Kwanan nan, low, ko da dwarf, manyan nau'in albarkatu na amfanin gona sun zama cikin buƙatu mai girma. Wannan yana ba da dama da yawa - yana ba ku damar ɗaukar ciyayi, a ƙarshe ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa ta yanki ɗaya, yana sauƙaƙe kulawar itace, girbi da girbi. Daga cikin yawancin nau'ikan cherries da aka jera a cikin Rajistar Jiha na nasarorin da aka samu na Federationasar Rasha, riesan wasan Shokoladnitsa mai ƙananan havean kwanan nan sun zama sananne musamman. Baya ga ƙananan tsawo na itacen, iri-iri suna da fa'idodi da yawa idan aka kwatanta da wasu, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga rarraba shi a cikin lambunanmu.
Bayanin Chocolate Chocolate
An bambanta iri-iri a Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adun Rashawa ta Yanke Al'adu a cikin yankin Oryol kuma an bada shawarar amfani dashi a yankin tsakiyar Rasha. An saka yarinyar cakulan a cikin Rijistar ofwararrun Statewararrun Jiha a cikin 1996.
Dangane da rarrabuwar Turai, talakawa (ba ji, ƙare, yashi, kayan ado da Sakhalin) an kasafta cherries zuwa nau'i biyu:
- morel - iri tare da duhu ja, kusan baƙi 'ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin mataki na ripeness da canza launi ruwan' ya'yan itace;
- amoreli - ja iri tare da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mara launi.
Shokoladnitsa yana nufin morel. '' Iyayenta '' da suka fito daga ciki sune Black and Lyubskaya kayayyaki masu amfani. Wannan ceri ne na matsakaici. Shokoladnitsa ya fara fruita fruitan 5a 5an shekaru 5 bayan farkon girma na seedling shekara-shekara, kuma dasa 1.5-2 shekara seedling yana ba da girbi na shekara ta 3-4.
Fasali damar:
- ƙaramin tsayi - itaciyar ɗan adam cikakke ba ta wuce muni 2. Lokacin da aka dasa shuki a cikin manyan adadi, ana shuka su ne a cikin kewayon 2.5 a tsakanin kututtura da m 3.5 tsakanin layuka;
A lokacin da dasa shuki cherries Chocolate iri-iri lura da tazara daga 2.5 m tsakanin Trunks da 3.5 m tsakanin layuka
- m kambi - babban ƙara yana kasancewa a saman, saboda itaciyar tana ɗaukar sarari kaɗan, wanda ke sa yarinyar Chocolate ta dace a cikin kananan lambuna;
- babban kayan aiki - wanda ya dace da namo duka kan sikelin masana'antu da kuma kananan gonaki. Itace wadda aka saba da ita tana bada har zuwa kilogiram 15 na kyawawan berries;
- ɗayan nau'ikan cherries a cikin sanyi da fari - waɗannan halaye sune ɗayan manyan burin kiwo;
- berries masu kyau fiye da sauran nau'ikan cherries mai duhu - tara har zuwa 12% sukari da kimanin kashi 1.5% acid;
- Muhimmancin rayuwar bishiyar "a cikakkiyar ikonta" - kimanin shekaru 12. Rayuwar Kayan Cakulan Chocolate - har zuwa shekaru 17-20. Amma bayan shekaru 15, itaciyar tsufa ta rigaya ta fara raguwa da lura sosai;
- partially-m iri-iri - ba ya bukatar m giciye-pollination tare da maƙwabta cherries a lokacin fure.
Haihuwa da kanta na iri-iri na nuna cewa itace mai ɓoye zai bada 'ya'ya. Koyaya, yawancin lambu suna bayar da shawarar dasa Shokoladnitsa a cikin rukuni tare da wasu nau'ikan - tsohon nau'in Vladimirskaya (wanda aka fi sani da Vladimirka), Turgenevskaya, Lyubskaya da sauransu. An yi imani cewa pollen canjawa wuri daga iri zuwa iri a lokacin fure ta kwari inganta inganci da ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na rukuni na cherries na duk iri dake girma a nan kusa. Kuma a lokaci guda za a sami damar yin nazari da kuma samun fa'idodin ire-ire daban. Muhimmiyar ma'ana - lokacin dasa shuki iri daban-daban, kuna buƙatar sanin tsayin su kuma, idan ya cancanta, ƙara nisan da ke tsakanin kututturen jujjuyawa, saboda haka kar su tona asirin juna.
