushes tare da bayani mai gina jiki mai zuwa. 20ara 20 g na superphosphate, 10 g na ammonium nitrate da 5 g na potassium gishiri a guga ɗaya na ruwa. Ana yin ruwa a farashin 10 lita na bayani a kowane daji.
- Lokaci na gaba, ciyar da shuka tare da wannan cakuda kafin fure.
- Amma kafin fruiting ya zama dole don ware ammonium nitrate daga miya, wanda ya sa duk sojojin 'ya'yan inabin ke fuskantar fruiting, maimakon gina taro taro.
- Bayan an girbe amfanin gona, ana buƙatar ciyar da inabi da potassium. Wannan zai taimaka wa inabin su tsira da hunturu.
- Sau ɗaya a kowace shekara uku kuna buƙatar takin kasar gona da taki. Ana aiwatar da hanyar a cikin bazara. Yada taki a sutturar uniform kuma ya tono ƙasa akan bajet ɗin felu.
Cututtuka, hanyoyin magani da rigakafin
Yawancin cututtukan da Julian ba su da lafiya suna da asali ne na fungal, shine, abubuwanda ke haifar da su sune fungi na microscopic.
Yankunan cututtukan da suka fi yawa daga Julian: tebur
| Take | Pathogen | Alamun waje | Yanayin abin da ya faru |
| Mildew (mearshe mealydew) | Tsarin naman kaza Plasmopara viticola | Tabon mai zai shafawa a saman ɓangaren ganye, sannan a cikin rigar sanyi wani gurmi mai narkewa yana bayyana a ƙasan gefen, mai kama. Sannu a hankali, necrosis nama ya fara akan yankin da ya kamu da ganye kuma ya zama launin ruwan kasa. Ganyayyaki da suka lalace sun faɗi. A lokacin fure, cutar ta bazu zuwa gungu. Wannan yana haifar da asarar ɓangaren amfanin gona. | Rigar sanyi da dumin yanayi. Yankunan da ya fi dacewa shine kimanin 25 ° C. |
| Oidium (mildew foda) | Mushroom Uncinula necator | Ganyayyaki masu kamuwa da cuta suna rufe launin toka-kamar shuki. Nan gaba, wannan "ƙura" yana rufe furanni da berries. A sakamakon haka, inflorescences mutu, kuma berries crack da bushe. | Damɓa, yanayin kwantar da hankula. Zazzabi mai dacewa 25-35 ° C. |
| Grey rot | Naman kaza Botrytis cinerea | Ganye, furanni da gungu an rufe su da murfin launin toka mai kauri, wanda yake bushewa idan an taɓa shi. Idan lokacin bazara ya zama zafi, to cutar za ta dakatar da kanta, amma a cikin yanayin rigar zai lalace zuwa berries kuma rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. | Ya shafi da farko da suka ji rauni yankunan da shuka. A hankali yake haɓaka lokacin da akwai danshi da yanayin dumama. |
| Anthracnose | Naman naman sawa na ampelophagum | Bar rufe launin ruwan kasa aibobi kewaye da whitish iyaka. A hankali, aibobi suka haɗo, ƙwayar da ke cikin su ta mutu. Abun raunuka suna bayyana akan harbe, petioles da berries. | Ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya. |
A lokacin girbin kaka a gonar, yana da matukar muhimmanci a tattara duk zuriyar dabbobi daga ƙarƙashin grapesakin inabin kuna ƙona shi, zai fi dacewa a waje da yankin gonar. Cikakken ganye ne cikakkiyar shimfiɗa don cututtukan fungal.
Mafi yawan cututtukan innabi a cikin hoto
- Idiungiyar innabi ta Oidium
- Berries shafi launin toka rot
- Na farko alamun cin nasarar inabi inabi mildu
- Anthracnose harbe
Magunguna da ke ba ka damar yakar cututtukan cututtukan fungal ana kiransu fungicides. A yau, an gabatar da babban adadin irin waɗannan kwayoyi a cikin shagunan. Koyaya, daga irin wannan shirye-shirye iri-iri ba koyaushe ba zai yiwu a zaɓi mafi inganci da ingantaccen zaɓi wanda ya dace musamman ga lambun ku. Saboda wannan, sulfate na tagulla, wanda tsararraki suka gwada shi, shine mafi yawan kashe-kashe yau da kullun.
Bidiyo: sarrafa inabi da sulusin sulusin
Aikin farko na inabine tare da sulusin sulke yana gudana a cikin bazara kafin a buɗe ayoyin. Don ƙananan tsire-tsire, kuna buƙatar bayani na 0.5%: 50 g da lita 10 na ruwa. Inabi na manya za su buƙaci bayani na 1%. A cikin kaka, bayan ganyayyaki sun faɗi daga 'ya'yan inabin, ana sake sarrafa shi:' Ya'yan inabi - bayani mai 3%, tsire-tsire manya - 5%.
Nazarin karatun farko
Akwai dasa shuki guda 4 a cikin dasa .. growtharfin haɓaka duka akan ƙasarmu kuma a cikin yanayinmu ya fi matsakaita, amma ba ƙari.Ya tsayayya da fari da saƙa a lokacin furanni, ana lura da zubar da ƙwayar kwai, amma akasari akan manyan farfajiya. ciyawar furanni, kuna buƙatar yin gwaji .. Amma harda abinda ya rage yayi alƙawarin girma da girma.
Elena Petrovna//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2859
Dasa tushen itace a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2010 a yau ya kasance tsawon girma na 1 m.
Syretsky//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2859
Sannu
Fursa Irina Ivanovna
A kakar wasan data gabata, an lika bishiyoyin Julian akan asalin daji .. A wannan shekarar itace ta farko.Duk irin wannan cutar, babu wata tambaya game da wannan sigar, komai na al'ada.Gudu na da karfi, kowannensu yana da inflorescences 2-3, Dole ne in daidaita yadda yake. komai yana yanzu, ba tare da Peas ba, amma wani abu ya tsaya a daidai wannan lokacin na ci gaba. Ina nufin, a sarari bai dace da matsayin da aka nuna ba na kwanaki 95-100. Tare da balaga iri ɗaya Super-karin, amma ya riga ya zama mai daɗin ci da ƙananan tari Kusan Julian ban ma gwada gwadawa ba kuma Berry kawai ya fara laushi ...
Yanzu, menene kuma abin ban sha'awa a gare ni: koyaushe ina cire childrenan uwa, amma hakan ya faru da na rasa wannan hanyar a cikin gonar inabin ta har sati guda. Don haka Julian ya girma matakan ladabi nan take kuma suma suna da inflorescences 2-3, sun rage kaɗan don gwajin ( biyu ga kowane harbi) - ba komai, ɗaya pollinated, ɗayan fure, na uku Amma aka tattara har ma da matattaran kansu basu daina haɓaka ba, amma suna ci gaba da haɓaka da ƙarfi, wasu ta mita, na ɗaure su tuni. powerarfin girma yana ba da damar, a matsakaita, 4 m. cewa wannan nau'i zai kasance tare da ci gaba da zagayowar 'ya'yan itace sanye har sanyi.//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2859
Bambancin daga Juyin Juyin Juya Hali da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya har yanzu tana da dandano, Julian ya raunana a ranar 26 ga Yuli
Sergey Dandyk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2859
Babban fa'idar nau'in innabi na Julian shine farkon lokacin yinsa. Za ku girba cikin kwanaki 95. Hakanan, wannan nau'ikan yana gwada kyau tare da juriya ga cututtuka da kyakkyawan kyakkyawan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
