Apricot girma daga zuriya ne mafi resistant zuwa yanayin yanayi, kazalika da cututtuka da kwari. Wannan shine daya daga cikin dalilan karfafawa mai son jan hankali shiga cikin wannan aiki. Amma wani lokacin muhimmin mahimmanci shine sha'awar yin gwaji. Bayan haka, ba shi yiwuwa a hango ko hasashen ainihin abin da 'ya'yan itatuwa da apricot suka samu ta wannan hanyar.
Siffofin girma apricot daga dutse
Matsayi mafi wahala a cikin dasa bishiyar 'ya'yan itace daga kernel apricot shine a samu kuma a adana ƙaramin farkon tsiro. Amma da farko, kuna buƙatar zaɓa da kyau kuma shirya kayan dasa.
Dangane da kwarewar kaina, zan iya cewa apricot za a iya girma daga zuriya. Irin wannan itacen zai fara bada 'ya'ya a shekara ta 4. Amma a mafi yawan lokuta, apricot girma ba ya kiyaye kaddarorin mahaifiyar. Na yi girma itatuwa uku a gonar, duk sun bambanta, 'ya'yan itacen sun banbanta girmansu da dandano.
Zaɓin dasa kayan
Don dasawa, tsaba na farkon amfanin gona na itatuwan da aka zana sun fi dacewa. Idan baku da damar sayen 'ya'yan itaciyar gida, zaku iya siyan apricots a kasuwa.
Manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa sun fi dacewa da nau'ikan kudanci, kuma southernauransu na iya rayuwa a cikin yanayin sanyi.
Don dasa shuki ɗaukar 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Sa'an nan kuma an wanke, an gurbata shi cikin ingantaccen bayani na potassium permanganate kuma a bushe a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa.
Don dasa kana buƙatar tsaba na 'ya'yan itatuwa overripe
Matakan-mataki-mataki don shuka kashi
An dasa ƙasusuwa a tsakiyar kaka (kafin farkon sanyi) ko a watan Afrilu. Ba a bada shawarar dasa shuki na farko ba, kamar yadda 'ya'yan itacen marmari masu kyau suke da yawa ga kwari da yawa da zasu iya lalata kernels.
Algorithm na ayyuka:
- A ƙasa dole ne a shirya a gaba, mafi kyau zaɓi ne na farko saukowa na kore taki. Bayan tsaftacewa da tono, ƙasa zata kasance a shirye.
Siderata - tsire-tsire (alal misali, lentil, rapeseed, oats) sun girma saboda haɗuwarsu ta gaba zuwa cikin ƙasa don inganta tsarin ƙasa
- Kafin dasa shuki, busassun kernels da aka bushe suna soyayyen rana guda a ruwa, an ƙi waɗanda ke iyo.
Don sanin ko kasusuwa sun dace da dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar jiƙa su cikin ruwa - kada a yi amfani da pop-up
- An haƙa maɓuɓɓuga tare da zurfin 10-15 cm.
- Kusa da drupes ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar murhun ƙasa mai nutsuwa, don haka cakuda humus, ƙasa da bambaro (ko ciyawa) an shimfiɗa a ƙasan maɓuɓɓugar. Don kasa mai nauyi, ana iya ƙara yashi.
- Kasusuwa yakamata ya kasance a zurfin 5 cm, nisa tsakanin su yawanci 10 cm.
- Itacewar ya cika da cakuda guda.
- Daga bisa, an mulsar da ƙasa tare da ciyawa ko rassan Pine don hana daskarewa.
Autumn dasa yana da fa'ida: stratification na tsaba faruwa a vivo, a lokaci guda rauni sprouts ake ƙi. Amma ga yankuna da ke da yanayin sanyi da rashin daidaiton murfin dusar ƙanƙara, wannan hanyar ba ta dace ba.