Amma ga kasawa daga iri-iri, a cikin sake dubawa, lambu suna kiran babbar hasara na Chocolate Girl damar zuwa cututtukan biyu - coccomycosis da moniliosis. Koyaya, bayanin iri-iri, wanda aka bayar ta Bayanin Kula da Ciwon Harkokin theasa na ,asar Rasha, yana nufin juriya game da coccomycosis. Tunda babu wani bayani game da sauran rashi, ana iya yanke hukuncin cewa rashin rigakafi ga moniliosis shine kawai kasala da dama. Yana da kyau isa sanin matakan kariya da kuma magance cutar don kawar da ita.
Moniliosis ya bayyana a Rasha da kuma kusa da ƙasashen waje kusa da kwanan nan: a cewar wasu kafofin, a ƙarshen 80s da farkon 90s. A wannan lokacin, lambuna sun fara wahala a Belarus, sannan a cikin ƙasarmu.
Sau da yawa, causative wakili na moniliosis ya shiga cikin ceri kara a lokacin pruning, ta sabo ne bude yanka
Sau da yawa kamuwa da cuta ya ratsa cikin akwati a lokacin da yake yin huda, ta hanyar yanke sabo. Sabili da haka, an haɗu da hanya tare da fesa kambi tare da ruwa na Bordeaux ko magungunan antifungal na musamman ko magungunan tabbatar da jama'a. Don aminci, ana maimaita wannan jiyya bayan an gama fure.
Spores hibernate a ƙarƙashin wata itaciya cikin faduwa mai ganye. Saboda haka, m na moniliosis ne rake da kuma ƙona duk auku ganye a kaka, yayyafa ƙasa da quicklime, Fluff lemun tsami da kuma cika sama da akwati ganga na hunturu tare da sabon ciyawa don rufe Tushen daga daskarewa. Kuma kuma ba shi yiwuwa barin barin 'ya'yan itatuwa bushe ko decayed akan bishiya - suna iya zama wuraren kiwon dabbobi da yawa kwari.
Kyakkyawan al'ada, ingantaccen haske, maras nauyi, itace mai ƙarfi ba tare da dattin mara nauyi a kambi yana da rigakafi mai ƙarfi kuma zai iya tsayayya da kowace cuta.
Dasa cakulan cherries
Lokacin saukarwa, dole ne ku bi wasu ƙa'idodi.
Zaɓin wurin zama
Yarinyar cakulan za ta ci gaba da kyau a cikin haske, ba wuri mai narkewa ba, zai fi dacewa ba tare da zane ba. Yana da inuwa kamar inuwa-mai haƙuri, amma a cikin inuwa mai ƙarfi bishiyar za ta yi girma a hankali, berries za ta yi ƙarami da acidic, kuma saboda dampness ba tare da rana ba, haɗarin cututtuka shine mafi girma.
Akwai wuraren da cherries ba zai iya girma cikin manufa ba saboda babban matakin ruwan karkashin kasa - kusa da 1.5 m daga farfajiya. Da zaran tushen bishiyar girma ya isa wannan zurfin, itaciyar ta mutu. Kuma wannan bazai faru ba nan da nan, amma 'yan shekaru bayan dasawa - a shekara ta 4-6, tushen zai iya isa zuwa zurfin 1.6 m.
Koaƙwalwar Shokoladnitsa zasu haɓaka da kyau a cikin wurin da aka haskaka tare da ƙaramin matakin ruwan ƙasa
Preparationasa shiri
Cherry wannan nau'o'in ba su da yawa a kan ingancin ƙasa, amma akwai matsayi guda biyu waɗanda dole ne a lura da su:
- tsaka tsaki ko ƙasan alkaline na ƙasa tare da pH na 7.0;
- kasar gona ta kasance sako-sako, ba ta iya numfashi kuma ba tare da ruwa mai tsafta ba.
A kan loamy, laka-free lãka loam, Tushen ceri zai shaƙa da rot. Don dasa a kan irin wannan ƙasa, ana buƙatar babban adadin aikin ƙasa:
- Ya kamata a shirya ramin saiti ba ta girman tushen tsarin seedling ba, amma sau da yawa ya fadi da zurfi. Tsarin tushe na bakin ciki na ceri is located at a zurfin 15 zuwa 70 cm (mafi girma shine a zurfin 20-40 cm). Tushen mai kauri, mai kama da itace yana iya zuwa zurfafan zurfi, amma ba kwa buƙatar shirya ƙasa a ƙarƙashinsu, za su iya haɓaka kowace iri. Ta hanyar, Tushen cherries na iya zama sau da yawa girman kambi, don haka a ƙarƙashin wani daji dole ku canza ƙasa a kan da'irar tare da diamita na akalla 3 m daga gangar jikin:
- zuwa zurfin 40-50 cm daga tsakiyar;
- zuwa zurfin 70 cm a tsakiya, a kan wurin sauka kai tsaye.
