Gooseberries suna cikin waɗannan shahararrun bishiyoyi waɗanda ana iya samun su a kusan kowane rukunin lambu. Wannan al'adar mara ma'ana ba ta buƙatar kulawa mai rikitarwa, kawai ya isa ya samar da daji daidai kuma datsa shi a kan kari.
Me yasa kuma yadda ake yanke gooseberries
Yin datti wata hanya ce mai araha da ingantacciyar hanyar kula da bishiyoyi da shukoki masu yawa, wanda zaku iya magance yawan matsaloli - daga ƙarancin amfanin gona zuwa kafa kambi don dalilai na kayan ado. Don gooseberries, da aka ba da fasalulluka na tsarinta, girke girke na yau da kullun ana yin buƙatacce ne don ci gaban da ya dace da kuma rayuwa. Kada ku manta da wannan taron idan kuna son shuka ingantaccen shuka mai kyan gani kuma ku sami amfanin gona mai inganci.
Tare da kulawar da ta dace daga daji guzberi ɗaya, zaku iya samun kilo 20 na berries
Dalilin datsa
Dalilin da ya sa lambu ke yin shukar gooseberries na iya zama kamar haka:
- Shuka rejuvenation. Guzberi daji, ya kai shekara 8, an dauki tsoho ne. Don tsawaita rayuwarsa da kuma kula da fruiting, lambu sau da yawa suna ba da rigakafin tsufa. Gaskiyar ita ce tushen tsarin daji da sassanta na sama suna cikin dangantaka mai kyau. Ana cire wani ɓangare na harbe ko kuma rage su yana ƙarfafa ƙarfi mai ƙarfi daga tushen zuwa ga rassan, wanda, bi da bi, samar da sabon mai tushe tare da murfin yanke hukunci mai yawa kuma yana da iyalwar fure.
- Yawan haɓaka. Gooseberries suna halin ikon samar da babban adadin sababbin harbe a cikin ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Idan ba a zube su ba, to kambi zai yi kauri sosai, wanda hakan zai cutar da gurbatawar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da 'ya'yan itace. Goousar da gooseberries na ƙarin rassan da kuma samar da kambi mai iska mai iska zai sanya pollination ya zama mafi yawan fa'ida da tasiri.
- Matakan hanawa. Gooseberries, kamar sauran amfanin gona na lambu, suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban, sanadin yawancinsu waɗanda ke ɗaukar toka na daji (musamman cututtukan fungal). Yin gogewar zai ba da dukkan harbe tare da iska mai kyau, isasshen hasken rana kuma zai taimaka wajen nisantar ko rage hulɗa da rassan lafiya tare da masu cutar.
- Kirkirar kafa. Ana yin datsa don wannan dalilin a matakai da yawa kuma wajibi ne don tabbatar da cigaban daji.
Kayan aiki mai mahimmanci
Don datsa da gooseberries, kuna buƙatar mai datsa da dabino. Zai fi kyau gudanar da aiki a cikin safofin hannu na auduga don kare kai daga jijiyoyi ko ba da gangan ba yanke kanka akan kayan aiki.
- Bayanan sirri. Tare da shi, zaka iya cire ƙananan rassan da ke kan farfajiya, amma ba zai iya jimre da karsashin rassan ba.
Wani mai sa ya fi dacewa ya yanke ƙananan rassa waɗanda ke gefen gefen daji
- Masu ba da labari. An tsara shi don yankan rassan iko (har zuwa 5 cm a diamita) wanda ke a cikin zurfin daji, wanda baza a iya yanke shi da sarƙa.
Ima'idodin sun yi kama da masu girke-girke, amma suna da kullun, wanda zai ba ka damar aiki tare da kaya masu nauyi kuma cikin wahalar isa wurare
Yi ƙoƙarin amfani da kayan aikin da suka dace da waɗannan buƙatun:
- Inganci da karko. Kayan aiki bai kamata ya karya ba lokacin aikace-aikacen manyan mayaƙa (alal misali, lokacin datse rassan lokacin farin ciki).