Bidiyo: yadda ake dasa kernels apricot
Idan an shuka jinkirin shuka a cikin bazara, dole ne su sha wahala (jiyyar sanyi) kafin dasawa. Kafin wannan, ana adana drupes a cikin sanyi, wuri mai bushe a cikin jakar takarda. Ana iya yin gyaran ta hanyoyi daban-daban:
- Kwanaki 100 kafin dasa shuki, an sanya drupe a cikin kwandon busassun yashi kuma a sanya shi cikin firiji ko cikin ginin, zazzabi ya kamata 2-5game daC. Dole ne a wanke yashi, ba tare da kwayoyin halitta ba. Lokaci-lokaci, dole ne a bincika tsaba domin yashi bai bushe ba kuma ba ya narkewa. A ƙarshen daidaitawa, tsiron ya fara fara buɗewa ƙasusuwa. Idan wannan ya faru da wuri, yana da mahimmanci don rage haɓakar haɓakar su, don wannan ya zama dole don samar da ƙananan zafin jiki na yanayi (amma ba mummunan ba).
A ƙarshen daidaitawa, ƙasusuwa suna girma
- Kuna iya ɓoyewa cikin hanzari: cikin kwanaki 30. Kasusuwa suna cikin ruwa mai tsabta tsawon kwana 3. Don hana aikin ferment, ana canza ruwa kowane awa 24. An watsar da kasusuwa Drupes da aka shirya suna gauraye da yashi da firiji. Bayan kwanaki da yawa a cikin firiji, an sanya ƙasusuwa tare da filler a cikin injin daskarewa tare da zazzabi na -6game daC na tsawon awanni 1.5, sannan a jika shi da ruwan zafi (40-45game daC), bayan wannan an mayar da akwati tare da duwatsu zuwa firiji. Ya kamata kashi ya fashe, idan wannan bai faru ba, ana maimaita hanya tare da injin daskarewa.
Bidiyo: Tsarin Kashi
Shuka tsaba a cikin tukunya
Zaku iya dasa kwayayen apricot a cikin kaka, ba a ƙasa ba, amma a cikin tukunya. Da bazara za a yi karamin seedling.
Lingsalingsan itace za a iya girma a cikin tukunya, yana samar musu da haske da dumi
Amma yawancin lambu ba su maraba da wannan hanyar, tun da aka shuka shuka a cikin yanayin greenhouse ba shi da tsayayya da yanayin yanayi.
Apricot seedling girma a gida ne ƙasa yanayi-friendly fiye da takwaransa girma kai tsaye a cikin lambu
Algorithm:
- Kafin dasawa a cikin tukunya, dole kasusuwa su kasance. Idan sun kasance na wannan shekara, to, farkon soaking yana da mahimmanci kawai don kin amincewa.
- Don dasa shuki, zaku iya amfani da kowane ƙasa mai ma'ana, amma tabbatar da samar da ingantaccen magudanar ruwa, tunda apricot baya jure ruwa.
- Lokacin da tayi tayi, an sanya kashi a cikin kasa mai daushin zurfinta kuma zai rufe duniya.
- Don hanzarta germination, an sanya tukunya a wuri mai dumi kuma an rufe shi da filastik.
- Da zaran koren kore ya bayyana, za'a cire fim din.
Ya kamata a sanya Apricot a gefen rana. Za a iya sake shuka iri, wanda ya kai tsawon 30-40 cm, a cikin ƙasa mara buɗe.
30-centimita apricot seedling shirye don dasa a cikin ƙasa
Bidiyo: apricot da peach seedlings
Girma apricots bisa ga hanyar Zhelezov
Mashahurin ɗan Siberian mai son lambu V.K. Zhelezov ya kirkiro wata hanya don yin bishiyoyi masu girma a Siberiya. Ya mai da hankali sosai don aiki tare da apricots. A al'adar sa, Zhelezov ya bi wasu ka'idodi:
- ana samun mafi kyawun seedlings daga nau'ikan gida, don yanayin Siberiya, ya fi son Manchurian apricot;
Manchurian apricot yana da sanyi mai tsauri kuma mara misaltawa
- seedlings da aka samu ta hanyar dabi'a (tsaba suna kwance a ƙasa ba tare da wani murfin ba kuma don haka suna barin don hunturu) suna ba da ƙaramin adadin germination (ba fiye da 10%) ba, amma sakamakon zaɓi na halitta suna da babban juriya ga yanayin muhalli;
"Samosev" yana ba da mafi yawan tsire-tsire masu haƙuri
- don ƙarin amfani da kayan shuka, yana da kyau a aiwatar da ɓarnar wucin gadi, amma yana da kyau a shuka tsaba kai tsaye a wuri na dindindin;
- lokacin dasa shuki, an rufe tsaba da kasa sama da 1 cm, wannan yana hana lalata tushen wuyan seedling.