A kan kasa mai nauyi, rami mai saiti don cherries an shirya mafi girma cikin girma fiye da kwance
- Selectedasar da aka zaɓa dole ne a hade ta da ciyawar ƙasa, chernozem, humus, peat har sai ta zama isasshen sako-sako.
- Don haka, an mayar da ƙasar da ta shirya zuwa wuri kuma a ci gaba da saukowa kamar yadda aka saba.
Hanyar tana da wahala, saboda dasa shuki mai yawa na kututture ya fi kyau sami wani rukunin yanar gizon.
Zabin Seedling da dasa
Mafi yawan lokuta sukanyi amfani da tsofaffin 'yan shekara ɗaya da rabi zuwa 60-80 cm tsayi tare da ingantaccen tsarin tushen tushe (seedlings na wannan zamanin suna ɗaukar tushe sosai). Amma akwai kuma shawarwari don dasa shuki shekaru 2-3 don samun amfanin gona na farko da sauri don 1-2 shekaru. Ana aiwatar da saukowa a lokacin hutawa - a cikin fall a watan Oktoba ko a cikin bazara a farkon watan Afrilu. Ana yin sa kamar haka:
- Tona rami saukowa a cikin girman Tushen a cikin madaidaiciyar tsari. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ga 'yan shekaru 1.5 shi ne 40 cm a diamita da kusan 80 cm zurfi.
- Selectedasar da aka zaɓa daga ramin an haɗe shi da humus (kimanin lita 3 a kowace lita 10 na ƙasa) da itacen ash - 0.5 a kowace lita 10 na ƙasa.
- A tsakiyar suna tuƙa tuƙa.
Dole ne a ɗaure ƙwayar karamar cherry a kan gungume don kare ta daga iska mai ƙarfi
- Ana zuba ƙasa a cikin rami mai ƙwanƙwasa 15-20 cm mai tsayi.
- Ana saukar da sapling a kan ƙwanƙwasa, a hankali yana buɗe tushen sa. Dasa a daidai zurfin a abin da seedling girma a cikin gandun daji, wanda a bayyane yake a fili da launi da haushi. Amma tushe wuya bai kamata a jefa shi ba. Idan ya fi ƙasa ƙasa, sapling ɗinsa yana ɗagawa tare da zuba tuddai. Mafi kyawun tsayiwar tushen wuyan sama da ƙasa shine 3-5 cm.
Tushen ƙwayar mai ceri ya kamata ya zama 3-5 cm sama da ƙasa
- Tushen an kwarara shi da ƙasa mara nauyi don babu manyan iska a cikin jirgin sama.
- Hada ƙasa a kusa da akwati.
- Shayar a cikin kudi na 10 lita na ruwa da 1 ganga.
- An ɗaure ƙwayar itace a kan gungumen azaba tare da igiya ba ta da rauni ga haushi ko kuma tsirin nama mai taushi.
- Ciyawa tare da humus, peat, rigar sawdust ko ciyawa tare da yanke game da 5 cm.
Bayan dasa shuki da shayarwa, an dasa ciyawar tare da Layer na akalla 5 cm
Kulawar Cakulan
Carearin kulawa a farkon shekarar don seedling mai sauƙi ne:
- Wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa da'irar kusa-da-ƙazaminta ta tsarkaka daga ƙaya;
- in babu ruwan sama mai yawa a cikin ƙarshen Mayu - farkon watan Yuni, seedling ɗin zai buƙaci a shayar da lita 10-15 na ruwa. Gaba gaba lokacin bazara da kaka, ana iya buƙatar sha kawai idan akwai fari fari.
