Tarihin Quince yana da fiye da millennia huɗu. Ana amfani da Quince ƙasar mahaifar Caucasus. A nan akwai tartsatsi a cikin daji: yana girma a bankunan koguna, farin ciki da gefuna na daji, ya hau cikin tsaunuka zuwa matakin 1400. Mahalli shi ne arewacin Iran, Asiya, Australia, Amurka, Afirka ta yamma a cikin tsauraran wurare masu tsauri.
Mene ne Quince
Quince shine kawai wakilin dangin Pink. Ya na da kamannin bishiyar itace ko shuki, rassan su sun tsayu gaba ɗaya.
'Ya'yan itacen suna da alaƙa da apple, amma ku yi hattara - yana iya zama da tauri. 'Ya'yan itacen itace apple ne mai karya, zagaye ko mai kama da lu'ulu'u, wani lokacin tare da hakarkarinsa. A farkon farawa, ana jin-pubescent, 'ya'yan itacen cikakke sun tabbata kuma suna da santsi, suna da launin rawaya.
Fushin sa yana da wuya, ɗanɗano yana da astringent da astringent, m-zaki.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu ɗanɗano suna ɗanɗano ɗanɗano, amma sun bambanta da ƙanshin da ba a saba ba. Ana amfani dasu a cikin nau'i na jam, jam, compotes da sauran abubuwan sha masu lafiya.
A cikin bishiyun daji, 'ya'yan itacen marmari ne, masu nauyin 80, a cikin cultivars na kimanin gram 300, na iya zuwa kilogiram 2.
A tsakiyar 'ya'yan itace akwai aljihuna biyar tare da tsaba. Elaƙƙarfan ƙwayoyin suna da fari, sun ƙunshi gamsai wanda ke zube cikin ruwa. Tsaba suna jin ƙanshi kamar almon.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin' ya'yan itãcen marmari
Itace Quince yana farawa a watan Mayu, ana girbe amfanin gona a cikin kaka a ƙarshen Satumba ko Oktoba.
farin Quince furanni
An yi imanin cewa ana iya samun 'ya'yan itace a cikin yankunan kudanci na Rasha. Koyaya, wannan tsiron yana tafiya gaba gaba zuwa arewa, godiya ga bayyanar sabbin nau'ikan sanyi mai iya yin sanyi.
Noma da kulawa
Quince shine tsire-tsire marasa fassara. Ba ta da buƙatun ƙasa na musamman. Zai iya zama yashi ko yashin ƙasa, ciyayi. Hankalin kowane nau'in ƙasa yana da ɗan banbanci: a kan yashi loam kasa, yana fara ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace a baya, a kan yumɓu na yumɓu yana samar da amfanin ƙasa mai yawa.
Saukowa
Wurin da Quince zai yi girma ya kamata ya kasance mai dumama da rana, an rufe shi daga iska mai sanyi. Dasa ne ake yi a lokacin bazara, tare da kwanukan kwanciya. A cikin bazara, ba ta da lokaci don ɗauka tushe. Nisa zuwa wasu bishiyoyi da ginin yakamata ya zama aƙalla 5 mita saboda girman yankin tushen tsarin tsiro.
Ana kulawa da kulawa sosai don shirye-shiryen ƙasa. Tushen Quince ana located kusa da farfajiya na ƙasa, branching zuwa garesu na babban nesa, muhimmanci wuce girman kambi.
Abu na farko da za a fara shine a haƙa ƙasa tare da taki. Tono shi kan bayonet 1 na shebur, ta amfani da takin zamani:
- 10-20 grams na potassium chloride;
- 40-50 g na superphosphate.
An haƙa rami don seedling zuwa zurfin 40 cm tare da diamita wanda ya dace da tsarin tushen seedling, a ƙasa ana sanya shi:
- 50 g na itace ash;
- 150 g na superphosphate;
- 1 guga na humus.
