Yana da wuya a samo blackberries a cikin shirye-shiryenmu na sirri. Koyaya, yan lambu waɗanda suke son yin gwaji tare da nishaɗi suna girma da wannan Berry kuma suna matuƙar godiya da shi saboda dandano mai daɗin ci da abinci mai gina jiki. Blackberry lambun yana gwada dacewa tare da nau'in daji tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa da girman 'ya'yan itace. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa ɗayan nau'ikan ana kiran shi Giant.
Tarihin berryanƙwarar Gilashi
Blackberry mallakar kwayoyin halittar Rubus ne, wanda ya hada da nau'ikan halittu kusan 200. An dauki Amurka a matsayin mahaifarta. A wannan wuri ne cewa a cikin karni na 19 suka fara dasa baƙar fata don godiya ba kawai ga halayen ado na daji ba, sauƙi na kulawa, har ma ga dandano da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi na 'ya'yan itace. Sabbin iri da kuma hybrids da suka fi karfin yanayin canjin yanayin sanyi an busa su. Sabuwar al'adun da aka kawo daga kasashen waje a karni na 20 ya zama yaduwa a Turai. Na farko wanda a cikin Rasha ya jawo hankulan darajar blackberry shine I.V. Michurin. A sakamakon dogon aiki, ya samar da sabbin nau'ikan da suka dace da yanayin yanayinmu.
Yanzu a cikin duniya akwai wakilan al'adun gargajiya sama da 300.
Blackberry Giant ya shahara saboda manyan berries da juriya sanyi.
Bayanin
Blackberry Giant yana da daraja ga yawan amfanin da ba a taɓa gani ba - a lokacin kakar daji yana bada kimanin kilogram 30 na berries. Bugu da kari, yana da babban juriya na sanyi, yana jure dusar sanyi har zuwa -30 ° C ba tare da lalacewa ba, don haka za'a iya horar da shi ba kawai a Kudancin kasar ba, har ma a yankuna masu sanyin sanyi.
Giaƙƙarfan girma ya zama daji mai yaduwa na 1.5-2.5 m tare da tsayayyun harbe mai ƙarfi. A watan Yuni, manyan farin inflorescences sun bayyana akan mai tushe. Godiya ga marigayi fure, buds ba su lalace ta hanyar sanyi ba, wanda ke da tasiri mai amfani ga yawan aiki.
Blackarfin ƙarfi blackberry harbe Giant ya kafa daji har zuwa 2.5 m
Fruiting yana faruwa a shekara ta biyu. Yana daga watan Yuli zuwa karshen Satumba. 'Ya'yan itacen itace cikakkiyar ruan fari. Tsarin yana da elongated, conical. A farkon lokacin yin 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itacen 'ya'yan itacen blackberry kore ne, sannan mai launin ruwan kasa, sannan a sami launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. A cikin cikakkun berries, fata mai laushi ya zama launin shuɗi.
Blackberry Giant wani lokacin rikice ne tare da Turanci iri-iri Bedford giant. Babban bambanci tsakanin nau'in shine girman berries: a cikin Bedford sun kasance karami, masu nauyin 7 g, a cikin Giant - mafi girma, har zuwa 20 g.
Ruwan 'ya'yan itace ruwan' ya'yan itace duhu ja; dandano mai zaki ne, mai daɗi kuma mai daɗi, mai daɗi, tare da ƙanshin itacen ƙamshi na baƙi. Ana cinye 'ya'yan itacen sabo freshazenan sabo, mai sanyi, bushe, shirya jam, jam, jelly, compote, giya, an ƙara kayan zaki da kayan yaji
Blackberry babban ɗakin ajiya ne na bitamin, ma'adanai masu amfani, amfanin sa yana taimakawa matsin lamba, ƙarfafa rigakafi, haɓaka metabolism, da warkar da raunuka. Wannan Berry itace madadin halitta na asfirin, saboda haka an daɗe ana amfani dashi don rage zazzabi da sauƙaƙa sanyi.
Blackberry Giant - mai yawan 'ya'yan itace mai yawa, har zuwa kilogiram 30 na berries za'a iya tattarawa daga daji a kowace kakar
Daga cikin hasara na iri-iri, kawai rashin haƙuri ne ga ƙasa bushe an lura: rashin danshi barnatar da tasiri da yawa da ingancin berries. Wannan ya sa ya zama da wahala a samar da iri a wuraren bushewa.
