Lokacin bazara - kakar apricot don kula da cututtuka da kwari

Girma apricots mai narkewa a cikin lambun ku shine mafarin lambu da yawa. Wannan za'a iya hana shi ta cututtukan bishiyoyi da kwari. Wajibi ne a fara kare amfanin gonarku a farkon lokacin bazara.

Spring apricot lura da cututtuka

A cikin bazara, bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace suna fitowa daga yanayin yanayin hunturu, kuma tare da bishiyoyi, overwintered mycelium tada, spores na fungal cututtuka na' ya'yan itace amfanin gona. Apricot yana da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, ƙwayar cutar ƙwayar cuta, ƙwayar cuta mai narkewa da kuma wasu cututtukan da dama. Spores daga cikin wadannan fungi, a matsayin mai mulkin, zaune a cikin ƙasa, cin bazu shuka tarkace. Ta hanyar tushen lalacewa ko haushi da ƙananan ƙananan tushe, za su iya shiga tsarin sarrafa itace kuma su bazu ko'ina cikin itacen. Sakamakon clogging na hanyoyi na ruwan kwarara mai gudana tare da spores na fungal da guba da kyallen tsirrai tare da ƙwayoyin cuta mai guba, mahimmancin ayyukan tushen tsarin yana rushewa. Amma babban haɗari ga apricot shine moniliosis (ƙona monilial da launin toka na 'ya'yan itace) da kleasterosporiosis (tabar ganye holey).

Jiyya da kariya daga itace daga moniliosis

Burnonawa na gari yana halayyar bazara, lokacin da apricot ya fara fure. Ka ba da gudummawa ga farawa da yaduwar cutar ta ƙara zafi da ƙananan zafin jiki na iska. Itace Apricot a yankuna tare da halayyar halayyar, damuna mai sanyi, tare da tonon sililin damp na cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar moniliosis. Don shinge, matsanancin zafin iska shine rage shi zuwa -1.5^{game da}C. Kwayar kwayar ta shafi kwayar cuta ta moniliosis kuma ta mutu lokacin da zazzabi ya sauka zuwa -0.6^{game da}C.

Alamun wata shekara ta ƙonawa:

• furannin furanni sun zama duhu, sannan launin ruwan kasa. Peduncles bushe da bushe;
• ganye da matasa girma (galibi annuals) shima yana jujjuya launin ruwan kasa da bushe;
• a cikin tsofaffin bishiyoyi, haushi daga cikin akwati da rassan an rufe shi da fasa, daga abin da aka fitar da adadin cakulan.

A kan aiwatar da ci gaban cutar, naman gwari yana ɓoye gubobi waɗanda ke kashe ƙwayoyin apricot kuma suna ciyar da sassan tsoffin bishiyar da cutar ta shafa. Apricot tare da alamun moniliosis yana kama da ƙonewa, tare da bushe rassan da ganye.

Bidiyo: Watan Apricot kuna

Monilial (launin toka) rot 'ya'yan itatuwa na faruwa a lokacin rani, lokacin da' ya'yan itatuwa da aka saita suka fara girma kuma suka girma. Spores daga cikin naman gwari bayyana a kan 'ya'yan itãcen farko a cikin nau'i na mutum spots na haske launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa launi. Ba da daɗewa ba zasu haɗa zuwa ci gaba da launin ruwan kasa na mycelium. A tsakanin kwanaki 5-7, da apricots rot, bushe fitar da fada prematurely. Sau da yawa, 'ya'yan itaciyar da ke mummified suna kan rataye a jikin rassan har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Wadannan apricots da aka shafa sune yan dako na kamuwa da cuta ta bazara a lokacin bazara.

Hoton hoto: alamun matakai daban-daban na moniliosis

Bayyanar a cikin nau'i na ƙonewar monilial, cutar ba kawai ta shafi 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ba, har ma yana haifar da mummunar lalacewar sassan ganyayyaki na bishiyar apricot.