Mai jan tsami
A nan gaba, ceri Shokoladnitsa zai buƙaci pruning, wanda aka za'ayi a farkon farkon bazara kafin fara kwararar ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Dole ne a yanke cherry a hankali kuma daidai: wannan ba shine nau'in nau'ikan da ke girma zuwa 7 m kuma yana da kambi mai ƙarfi, inda ƙara ko debe reshe yana da ƙima. Ba za a iya daidaita shinge na cakulan kawai don kafawa da kambi ba. Iri da dalilai na trimming:
- sanitary - cire duk marasa lafiya, da karyayyen, rassan rassan. An sare tushen harbi a ƙasa - kawai yana raunana itacen;
- samar da cropping:
- idan rassan na yau da kullun sun yi girma - girma a cikin kambi, zuwa ƙasa, yana haɗin gwiwa, to, an cire su. An yanke reshen "a cikin zobe", wato, ba tare da hemp ba. An rufe wurin da aka yanke shi da kayan ado na lambun, saboda idan an yi ba da ɗan kwalin daidai, rami na iya zama a wurin da aka yanke akan lokaci, itacen zai lalace, ya kamu da rashin lafiya kuma yana iya mutuwa;
Yana da mahimmanci a yanke rassan ceri daidai saboda hankalin cutar ba ya haifar a wurin da aka yanke
- na bakin ciki fitar da kwarangwal kwarangwal domin a tsakiyansu akwai aƙalla 10-15 cm don kawar da lokacin fari. Itace ɗan adam yakamata ya kasance yana da manyan rassa na 10-15;
- idan rassan na yau da kullun sun yi girma - girma a cikin kambi, zuwa ƙasa, yana haɗin gwiwa, to, an cire su. An yanke reshen "a cikin zobe", wato, ba tare da hemp ba. An rufe wurin da aka yanke shi da kayan ado na lambun, saboda idan an yi ba da ɗan kwalin daidai, rami na iya zama a wurin da aka yanke akan lokaci, itacen zai lalace, ya kamu da rashin lafiya kuma yana iya mutuwa;
- anti-tsufa - da za'ayi idan ya girma itace ne danda - a ƙarshen da rassan babu ganye da kuma buds - kuma talauci fruiting. Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duk manyan rassan suna gajarta ta kimanin 1 m. A lokacin rani, matasa da yawa harbe zasu bayyana a shafin sashin.
Babban abin da kuke buƙatar sani shi ne ceri yana ba da 'ya'yan itatuwa kusan na musamman game da haɓakar matasa na shekarar da ta gabata. Wannan yanki ne mai tarin yawa ko kuma manyan rassa masu rassa. Kuma idan kun katse su duka, da babu amfanin girbi. Sabili da haka, ana yin babban girbi a cikin bazara domin ta da aiki girma na matasa harbe a lokacin rani, wanda zai ba da yalwa girbi na shekara mai zuwa.
Kuma a cikin bazara zaka iya yanke rassan fruiting a bara - wannan shekara babu girbi a kansu. An yanke ƙarshen ƙarshensu cikin da yawa buds, a cikin akwati ba abin taɓa maye gurbin harbe na bara, wanda zai ba da 'ya'ya a wannan shekara. Kuma a wurin yanke, da yawa harbe harbe na iya bayyana wanda zai ba da 'ya'ya ga shekara mai zuwa.
Cherry sosai kula da ba daidai ba da kuma karfi da pruning. Tana da ƙananan girma na shekara-shekara, kuma bayan kowace pruning ba ta murmure da sauri. Saboda haka, ka'idar “yana da kyau kada a datsa fiye da datse abin da suka wuce” ya dace a nan.
Nasiha
Yarinyar cakulan tana da kanta-da, wanda ƙari ne, ba shakka. Amma ɗanɗano cherries kansu bai zama cikakke ba, har ma da babban daskararre, IMHO, yana da saukin kamuwa da cutar sojan - coccomycosis da moniliosis. Na yi kokarin dasa shi, amma sapling (yana tare da ACS) bai fara ba, kuma ya sha wahala a lokacin bazara, ya mutu. Kharitonovskaya ya maye gurbinsa, wanda yake mai kyau kuma mafi tsayayya da cututtukan fungal.
ciyawa
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'Ya'yan itãcen suna da sanyi, amma muna samun kaɗan. Blackbirds suna cin komai. Dole a rufe grid din. Kuma kulawa kamar kowane ceri ne.
mitir na ruwa (s)
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Har yanzu ina da ƙaramin itace, a karo na farko da ta haifi 'ya'yan itace. Amma kusa da shi, da alama ba a lura da pollinator ba. Mafi kusa ita ce caccakar maƙwabcin, amma ba ta sanya ruwan ceri daidai. Don haka, ko dai mai daukar ciki ko saurayi na biyu kusa da Chocolate Girl yayi fure ba a lura dashi.
Starche-05
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Abincin cherries ya saba da kowa tun daga ƙuruciya, kuma lambunan Rasha ba za a iya musantawa ba tare da wannan itaciyar ba. Daga cikin nau'ikan da yawa, Shokoladnitsa yayi kama da zaɓin zaɓi wanda ya cancanci tare da juriya mai kyau da juriya na fari, da kuma ɗanɗano mafi kyau na berries tsakanin nau'ikan baƙi. Kadai ko cikin rukuni, wannan ire-iren, ba shakka, na iya zama babbar fa'ida ga masu shi.