Duk wannan dole ne a haɗe shi tare da ƙasa, a shayar da shi kuma ya bar makonni 1-2, bayan haka fara dasawa. Lokacin shigar da seedling, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa wurin grafting yana sama da ƙasa, tushen wuya bazai zurfafa ba. Bayan murƙushewa, ya kamata a yi amfani da ɗan ƙaramin abu kuma a shayar.
Tufafin miya
Treesawan bishiyun da suka fara haɓaka suna buƙatar ciyarwa koyaushe. A cikin bazara, yayin dasa bishiyoyi da loosening na kasar gona, an gabatar da nitrophoska a cikin adadin giram 50 a kowace murabba'in 1 a ciki. A cikin bazara, tsire-tsire matasa suna buƙatar takin mai magani na nitrogen.
A cikin kaka, bayan an girbe ’ya’yan itace, ana ƙara ƙwayoyin potash da phosphorus:
- potassium chloride - 20 g;
- superphosphate - 20 g.
Ana amfani da takin gargajiya a cikin kaka 1 lokaci cikin shekaru 2.
Juyawar daskarewa
Akwai wasu lokutan da ake buƙatar dasa bishiyoyin zuwa wani wuri. Sauyawar, hakika, mai yiwuwa ne, amma koda yaushe sakamakon hakan na iya zama tabbatacce. Yana da ma'ana ga dasa kawai matasa, uku zuwa hudu shekara itatuwa. A tsawon shekaru, bishiyar mai shekaru 15 tana da tushe a ciki yana da wahala, yana da sauƙin ɗaukar rassa daga ita kuma dasa bishiya.
Don dasa shuki a cikin bazara, an shirya ramin; kashin a cikin tsire-tsire an rage shi kuma yana da wahala a kiyaye amincin tushen sa. Tushen Girmanta ya dace da kambin itacen da aka dasa dashi. Ramin ya cika da takin zamani kamar yadda lokacin shuka yake, kuma yana shayar da shi. A cikin bazara, sun tono bishiya, suna ƙoƙarin yin ƙarancin lahani ga Tushen, saka shi cikin rami a tsakiyar, cika shi da ƙasa, shayar dashi da ciyawa.
Yankin kwantar da hankali
Treesan kananan bishiyoyi a cikin bazara suna samar da pruning. Bayan dasa, an yanke ciyawar nan da nan, yana barin 7-8 buds. Za'a kafa kafa biyu daga gare su. Shekarar ta gaba, an yanke reshen tsakiyar Quince zuwa cikin toho na waje, kuma a kan ƙananan bene, haɓaka suna taqaitaccen zuwa 50-60 cm don kafa rassa na tsari na biyu.
Daga rassan gefen, an yanke gwanaye na mai jagoran kuma rassan suna rufe da tsakiyar ɓangaren kambi.
Yana da Dole a cire tushen harbe.
An kafa kambi na Quince a cikin kwano wanda aka kafa ta rassan hudu zuwa biyar na kwarangwal kwarangwal a kan karar da ba ta wuce rabin mita ba.
Quince kambi samuwar
Bayan shekara biyar, lokacin da aka kafa kambi, kowane bazara ana kamanta kamannin sa.
A cikin kaka, an cire rassan kambi masu lalatattu da taushi. Ana yin irin wannan kayan tsafta ne bayan faduwar ganye.
Bidiyo: yadda ake datsa kwalliyar
Alurar riga kafi
Me zan shuka a kan Quince? An yi nasarar dasa pear a kai na dogon lokaci. Wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar shuka pear mai dwarf, wanda yake mai sauƙin kulawa da girbi daga gare ta.
'Ya'yan itacen irin wannan pear yana farawa ne a shekara ta uku ko ta huɗu, kuma girma yana tsayawa a wannan lokacin. Irin wannan itacen ba ya fitar da harbe-harbe, wanda ke haifar da karuwar 'ya'yan itatuwa da haɓaka a cikin dandano. Quince Anzherskaya da Provenskaya sun dace sosai kamar jari.