Fasali
Domin yin liyafa akan blackberry a kowace shekara, ya kamata ku fara kula da 'ya'yan itacen kuma shuka iri daidai.
Lokacin da za'a dasa blackberry
Ana shuka bishiyoyi a bazara da kaka. Mafi kyawun lokaci shine farkon bazara, kafin farkon lokacin girma. Seedlings suna da lokaci don tushen da kyau a lokacin kuma samun ƙarfi don hunturu. Kuna iya dasa blackberry a ƙarshen kakar, kawai kuna buƙatar yin wannan makonni 2-3 kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, in ba haka ba kananan tsire-tsire zasu iya mutuwa. Autumn dasa shi ne fin so su gudanar a cikin kudancin yankunan. Seedlings a cikin kwantena za a iya dasa duk kakar.
Blackberry seedlings a cikin kwantena za a iya dasa a cikin kakar girma
Mafi kyawun wuri don ƙwanƙwasa
Blackberry Giant - photophilous shuka, fi son girma a cikin yankunan da warmed da rana ko a cikin haske m inuwa. Soilasa ba ta da bukatar buƙata ta musamman, amma ba ta dace da yumɓu masu nauyi da ciyawa ba, yanayin da ya fi dacewa shine loams tare da ɗan ɗanɗano acid.
A cikin yumɓu mai yumɓu, ya zama dole a kawo guga na peat da yashi (1 m2) A kan yashi da yashi na loam, blackberries na iya yin girma, amma zasu buƙaci gabatarwar manyan allurai na kwayoyin halitta a cikin ciyawa da ruwa. Yawancin itacen ƙawanan itace yawanci ana sanya shi a wuraren da aka kiyaye shi daga iska mai sanyi ta arewa - a gefen shinge, nesa ba kusa da ginin.
Zai fi kyau dasa shuki na blackberry tare da shinge don kare daga iska
Zabin seedlings
Gidajen lambun da wuraren kiwon dabbobi yanzu suna ba da babban tsari na 'ya'yan itace da aka dasa. A can za ku iya zaɓar ainihin waɗancan nau'ikan da aka zatan wa yanayin gida, sami mashawarci kan kulawa da tsirrai. Kwararru suna ba da shawarar samo ƙwayoyin shekaru 1-2 tare da ingantaccen tsarin tushen. An shekara ɗaya ya kamata ya sami tushe mai tsayi 5 mm 5mm kuma mai toho a kan asalin sa. Twoan shekaru biyu dole ne su sami aƙalla 3 babban tushen 15 cm tsawo da sashi na iska 40 cm tsayi.
Idan haushi ya jiƙe, naman kuma a ƙarƙashinsa ya yi launin ruwan kasa, hakan yana nuna cewa an daɗe ƙwayar ciyawar, ta riga ta bushe kuma da alama ba ta da tushe.
Yadda ake dasa blackberry
Yi amfani da daji ko nau'ikan layi na dasa baƙar fata. A cikin hanyar daji, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin rami na 45 cm zurfi kuma fadi a nesa na 1-1.3 m. Tare da hanyar layi, an tono rami mai zurfi 45 cm da nisa 50 cm, yana barin 2 m tsakanin layuka.Ya kamata a shirya ramuka daga arewa zuwa kudu. Kafin dasawa, ya kamata ku kuma shigar da tallafi: blackberry ke tsiro da sauri, harbe-fure mafi girma sun fi kwanciya akan tsarin tallafawa.
Don dasa shuki, an shirya gangamin daga kaka, don kaka - a makonni 2-3. Duniya ta haƙa, ta toshe, an cire ciyayi. Sanye da humus (1.5 kilogiram 1 1 m2), superphosphate (100 g), potassium sulfate (30 g) ko ash (100 g). A baya can, ana tsoma seedlings tsawon awa ɗaya a cikin mafita tare da Kornevin, wanda ke ƙarfafa tushen samuwar.
Mataki-mataki-saukowa tsari:
- A kasan ramin, ana zuba ƙasa mai gina jiki.
- Ana sa safwan tare da tushen shimfidar wuri sosai. Ana shuka tsire-tsire daga ganga tare da ƙasa.
Tushen ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ruwa yana buƙatar ingantashi sosai
- Yayyafa seedling domin haɓakar girma shine 3 cm ƙasa da matakin ƙasa.