- -Ararrawa mai inganci. Abunda yakamata yakamata ya zama mai kaifi kuma yakamata daga nush da wasu ajizanci.
- Haske mai nauyi. Yin aiki tare da irin wannan kayan aiki yafi dacewa fiye da na mai nauyi. Wannan zai ba ku damar gudanar da babban aiki da adana kuzari.
- Riko mai sauƙi. Baya ga siffar da ta dace, makulli yakamata ya kasance yana da kayan shigar daskarewa na musamman, godiya ga wanda hannaye ba zasu zamewa ba.
Idan za ta yiwu, yi ƙoƙarin siyan kayan aiki na launin ja ko ruwan lemo - zai kasance a bayyane ya gani a ƙasa kuma ba zai ɓace a cikin lokacin farin koren kore ba.
Sirrin Guzberi
Domin guzirinku ya haɓaka ta hanya mafi kyau, ya zama dole a fara ƙirƙira shuki daidai (sane da tsarin sa zai taimaka wajen yin wannan), sannan a kai a kai aiwatar da ayyukan da ake son riƙe wannan nau'in.
Tsarin Bush
Gooseberries samar da wata perennial daji kai mai tsawo na 1.5 m. A kambi na kusan guda diamita an kafa daga rassan shekaru daban-daban da kuma muhimmi harbe. Latterarshe na girma daga waɗancan rassan daga tushe, waɗanda suke a gindin daji. Tushen tushe shine ɓangaren gangar jikin da ke cikin ƙasa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, yana da tsawon kusan 30 cm da diamita na kusan 5 cm.
Da kaka, za a rufe koren ciyayi da haushi ya zama cikakkun rassa
A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, ana haifar da tumatir ne ta girma sosai; a tsakiyar bazara, sukan canza launin kore zuwa launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa. Da kaka, matasa mai tushe za su zama maɗauri, kuma a shekara ta biyu na rayuwar tafiyar matakai zai bayyana a kansu. Ta haka ne rassan suke kafa tushen daji. Kowace shekara ana kafa karuwa a kansu, yana kai tsawon 8 zuwa 30 cm. A lokacin bazara, zai sami haushi, lignify kuma ya zama reshe mai cikakken tsari na biyu. Sabbin harbe-harben zasu kuma bayyana a kanta, wanda daga baya ya zama mai tushe na uku, da sauransu.
A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana rarrabe rassan farkon, na biyu, da na uku ta hanyar mafi girma daga 'ya'yan itace, tunda sun fi girma da ƙarfi. Godiya ga girke-girke na yau da kullun, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da sabuntawar irin waɗannan harbe, wanda ke nufin kiyaye mahimmancinsu da yawan aiki.
Lokacin datse gooseberries, yana da buqatar a cire gaba daya cire rassan samarda gwagwarmaya na 4 da na 5 domin habaka ci gaban rassa na 1, na 2 da na 3
Ka tuna cewa saboda tsarin musamman na tushen salatin, gooseberries samar da shinge kwance (muhimmi), wanda kuma yana buƙatar cire kullun.
Bush samuwar
Workarfin aikin kambi ya dogara da shekarun bushes.
Shekarar farko
Kuna buƙatar fara pruning daga lokacin da aka dasa ƙwayar guzberi a cikin ƙasa. A wannan yanayin, babu lalacewa da za a yi wa ƙwayar 'ya'yan itacen, don haka yin yanke a wani kusurwa na 50game da 5 mm sama da ita.
- Duba seedling kuma yanke duk mai rauni da lalace mai tushe.
- Tame sauran harbe zuwa kashi na uku ko na huɗu (kuna buƙatar ƙidaya daga matakin ƙasa).
Kada kuji tsoro don aiwatar da aikin pruning akan matasa seedling: ɗayan fasalulluka na gooseberries shine saurin haɓakar sabbin harbewa. A lokacin bazara, ciyawar ku ba kawai za ta yi ƙarfi ba har ta kafa tushen tushe, amma kuma za ta sake samun adadin mai mai tushe.