Yana yiwuwa a dasa rowan, hawthorn, henomeles, wanda ya yi daidai da kyau cikin itacen kuma ya sami kyakkyawar goyon baya a kan Quince.
Don Quince kanta, yana da kyau a yi amfani da tsire-tsire Quince a matsayin jari. Ana iya samun su a cikin shekara guda, tun da tsaba masu ɗaukar hoto ke da babban adadin haɓakawa da ɗan gajeren lokacin daidaitawa.
A rootstock iri-iri dole ne guda a matsayin grafted daya don ware yiwu incompatibility.
Kyakkyawan zaɓi shine jari, wanda aka samo daga ƙarancin itacen Quince, ana haɗe amfanin gona tare da wannan hannun jari fiye da tare da seedling.
Quinces suna cikin inoculated akan cotoneaster, irga, chokeberry.
Inoculation na Quince a kan apple ko pear ne da za'ayi a lokuta da wuya, wannan ya sami nasarar ne kawai tare da wasu ilimin da fasaha.
Inoculating Quince a kan dutse shima shima bahaushe bane. Don yin wannan, an grage farko akan dutse akan dutse, kuma bayan sun girma tare akan irga, ana yin rigakafin Quince.
Yankin Quince
Quince za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba da kuma vegetatively.
Tsarin iri
Yaduwar ƙwayar iri yakan haifar da asarar haruffan varietal, duk da haka, wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar samun nau'ikan hunturu da amfani da su a matsayin hannun jari don yin rigakafin kamfani iri ɗaya.
A lokacin bazara lokacin shuka, ana yin share share abubuwa na kwanaki 50-60. Shuka zai fara a tsakiyar Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu.
Preferredarin da aka fi so shine shuka kaka. A wannan yanayin, sprouts sun riga sun bayyana a ƙarshen Afrilu.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Ana ɗaukar yankan a cikin kaka daga kaka shekara, waɗanda aka yanka tare da itace 25-30 cm tsawo kuma an adana su a cikin wuri mai laima. An dasa su a farkon bazara a nesa na 10 cm daga juna da 40 cm tsakanin layuka. Kadai ɗaya ne ya rage ya zauna. M zafi ne mai tsada a cikin shinkafa ko greenhouse, a kai a kai ana shayar a bude ƙasa.
A cikin gidan kore, rayayyun rayuwa shine mafi girma - har zuwa 95%, a cikin ƙasa buɗe - 30-40%.
Cututtuka na Quince da yaƙi a kansu
Quince abu ne mai jure cutarwa ga cututtuka, amma kuma ana iya shafawa a cikin mummunan yanayi ta cututtuka kamar su mildew powdery, 'ya'yan itacen ɓawon, Rotting na ovaries, tsatsa, launin toka rot na' ya'yan itacen da sauran cututtuka. Wadannan cututtukan suna haifar da lalata ganyayyaki, rassan, 'ya'yan itatuwa da asarar amfanin gona.
Tare da cutar fungal kamar moniliosis, spores sun fara shiga cikin furanni. Furanni sun bushe, sai ganye suka fara bushewa, rassan sun bushe.
Don rigakafin wannan cuta a farkon fure amfani da Horus, Skor. Ba su da haɗari ga masu aikin pollinators.
Don hana yaduwar cutar, dole ne a yanke rassan da ke da lafiya nan da nan kan ƙoshin lafiya kuma a ƙone su.
Dole ne a cire duk ƙwayoyin da suka faɗo daga 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itatuwa daga ƙarƙashin itacen. A cikin kaka an ba da shawarar yin noma ƙasar tare da sulfate baƙin ƙarfe.
Bidiyo: Quince moniliosis
Quince kwari da yaƙi da su
'Quince za a iya shafawa daga kwari na pome amfanin gona. Karin kwari iri-iri na yau da kullun sune:
- Asu apple. Yana haifarwa da sauri sosai, yana samar da tsararraki dayawa a lokacin bazara kuma yana lalata 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa. Kuna iya kawar da shi tare da kwayoyi Lepidocide, Dendrobacillin.