- Tabbatar girgiza da shuka domin voids ba su samar, tamp kasar gona.
- A lokacin dasa shuki, ana yin gajeren harbe zuwa 35 cm.
- An kafa rami mai ruwa madaidaici kuma ana haɗa lita 5 na ruwa a can.
Bayan dasa, da seedling lafiya moistened
- Bayan mamaye danshi, ƙasa an cika shi da ciyawa, humus.
Matasan tsire-tsire a farkon kare daga hasken rana kai tsaye tare da agrofibre ko takarda. Bayan sati daya, an cire shading.
Bidiyo: yadda ake dasa blackberry a cikin mintuna 2
Fasahar aikin gona ta Blackberry
Wannan al'ada ba a sani ba, kawai wajibi ne don ruwa a kai a kai, ciyar, cire ciyayi da kuma wuce haddi harbe.
Watering da loosening
Blackberry na neman ruwa a kan ruwa, tana buƙatar ruwa da yawa don shuka harbe da kuma zuba berries. Don kula da matakin da yakamata na danshi, ana shayar da bramble sau ɗaya a mako tare da lita 10 na ruwa a kowane daji. Tsire-tsire suna buƙatar danshi sosai a lokacin haɓaka mai girma da samuwar 'ya'yan itace. A cikin fari tare da kasa isasshen ruwa, da berries zama ƙanana, fada a kashe. A watan Oktoba, ban ruwa na sauke filaye (20 l / daji) ya zama tilas.
Berriesan itacen oak musamman na buƙatar danshi yayin samin 'ya'yan itace
Waterlogging yana da lahani ga shuka: danshi, yaduwa a cikin ƙasa, zai iya haifar da ci gaban cututtuka da lalacewa, samuwar sabbin harbe zai ja har zuwa ƙarshen kaka, kuma hunturu mai ƙarfi na blackberry zai ragu.
A lokacin rani, kasar gona a karkashin bushes kuma a cikin titi dole ne a kwance da sako. Ciyawar ciyawa tana hana ci gaban harbe da rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. Tsakanin layuka, ana aiwatar da kwance zuwa zurfin 12 cm, kusa da bushes - a cikin farfajiya, ba zurfin 8 cm ba, don kada a lalata tushen sa. Irin wannan hanyar aikin gona ba wai kawai inganta haɓakar iska na ƙasa ba ne da kuma yaƙi ciyayi, har ma da halakar da kwari. Bayan an yi ruwa kuma an kwance shi, an cika shi da ciyawa, ciyawa.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Tataccen tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci ba kawai don ciyar da shuka tare da abubuwan gina jiki ba, har ma don kawar da cututtuka da kwari waɗanda ba makawa a yanayin yanayi mara kyau. A kan ƙasa mai cike da ruwa, na shekaru 2 na farko a cikin bazara, ana ciyar da blackberries kawai tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen (10 g na urea 5 l ). A kan kasa mara kyau, ana bada shawara don aiwatar da ciyar da ganye tare da Kemira Plus (20 g / 10 l).
Daidaitaccen ma'aunin hadi yana ba ku damar samun haɓakar yawan amfanin ƙasa har zuwa 30%.
A lokacin haihuwar 'ya'yan itace, shuka yana buƙatar potassium (30 g na potassium sulfate / 10 l a cikin adadin 6 l na bayani a kowace 1 m2) Ana iya maye gurbin takin mai ƙasa tare da ash (200 g / 1 m2) A karkashin digging na kaka, superphosphate (35 g / 1 m2), nitrofosku (30 g / 1 m2), potassium sulfate (30 g / 1 m2).
Agricola - hadaddun bitamin na amfanin gona na Berry
Hakanan ana amfani da kwayoyin halitta a shekara a matsayin riguna na sama: a watan Yuni, hanyoyin magance ruwa na mullein (1:10), busasshen kaji (1:20), humus yana warwatse a ƙarƙashin daji a cikin kaka.
Ana iya yanke hukuncin bayyanar tsirrai akan karancin abubuwan gina jiki. Rashin harbe, ƙananan 'ya'yan itace, yellowing na foliage nuna ƙarancin nitrogen, veins leaf sun juya launin rawaya, berries bushe fita - rashin ƙarfe, launin ruwan kasa a kan ruwan ƙwayar ganye - ƙarancin potassium, ganye ya juya ja, ta tsakiyar lokacin kaka - rashin magnesium.