Kwarewata a cikin girma na apricots na tsawon shekaru 17 ya kai ni ga ƙarshe: idan saboda wasu dalilai ba ku ɗauki matakan da suka dace ba don lalata kamuwa da cuta a cikin rukunin yanar gizon, to a wasu shekaru zaku iya rasa zuwa 40-50% na amfanin gona. A lokaci guda, muhimmin sashi a cikin yaki da fungi ba wai kawai kulawa da bishiyoyi tare da fungicides ba, har ma da aiwatar da aikin rigakafin. Dokokin fasahar aikin gona, wanda ke haifar da kulawa koyaushe ga apricots, bai kamata a yi watsi da su ba. Waɗannan su ne zamani dace da kai miya bishiyoyi, sako sako, kaka digging na kasar gona, loosening da mulching na Trunks. La'akari da cewa fungal spores hunturu a cikin tarkace na shuka (harbe da abin ya shafa da ‘ya’yan itaciya) hunturu, a cikin damina, duk ganye ya faɗi, ya kamata a cire rassa a hankali kuma a ƙone shi, kuma a cire ragowar fruitan itacen da ke kan rassan. Duk wannan zai ba da damar bishiyoyi su kara rigakafi, da karfinsu na yin tsayayya da cututtukan fungal.

Tebur: matakai (hawan keke) na aiwatar da apricot daga wata cutar moniliosis

Cakuda tankin tanadin magunguna ne don dalilai daban-daban (maganin kwari, abubuwan kashe kuzari, da sauransu), gauraye a cikin tanki ɗaya don fesawa. Ana amfani dashi don kula da bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace daga cututtuka da kwari. Haɗin ruwan kwandon yana haɗuwa da hadaddun sakamako akan fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta ko kwari. Yin amfani da irin waɗannan waƙafin na iya rage yawan kowane tsarin daga kashi 50% kuma sami sakamako mafi inganci daga aiki saboda haɗakar kaddarorin abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin cakuda tank. Baya ga kariya daga cututtuka da kwari, cakuda tanki yana taimakawa hana cututtuka ta hanyar karfafa bishiyoyi masu yalwataccen haɓaka don haifar da mummunan tasirin.

Bidiyo: yaƙar moniliosis

Useswayoyin cuta da fungi waɗanda ke haifar da cututtukan tsire-tsire suna yin maye gurbi da haɓaka juriya (juriya) ga wani nau'in magani. Abubuwan da aka jera a cikin tebur ba'a bada shawarar don feshin abubuwa duka a lokaci guda. Dole ne a yi amfani da alternating a cikin girma lokacin apricot.

Jiyya na apricot daga klyasterosporioz (tsararren rami)

Kleasterosporiosis cuta ce ta fungal. Kamar moniliosis, zai iya kashe apricots idan ba a dauki matakan gaggawa ba don hana bishiyoyi masu lafiya ko don kula da bishiyoyi marasa lafiya. Cutar tana farawa a ƙarshen bazara da farkon lokacin bazara tare da duhu daga cikin 'ya'yan itacen da abin ya shafa da kuma ganye na ganye, wanda ya daina girma kuma baya yin fure. Sa'an nan naman gwari wuce zuwa cikin ganyayyaki da matasa harbe, sannu-sannu rufe dukan itacen:

• fasa yana fitowa akan tushe, rassa da harbe-harbe, juya zuwa raunuka da raunuka, daga abin da aka fito da danko;
• nunannun launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana akan ganyayyaki 2-5 mm a girma, wanda cikin sauri ya faɗi, yana samar da ramuka;
• tare da mummunan lalacewa, ganyayyaki sun faɗi da wuri;
• ƙananan aibobi masu launin shuɗi suna bayyana a saman 'ya'yan itacen, to, suna ƙaruwa kuma suna ɗaukar nau'ikan convex madaidaiciya launin ruwan kasa mai duhu;
• aibobi a hankali hade da juya cikin ci gaba da ɓawon ɓaƙar scab;
• A cikin raunukan da ke rufe 'ya'yan itacen, gum ɗin ma yana fita waje.