- Larvae na ganye asu asu. Ganye da aka shafa suna haskakawa, sannan sai a kashe, ana rage yawan kayan amfanin gona. Zaka iya kawar dasu tare da taimakon Fundazole na miyagun ƙwayoyi.
- Alamar 'ya'yan itace, ja ko launin ruwan kasa, tsotsa ruwan' ya'yan itace daga harbe da fure. Kasancewarsu ana kamannin su ne da bayyanar satar ruwan 'ya'yan itace a jikin shuka. Don hana bayyanar su, fesa itace tare da 7% urea a cikin kaka yana taimakawa.
- Aphids. Yana tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga wata itaciya kuma yana ɗaukar cututtukan hoto masu haɗari waɗanda ba za a iya warkewa ba. Don magance shi, yi amfani da maganin sabulu (giram 50 na sabul ɗin wanki a cikin guga na ruwa) ko shirye-shiryen kashe kwari.
Quince jiyya don cututtuka da kwari
'ya'yan itacen mites
Yin rigakafin rigakafin ƙwaro tare da sinadarai zai ƙara karko da kariya daga kwari.
Don lalata kwari kwari a cikin haushi da ƙasa, suna amfani da shiri No. 30, spraying quince a kan barci buds a farkon bazara. Tushewar bishiyoyi suna lemun tsami.
Kafin kuma bayan fure, ana yin ƙarin rigakafin 2 na rigakafi:
- fesawa tare da Abiga Peak ko 1% Bordeaux cakuda daga cututtukan fungal;
- a watan Mayu, ta hanyar buds - da Horus daga fungi da Kemifos daga ganyayen ganye.
Bayan furanni, ana kula da Quince tare da shirye-shiryen IntaVir da Strobi a kan asu ko cod da fungi.
A watan Yuni, an fesa Lepidocide da Skor.
A watan Yuli, ana kula da Quince don cututtukan fungal da kwari masu girma na biyu tare da shirye-shiryen Strobi da Kemifos.
Ana dakatar da cigaba da sarrafawa domin lokacin girbin tumatir. Idan ya cancanta, zaku iya aiwatar da ƙarshen nau'in Quince Kemifos.
A yayin 'ya'yan itace, suna cikin haɗarin tsirowar subcutaneous, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa cikin' ya'yan itace cikin sauri. Ba shi da wahala a jimre da shi - kuna buƙatar fesa kambi na itacen tare da kwayoyi masu zuwa:
- maganin boric acid - 2 grams da lita 1 na ruwa;
- bayani na zinc - 2 grams da 1 lita na ruwa.
Siffofin girma Quince a wasu yankuna
A tsakiyar Rasha, ana iya girma iri dake sanyi mai sanyi. Ana iya ƙirƙirar su duka a cikin nau'i na daji, kuma a cikin nau'i na ƙaramin itace mai tsayin mita biyu.
A Siberiya, Quince daskarewa sama da matakin dusar ƙanƙara. Zaka iya girma tsinkaye kawai zuwa 1 mita tsayi - Mauleia genomeles. Kuna buƙatar dasa shi a inda akwai dusar ƙanƙara a cikin yankin hunturu kuma kullun yana cikin rana. Don hunturu an nannade shi da kayan sutura da kuma daskararruwar tsirar a saman. Zai fi kyau a tara fruitsa fruitsan itatuwa kafin a yi sanyi, sun zama masu daɗin ci da ƙyar acidic.
A arewacin Ukraine, galibi yawanci yakan girma tare da daji daga tsaba. Seedlings yi haƙuri sanyi fiye da tsire-tsire wanda aka liƙa.
Babban iri da nau'ikan Quince
- Quince talakawa. Yana girma a cikin nau'i na daji ko bishiya 2-3 mita tsayi. Wannan ya bambanta ta hanyar ɗan gajeren petioles na ganye, fure a tsakiyar Mayu, 'ya'yan itãcen sun haɗu a watan Oktoba. Damu ga sanyi da fari.