Gyaran ganye na blackberry alama ce ta rashi magnesium
Shigarwa na tallafi
Yawancin lokaci, blackberries suna girma a kan trellis - garter na bushes yana ba ku damar kare wani ɓangaren amfanin gona daga hulɗa tare da ƙasa, yana samar da hasken rana da kuma ɗaukar kurmi na daji, ba tare da samar da yanayi don ci gaban naman gwari ba. Bugu da kari, da bushes dage farawa a kan trellis duba sosai na ado a lokacin furanni - sun ƙirƙira m kore magana, yi wa ado da manyan m furanni.
Blackberry a kan trellis yana ƙirƙirar carpet mai ƙarfi na fure wanda ke yin shinge
Bushirƙirar daji na Berry
A lokacin da samar da wata bishiyar daji, ya kamata a haifa da hankali cewa blackberry harbe suna da ci gaban shekaru biyu: a farkon shekarar da suka girma, sa buds, 'ya'yan itace ya mutu a cikin shekara ta biyu. Sabili da haka, a cikin kaka, an yanke rassan seedling, mara ƙarfi da lalacewa an cire su. An kafa daji na blackberry daga 8-10 karfi da lafiya harbe. Yawancin lokaci tsaya kan ƙirar fan. A cikin bazara, bayan cire tsari, an ɗora rassan zuwa trellis a cikin madaidaiciyar matsayi, an sanya harbe girma matasa a layi daya zuwa ƙasa. A cikin kaka, an cire daskararren juyi mai mahimmanci, yana barin youngaukacin matasa masu ƙarfi a kwance.
A cikin kaka, harbe blackberry harbe a ƙarƙashin tushe
Berriesan itacen baƙi suna ba da girma da yawa, suna sa daji ya yi kauri da farashi. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole lokacin da ƙarar baƙi ya girma zuwa 2 m kuma garter zuwa trellis, an yanke saman. Har zuwa kaka, rassan gefen 6-10 suna girma, wanda shekara mai zuwa za ta ba da goge na 3-5 kowane.
Gardenerswararrun lambu suna ba da shawara game da yanke harbe-harbe a kaikaice ta hanyar 3-5 a cikin kaka ko bayan hunturu don samun ƙananan goge, amma tare da manyan berries.
Ana shirya blackberry bushes na hunturu
Duk da juriya na sanyi, Blackberry Giant yana buƙatar samun shinge don hunturu. Bayan pruning, ban ruwa mai saukarwa da mulching tare da humus, rassan suna sintiri a cikin wani nau'in arcuate zuwa ƙasa kuma an rufe shi da agrofibre. Ba kamar wardi da innabi ba, wannan amfanin gona baya yin amai. A bu mai kyau a rufe matasa plantings daga sama tare da rassan spruce, kuma a cikin hunturu don rake dusar ƙanƙara zuwa bushes. A karkashin irin wannan bargo, blackberries ba su tsoron ko da tsananin sanyi.
Kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, blackberry bushes an rufe su da kayan da basu saka ba, a cikin hunturu suna dusar ƙanƙara
Bidiyo: blackberries masu girma
Kiwo
Berriesan itace suna yaduwa ta tsaba, keɓaɓɓen itace da yan itace.
- Tare da yaduwar iri, ana kiyaye gaba da haruffan halayyar. Kafin shuka, an shuka iri, sannan a shafe shi da yawa a wani bayani na Epin kuma an shuka shi a cikin gidan shinkafa. A cikin bude ƙasa sprouts ana shuka su ne tare da samuwar 4 ganye.
- Hanya mafi sauƙi na haihuwa tana tare da yadudduka apical. An binne saman da harbe a cikin tsagi kusa da daji, an saita shi da suturar kuma an shayar da shi. Yaron yana ɗaukan tushe a cikin wata guda, amma ya kamata a raba shi kuma a dasa shi a cikin bazara ta kakar mai zuwa.
Hanya mafi sauki don yada blackberries - yadudduka apical
- Lokacin da aka yada shi ta hanyar kore kore a tsakiyar bazara, ana yanke harbe cikin guda 10 cm tsayi kuma an dasa shi a cikin ƙananan kwantena tare da cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki, an shayar, an rufe shi da fim. Ana yin iska mai tsami a kai a kai kuma ana danshi. Bayan wata daya, an dasa tushen da ya kafe.