Na biyu
A farkon lokacin kaka, ya kamata ciyawarku ya mallaki rassa kusan 3 3 da yawan shekara-shekara. Don yin wannan, datsa kamar haka:
- Zabi ba fiye da bakwai mafi mai yiwuwa kuma dace located harbe girma daga ƙasa (tushen wuya), da kuma kokarin yanke su har su kai tsawo of about 30 cm.
- Yanke sauran rassan don kada tsayin su ya wuce 20 cm.
- Cire kwance harbe da harbe, a lokacin trimming, ba su kai 20 cm a tsawon ba, saboda kar su ja wa kansu kayan abinci masu mahimmanci don haɓaka rassan da suka fi karfi.
Na uku
A shekara ta uku bayan dasa shuki a kan gooseberries, yakamata ya zama kusan rassan 12-18 na shekaru daban-daban, waɗanda ke samar da tushen daji. Don cimma wannan, aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan:
- Kuma, gaba daya cire duk a kwance harbe, kazalika da mara yiwuwa mai yiwuwa harbe.
- Yanke ragowar rassan ta hanyar 12-15 cm, suna kirgawa daga saman, musamman idan an lura da ci gaban mara kyau da ci gaba mai tsiro.
A cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa, an yanke rassan da misalin 1/2, a cikin na biyu - by 1/3, a cikin na uku - an fike fips kuma a kwance gefuna kwance.
Na huxu kuma shekaru masu zuwa
A shekara ta huɗu bayan dasa shuki, itacen guzberi ya zama ya fara girma ya fara kawo matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa, don haka tsarin tsari a wannan lokacin bai kamata a yi sakaci da shi ba. Matakan trimming ya haɗa da cirewar rassan da suka dace da mara tushe. Hakanan wajibi ne don yanke harbe matasa, gami da waɗanda suka taso daga tushe mai wuya, don hana haɓakar harbe-harbe a kwance, saboda ya kamata a tayar da rassan gooseberries sama da ƙasa.
Dole ne daji ya ƙunshi shekaru 15 masu tushe na shekaru daban-daban. Ya kamata a cire rassan da suka girmi shekaru 5, kuma ya kamata a bar ƙananan harbe 3 daga tushen harba.
Wani ɗan itacen oak na fure yakamata ya sami rassa 15-20 ba wanda ya girmi shekaru 5
Karka manta da ciyar da tsirrai bayan kwabe. Don yin wannan, tono maɓuɓɓugun mai zurfin kusan cm 30 da takin, sannan kuma binne shi.
- A cikin bazara, ciyar da gooseberries tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen (sashi na 50-70 g a kowane daji).
- A cikin kaka, takin yankin da yake kusa-kirjin (yana rufe da kusan rabin mil a kewayen kewayen) tare da peat ɓawon burodi ko takin.
Anti-tsufa pruning
Lokacin da gooseberries ya kai shekara 7-8, kuna buƙatar gudanar da girke girke na girke girke na bishiyoyi. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya cire iyakar 1/3 rassa.
- Yanke tsoho, juya, mai rauni, harbe mai cuta, barin kawai mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi tushen tushen mai tushe.
- A kan rassan da suka rage, bincika saman. Idan kun sami lahani (alal misali, bushe ko fashe), yanke shi a cikin yanki na farkon tsarin ƙarshe.
Cire lokaci na bushe ko na baki mai ɗorewa yana da amfani mai amfani ga ɓangaren lafiya na reshe
Idan guzberi ya tsufa sosai (alal misali, yana da shekara 10 ko fiye), to kuwa rigakafin tsufa zai zama mafi m. Dole ku yanke duk rassan daga gindin, barin kawai 5 mafi iko da haɓaka. Bayan irin wannan pruning, tare da dacewa da kulawa na lokaci, dajin zai zama da sauri rufe sabon harbe da ƙarfi. A bu mai kyau don aiwatar da sake farfadowa a cikin bazara, saboda a lokacin bazara da ciyawar za ta iya girma da karfi kuma su kafa sabo harbe.
Tsarin girke girke don tsufa na tsufa na shekaru 20, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a aiwatar da shi.