Na kowa
- Golden - weedy Quince tare da manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu nauyin har 400 gram a cikin siffar apple, yana farfadowa a ƙarshen Satumba. Yayi girma har zuwa kilogiram 60 daga daji.
Zinare
- Kuban wata 'yar itace ce mai ƙarancin girma tare da' ya'yan itace masu matsakaici, siffar 'ya'yan itacen itace zagaye-silili, ma'anar tsiro shine shekarun 1-2 na Oktoba. Ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai ruwan' ya'yan itace tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara mai laushi
Kuban
- Muscat wani nau'i ne na matsakaici-matsakaici tare da manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa waɗanda ke da daɗin ji da yawa, zagaye-silili tare da haske, mai taushi. Yin hayayyafar 'ya'yan itatuwa - ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba, samar da kilo 30-45 daga itace.
Nutmeg
- Girbi Kuban - matsakaici-sized quince tare da manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu nauyin 500 har zuwa 500. Mage mai tsami, ana iya cinye shi ɗanye. Haya a cikin Oktoba, yana ba da girbi daga itacen har zuwa kilogiram 100. Winter-Hardy da fari-resistant, ba mai saukin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal.
Girbi Kuban
- Juice - mai rauni, low Quince tare da zaki, sosai m 'ya'yan itãcen matsakaici size. Girbi daga bishiya ya kai kilo 50.
Juyarwa
- Lemon - hunturu-Hardy da fari-resistant Quince, ripens a ƙarshen Satumba. An bambanta shi da manyan 'ya'yan itace pear-mai siffa an rufe shi da ƙanshi mai laushi. Ganyen yana da dadi kuma mai ƙanshi, ana iya amfani da shi da raw, amma an fi amfani dashi don sarrafawa.
Lemun tsami
- Volgograd mai taushi-itace ne mai-sanyi lokacin hunturu da fari-mai tsaurin yanayi. Itacen yana da siffar daji tare da kambi mai zagaye. Yin hayaniya a watan Satumba, amfanin gona na shekara-shekara. Pea -an itace mai ɗorewa, fruitsa fruitsan witha withan da ke da dandano mai daɗi da m da ƙanshi mai ƙarfi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun dace da abinci mai amfani da sarrafawa. Shiryayye rayuwar 'ya'yan itãcen marmari - har zuwa wata daya.
Volgograd mai taushi-fruited
Takaitaccen bayani
Uwargida Quince Pink Uwargida itace yar tsintsiya madaidaici, madaidaici da tsada. Crohn's yana da fadi. Itace mai ado tare da kyawawan furanni masu ruwan hoda masu kyau a cikin bazara da 'ya'yan itace masu shigo da launin shuɗi a cikin bazara.
Shuka tsakanin bishiyoyi masu duhu-da kuma bishiyoyin farin ciki suna tabbatar da kyawunsa.
lady's pink
Hybrid Quince Crimson & Zinariya - dasa har zuwa 1 mita high tare da kyawawan duhu furanni masu launin matsakaici da kuma duhu kore ganye.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kaɗan, zagaye, masu nauyin 40-80 tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara
Bambanta cikin juriya na sanyi. A cikin tsananin sanyi, dusar ƙanƙan da ke saman dusar ƙanƙara na iya daskarewa.
Ana amfani da shuka don kan iyakoki da sauran abubuwan haɗawa na ado.
Quince Crimson & Zinariya Bush
'Ya'yan itãcen wannan Quince masu launin shuɗi ne a cikakke da kamshi.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari daga Quince Crimson & Gwal
Dankin iri domin na yankuna daban-daban
Yankin Moscow. Don wannan yankin, shayarwa suna ba da shawarar nau'ikan waɗannan:
- Nutmeg;
- Nikitskaya;
- Arewa;
- Teplovskaya.