Cututtukan Blackberry tare da tushen ana dasa su a cikin dindindin
Kwaro da Cututtuka
Blackberry Giant yana da tsayayya wa yawancin cututtukan amfanin gona na Berry. Lokaci-lokaci a cikin damina lokacin damuna shine haɗarin cutar ta tashi. Matakan rigakafin zasu hana bayyanar kwari.
Tebur: Babbar cutar Blackberry
| Cutar | Kwayar cutar | Yin rigakafin | Jiyya |
| Haske mai tabo | Brown-m aibobi bayyana a kan harbe, da buds bushe fita, cikin ganyayyaki wither. A ci gaba da cutar fungal na taimaka wa thickening na daji da kuma high zafi. |
| Kafin fure, bi da cakuda Bordeaux 2%. |
| Anthracnose | Necrotic aibobi bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki da kuma mai tushe, 'ya'yan itãcen an wrinkled. Aukuwa na cutar taimaka wa dogon ruwa lokaci. Cutar na iya haifar da asarar amfanin gona mai yawa. | Cire ganye mai ganye. | A cikin bazara, fesa tare da Nitrafen (300 g / 10 l). |
| Grey rot | Spores naman kaza da sauri yada a cikin rigar weather. Outgrowths na launin toka launi akan harbe, 'ya'yan itaciyar sun fara lalacewa. |
|
|
Gaban Hoto na hoto: Cututtukan Blackberry
- M tabo yana shafar harbe da fure, fruitsa growan sun yi girma ƙanana da acidic
- Dogon ruwa yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar anthracnose
- A lokacin da shafawa launin toka rot, 'ya'yan itãcen fara rot
Tebur: Karin kwari mai haɗari
| Karin kwari | Bayyanai | Yin rigakafin | Matakan |
| Harbi aphid | Kwaro ya tsotse ruwan jujin, ya lalata su, wanda ke haifar da raguwar yawan aiki. | An yada Aphids a kan shafin tururuwa, sabili da haka, da farko, lura da waɗannan kwari tare da Anteater, Cypermetrin ya kamata a aiwatar. |
|
| Chafer | Kwaro ya ci ganye, larvae yana lalata tushen tsirrai. | Shake kashe kwari, kama ta amfani da tarkuna masu haske. | Bi da ƙasa tare da Anti-Murkushe a bazara (10 ml / 5 L). |
| Blackberry kaska | Kwaro, cin berries, yana gabatar da su a cikin abubuwan da ke hana ripening. Inganci da ɗanɗano na 'ya'yan itacen suna ta lalacewa, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa yana raguwa. | Bishiyoyi masu tsabta, shayarwa na yau da kullun da girki. |
|
Hoton Hoto: Karin kwari da ke Barazana berriesashirwa
- Harba aphid, daidaitawa a cikin ƙawanya, datse tsire-tsire
- Blackberry mite yana haifar da asarar 50% na amfanin gona
- Irin ƙwaro Chafer yana haifar da babbar illa ga tsirrai
Nasiha
Ina da giza, kuma yana da kyau sosai, saboda haka zan fara birgewa da safofin hannu na fata. Amma duk abin yana biya da girman da berries, yawan amfanin su da ɗanɗano wanda ba a iya misaltawa.
YURI CHERNOV//7dach.ru/sashka1955/ezhevika-gigant-silno-kolyuchaya-ili-net-100097.html
Ina son iri biyu: Ruben da Giant.Mun kasance muna da jinsuna da yawa a cikin ƙasar, koyaushe suna shuka shuka kuma suna gwada sabon nau'i. Mafi yawancin, dangi sun so waɗannan biyun. Akwai gyara, kuma an tattake su, don haka a lokacin bazara sun sake saya, suka dasa shi. Lokacin sayen, an gaya mana daga ina kuma wane tsawo zuwa ban kasa. Na yi farin ciki cewa wadannan nau'ikan suna da tsaurin sanyi, ba za su rasa lokacin hunturu ba.
Ivan78//www.12sotok.spb.ru/forum/thread9924.html
Daga cikin nau'ikan blackberries, Giant iri-iri ya fito fili. Babban berries tare da ɗanɗano kayan zaki zai faranta musu da ingancin su da yawa. Wani ƙari na iri-iri, musamman dacewa don lambu na Rasha, shine damar wannan blackberry don jure yanayin sanyi mai tsananin zafi.