Trimming wani daji daji
Wani lokacin lambu suna barin kula guzberi, alal misali, saboda yawan shekarunsa, ko kuma kawai kar a kula da daji. Wannan yana haifar da thickening na Berry, sabili da haka zuwa raguwa a yawan aiki. Bugu da kari, irin wannan tsiro na da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban kuma yana iya cutar da wasu albarkatu cikin sauki. Don hana wannan yanayin, pruning zai taimake ku.
Lura cewa cikakken maido da shukar da akayi sakaci zai dauki shekaru biyu zuwa hudu.
- A bakin ciki da farko. Don yin wannan, a yanka zuwa tushe duk tsoffin baƙaƙen rassan, har da karye, harbe mai goge da harbe.
- Daga cikin harbe a tsaye, bar 5 mafi yiwuwa. Daga rassan da aka girbe, a yanka fi bushe zuwa farkon reshe na ƙarshe na ƙarshe.
- A nan gaba, a datsa gooseberries a kai a kai bisa ga ƙa'idodin general don kula da kambin da kuma hana sake murƙushe daji.
Yancin daji na zamani
Ana yin datti sau biyu a shekara - a cikin bazara da kaka. A lokacin rani, ba shi yiwuwa a aiwatar da aikin, saboda guzberi da sauri ya samar da adadin sabbin rassa, don haka taron zai zama mara amfani.
Lokacin bazara
Ana aiwatar da kwalliyar bazara na gooseberries a gaban buds a buɗe akan daji. Gooseberries farka da wuri - a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin rabin rabin Maris, buds fara farawa a kanta, kuma a ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu, farkon ganyayyaki sun bayyana. Idan kana son datsa shi a cikin bazara, yana da muhimmanci a sami lokaci don yin wannan kafin ya kwarara ruwan itace a cikin akwati - in ya yiwu a farkon shekarun Maris. An ba da shawarar cutar da harbe tare da ganyayyaki masu fure - wannan zai rage girman shuka, wanda ke nufin rage yawan amfanin sa.
- Cire tsoffin rassan (a matsayin mai mulkin, suna kusan baki) da harbe.
- Bishiyoyi masu zurfi: datsa ba mai yiwuwa ba kuma mai lahani (juya, karye) mai tushe. Da kyau tsaftace tsakiyar daji daga matasa rauni harbe da kuma rassan amfanin gona durƙusad da.
- Gashi manyan sassan. Yi amfani da lambun var don wannan dalilin.
Bidiyo: dabarar shuki na bazara
Rana
Idan baku da damar yanke gooseberries a cikin bazara, to kuna iya yin shi a cikin bazara. Rage girki a farkon kaka ba da shawarar ba: wannan na iya shafar ci gaban sababbin harbe da ba su da lokaci zuwa lignify kafin farkon yanayin sanyi ya mutu. Saboda haka, ana yin girbi na damina a lokacin da ake fara bayan girbi da faɗuwar ganye da ci gaba har zuwa farkon yanayin sanyi.
- Bincika daji gaba daya cire duk baƙar fata harbe.
- Inanƙan shukakku: kawar da rassa marasa ƙarfi da lahani (mai dafi, mara lafiya, ya karye), da kuma wurin da ba zai yiwu ba (alal misali, yin fito da karfi daga kurmi na kowa ko rataye ƙasa a ƙasa). Yi ƙoƙarin tsabtace tsakiyar daji gwargwadon abin da zai yiwu domin kauda sabbin harbe da rassan ƙazamar ƙarfi.
- Tabbatar yin amfani da gonar var don mai sheki a wuraren manyan sassan.
Ka tuna cewa matsakaicin adadin sarewar rassan kada su wuce 1/3 na adadin su.
Bidiyo: Itace kaka ta 'ya'yan gooseberries
Trimming gooseberries baya ɗaukar kowace wahala kuma a kafada, har ma daren lambu mai novice. Babban abu shine a hankali kuma a kan aiwatar da duk shawarwarin don wannan taron, kuma daji zai amsa wannan tare da lafiya da girbi mai yawa.