Duk waɗannan tsire-tsire suna tsayayya da sanyi da kuma yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi, wanda yake da mahimmanci musamman lokacin zabar shuka. Daga cikin waɗannan, farkon nau'ikan shine Nikitskaya, mafi ƙira ga yanayin shine Arewa. Muscat Quince isar da kai ne kuma yana da babban jure sanyi. 'Ya'yan itãcen Teplovskaya Quince ripen marigayi, amma ana adana na dogon lokaci.
Ukraine A cikin yankuna na Kudancin kasar suna da nau'ikan da suka bunkasa ta hanyar shayarwa daga Lambunan Botanical Nikitsky:
- Dalibin kwarai;
- Selena
- Duniya;
- Nasara
- Crimean m.
Don yankuna na arewacin Ukraine, ana amfani da nau'ikan da aka haɓaka a cikin Lambun na Botanical National:
- Mariya
- Shaydarova mai fasalin launi;
- Darunok Onuku;
- Ilimin boko;
- A'a 18 Kashchenko.
Yankin Rostov. M iri-iri, wanda ba ya daskarewa kwata-kwata, kuma sauran nau'in sanyi-mai-sanyi, varietiesan da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da ga nan nan:
- Kayan zaki
- Da yawa;
- Crimean;
- An fari;
- Dangi;
- Stepnyachka;
- Mataki mai kyau;
- Nasara.
Yankin Volgograd. A cikin yankin Volgograd, nau'ikan Quince suna girma:
- Volgograd mai taushi-fruited;
- Crimean aromatic - iri-iri na kai;
- Madalla, yana da tsawon rayuwar shiryayye;
- M, ba batun subcutaneous spotting na 'ya'yan itacen;
- Na gama kai;
- Krasnoslobodskaya - tsage, tare da manyan 'ya'yan itace, m da m;
- Teplovskaya - matsakaici-sized, tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kama da apples. Theunbin danshi yana da yawa, ƙanshi mai laushi, yana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin stony kusa da ainihin. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari za a iya adana su har tsawon watanni huɗu.
- Kaunchi-10;
- Ilmennaya;
- Rumo;
- Da sauri.
Siberiya A Siberiya, yana yiwuwa a yi girma cikin Jafananci, ko kuma asalin Haliman.
Jafananci Jafananci
Irin wannan nau'in Quince ya shahara sosai tsakanin mazauna bazara. Bushesasantarsa takatsantsan take kuma ba sa ɗaukar sararin samaniya mai yawa, kasancewa kyakkyawan kayan ado. Furanni masu haske suna ƙawata lambun
Fruitsan ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa na Jafananci suna da ɗanɗano mai tsami kuma suna da tauri, saboda haka ba su dace da amfani a kayan abinci masu inganci ba. Ana amfani da su azaman ɗanɗano don jam da bushe-bushe, waɗanda aka bushe don dalilai na likita.
Jafananci Quince seedlings masu tsayayya wa fari da kuma jure wa frosts a tsakiyar yankin na Rasha da kuma yankin Moscow. Za'a iya datsa rigakafin don ba kambi kyakkyawan bayyanar.
fure bushes na japanese Quince
Godiya ga haɓaka shayarwa, akwai arsan girma da yawa na ciyayi na yau da kullun masu jure sanyi da fari, kuma yana ci gaba zuwa arewa. Kuma girma Quince na Jafananci, ko genomeles, yana yiwuwa a kowane yanki yanzu .. Bayan ƙari ga kaddarorin kwalliyar kayan ado, wannan nau'in 'ya'yan itace yana da amfani. Kuma dukda cewa sun kasance karami kuma kusan basa da sauki a sabbin tsaran su saboda taurin kai, barrantattu daga cikinsu ana bambanta su da irin dandano da ƙanshin da suka saba da su, suna ɗauke da bitamin da ma'adinai da yawa. Yankakken 'ya'yan itace a cikin sukari za'a iya adanar shi har zuwa girbi na gaba.