Dasawa wani Apricot Seedling
Don dasa seedling, an zaɓi wuri kuma an shirya a gaba don haka daga baya seedling baya buƙatar sake kafawa, saboda wannan zai ƙara lokacin jira don fruiting. Apricot an fi sanya shi a kudu, a rufe daga iska ta arewa da kuma shimfidar wuri, zai fi dacewa a kan karamin tudu kuma ba matsala a cikin ƙananan ƙasa. Nisa'a ga sauran bishiyoyi masu ba da 'ya'ya itace 3-4 m.
Ba a maraba da tsarin kusancin Berry bushes.
An shirya ramin 'yan kwanaki kafin a dasa, gabobinsa 70 70 70 × 70 cm. Ana yin matashin magudanar ruwa a ƙasa ta amfani da dutse mai ƙyalli ko ƙaramin bulo. Na gaba, zuba zubin da aka shirya, zaka iya amfani da abun da ke ciki:
- saman Layer na duniya - sassan 1.5;
- ganye humus - sassa 5;
- Mullein - 1 bangare;
- itace ash - 60 g;
- superphosphate - 50 g.
Ana zubo gonar lambu daga bisa. An dasa seedling don rufe tushen wuya. An shayar da matasa seedling sau tare da ruwan sanyi. Don kare shi daga rodents, yana da kyau a rufe watanni na farko tare da kwalban filastik.
Ya kamata ku mai da hankali ga bayyanar karamar seedling: idan ganyenta ya ƙage, ƙaramin laushi, yana da ƙananan ƙanƙara, to itacen gaba shine tsuntsu na daji tare da ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa kuma yana da kyau a yi amfani da irin wannan seedling a matsayin jari na nau'ikan da aka horar; idan ganyayyaki sunada yawa, to akwai yiwuwar ire-ire iri mai kyau.
Manyan kunkuntar ganyen duhu koren launi tare da kaifi notches - seedling sa alamu
Siffofin girma apricot daga tsaba a yankuna daban-daban
Kuna iya samun apricot daga zuriya a kusan dukkanin yankuna na ƙasar. Amma idan a cikin yankunan da ke da yanayin dumin dumin yanayi, kamar, misali, a Belarus, ɗaukar kayan dasawa ba shi da wahala, sannan ga yankuna na arewa kuna buƙatar amfani da 'ya'yan ofanyan nau'ikan musamman:
- Manchurian;
- Siberiyanci
- Siberian Baikalov;
- Gabas Siberian;
- Hasken Arewa
- Khabarovsk;
- Mountain Abakan;
- Kirovets.
Hakanan akwai wasu fasalolin fasahar aikin gona:
- dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, yi ɗan rami don shi - don haka ƙasa a kusa da tushen za ta yi zafi da sauri a cikin bazara;
- don haka pollination yana da sauri, ana yayyafa kambin bishiyoyi da ruwa mai daɗi, yana jawo kudan zuma;
- a cikin shirye-shiryen hunturu, an girka tarko a kusa da apricot, mulched tare da allura kuma a nannade gangar jikin tare da abu mai yawa.
Bidiyo: yadda ake shuka apricot a Siberiya
Yin amfani da wannan fasahar aikin gona iri ɗaya a cikin ƙananan wurare masu rauni (a tsakiyar layin, yanki na Moscow) zai taimaka kare bishiyoyin apricot daga abubuwan shakatawa na yanayi. Amma a cikin waɗannan yankuna, bazara ta zo da sauri, kuna buƙatar cire kayan sutura daga tushe a cikin lokaci, kuma ku tattake dusar ƙanƙara a kusa da akwati don hana tushen wuya daga warping. Don wannan manufa, a cikin fall, ɓangare na ɓangaren gangar jikin an bushe.
'Ya'yan itãcen Apricot suna jan hankali da dandano mai kyau da haɓakar bitamin da ma'adanai. Suna da kyau don aikin gida. Idan kafin apricot ya girma kawai a cikin yankuna na kudanci, yanzu ana iya samun shi a cikin lambuna na yawancin yankuna na Rasha. Tabbas, don samun itacen 'ya'yan itace a cikin yanayin yanayi, kuna buƙatar yin ƙoƙari da yawa, amma sakamakon yana da daraja.