Hoton hoto: soyayyar apricot tare da kleasterosporiosis

Idan spores na monilia naman gwari fada cikin raunuka a kan yi kuka da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari apricot, itaciyar da alama iya samun monilial (launin toka) rot. Mafi sau da yawa, bishiyoyi sun raunana ta hanyar dalilai na waje, lalacewa ta hanyar kwari masu cutarwa, ko rashin dacewa don girma iri a wannan yankin suna shafar kleasterosporiosis.

Ci gaban cutar na taimaka wajan:

• zaɓin da ba daidai ba na wurin shuka iri (ƙasa, raɓa, tsayayyen ruwan ƙasa);
• waterlogged ƙasa mai nauyi a cikin yankin namo;
• yanayin yanayin rashin dacewa ga wannan nau'in apricot (lokacin sanyi da bazara, ruwan sama mai nauyi).

Bidiyo: kleasterosporiosis (rami rami) da magani

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don magance apricot daga wannan cutar ta fungal: fesawa tare da fungicides ko magani tare da kwayoyi masu ɗauke da jan ƙarfe. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da tsari na fungicides Skor, Topaz da Chorus: ko dai ta hanyar cakuda tanki cikin haɗuwa iri-iri, ko kowane magani daban. Jiyya tare da fungicides sun fi dacewa kuma suna da tasiri, tun da kyallen tsirrai ke ɗauke su a cikin awanni 2-3 bayan fesawa kuma ruwa bai wanke su ba da hazo. Don fesawa tare da sinadarai masu ɗauke da jan ƙarfe, ana amfani da cakuda Bordeaux 3-4% (300-400 g da 10 l na ruwa) ko kuma 1% sulfate jan karfe (100 g a 10 l na ruwa). A kowane bangare, ana yin 4-ninka magani na bishiyoyin da abin ya shafa da ƙasa a cikin da'irar akwati ana yin su:

1. Jiyya ta farko tana cikin lokaci na mazugi.
2. Na biyu jiyya yana cikin ruwan hoda lokaci.
3. Na uku jiyya - makonni biyu bayan na biyu (bayan apricot na fure).
4. Ana gudanar da jiyya ta huɗu kamar yadda ya cancanta (alal misali, idan tayi ruwa).

Wajibi ne a daina kula da bishiyoyi tare da magunguna ba a ƙarshen makonni 2-3 ba kafin girbi. A matsayin gwargwadon rigakafi ga clasterosporiosis, ya wajaba don yanke rassan da suka lalace, a hankali tattara da kuma ƙona dukkan tarkokin tsire-tsire (ganyayyaki mai bushe, 'ya'yan itatuwa) na bishiyoyi marasa lafiya. Ya kamata a kula da sinadarai tare da cakuda 1% na maganin sulfate (ko kuma 3% maganin baƙin ƙarfe) tare da lemun tsami. Ya kamata a tsabtace fasa kwandon da ya fito da itace don ƙoshin lafiya, a tsabtace shi da 1% jan karfe (100 g a lita 10 na ruwa), a bushe shi da kayan ado na lambun ko Rannet na ɗan lokaci.

Scab da hanyoyin magance ta

Scab ba ta da yawa kuma cuta ce mai haɗari ga apricots kamar moniliosis da klyasterosporiosis, amma yana ba yan lambu matsala da matsala. Alamar cutar ita ce bayyanar ganye a jikin ganyayyaki da fruitsa fruitsan kyanwa mai ruwan hoda-zaitun ko ruwan hoda-baki. Ganyayyaki a hankali bushe sama da fada a kashe, iri daya ne yake faruwa tare da ci gaban shekara-shekara cutar da cutar. Sannan naman gwari na canzawa zuwa furanni da ovaries. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun fara girma ba tare da wata matsala ba, raunuka da warts sun fito a saman su, suna birgima kuma sun rasa gabatarwa. Bayyanar scab sosai shafi apricot yawan amfanin ƙasa, 'ya'yan itace ingancin, da kuma taimaka wa rage a cikin hunturu hardiness bishiyoyi da juriya ga' ya'yan itace rot saboda rauni da muhimmanci.

'Ya'yan itacen' scab 'da aka shafa sun rasa gabatarwa da rage gudu a cikin ci gaba

Lokacin farko na cutar ana ganin ya zama ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu, lokacin da apricot blooms. A ƙarshen Mayu, alamun sakandare na cutar sun bayyana. Babban iska zazzabi ya fifita ci gaban spores (20-25)^{game da}C) yayin furanni da 'ya'yan itace, haka kuma yanayin zafi iska na ɗari, lokacin da samuwar mycelium a cikin rauni yakan faru ne tsakanin kwanaki 1-1.5. Idan kun dauki matakan da suka dace don aiwatar da apricot daga scab, to wannan cutar za'a iya guje masa. Fesa yana gudana ne a matakai uku:

1. Kafin apricot blooms (a cikin ruwan hoda lokaci).
2. Bayan fure (a cikin lokacin petals fadowa).
3. Wata daya bayan fure (a lokacin girma na ovaries da ripening daga cikin 'ya'yan itace).

Don magani daga scab, ana bada shawara don amfani da tsarin fungicides iri ɗaya (Chorus, Skor, Aktara) da shirye-shiryen da ke cike da jan ƙarfe amma don feshin bishiyoyi daga moniliosis, kuma a lokaci guda. Saboda haka, aiwatar da apricot daga moniliosis a lokaci guda yana kare shuka daga scab.

Bidiyo: scab apricot aiki

Don hana cutar ta Apricot scab, ya kamata ku bi ka'idodi masu sauƙi don kula da bishiyoyi:

• lalacewar timelyan ganyayyaki na lokaci da kuma shafawa harbe bayan tsabtace tsabta;
• a kai a kai sassauta akwati a cikin kaka kuma a huƙa ƙasa a faɗo;
• fesa itatuwa tare da shirye-shirye na fungicidal na zamani;
• girma bishiyoyi a kan madaidaicin hasken da ya fi dacewa da ƙasa, a bayyane, rana da kuma wuraren da ke da iska.

Apricot flowering jinkiri da kariya daga bazara dawo sanyi

Apricots sune ɗayan bishiyun 'ya'yan itace na farko. Babban lokacin fure yana cikin watan Mayu. Yana faruwa sau da yawa cewa a wannan lokacin akwai sanyi mai ƙarfi tare da raguwa da yawan zafin jiki a ƙasa 0^{game da}C. Koda karamin sanyi zuwa -2^{game da}C yana haifar da lalacewar shinge da zubar da yawansu.

Maganin wannan matsalar shine jinkirta farawar furewar apricot. A saboda wannan, wajibi ne don rage girman shekara-shekara na dasa harbe da kashi daya bisa uku ko rabi daga tsakiyar Mayu zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni (dangane da tsawon girma na farko). A sakamakon haka, sabon harbe tare da fure na fure na shekara mai zuwa zai fara girma daga sinus na ganye na ganye. A cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa, waɗannan buds zasu yi fure kwanaki 10-14 bayan manyan furanni. Idan a lokacin farkon fure kalaman kwatsam daskare faruwa kuma babban launi ya lalace, to, bayan makonni 2 da buds na biyu flowering kalaman zai Bloom. Don haka, amfanin gona kawai zai ɓace.

Hoton hoto: yayyafa shi da bishiyar apricot a matsayin wata hanya ta jinkirta fure

A lokacin kulawa da bazara na bishiyoyi na apricot, ana bada shawara don fesa su da maganin 0.3-0.6% (30-60 g a kowace l na ruwa) na maganin DNOC don jinkirta fure. Gudanar da kambi na itace tare da wannan shiri a farkon bazara ya ba da damar rage ci gaba da kuma nuna fure na fure don kwanaki 8-17. Ya kamata a yi yayyafa a farkon farkon farawar toho (kafin farawa daga lokacin "kore mazugi"). Don ƙara ƙarancin hunturu na fure na fure a lokacin bazara mai sanyi, ya wajaba don fesa rawanin apricot tare da cakuda urea (700 g) da kuma sulfate na jan karfe (50 g) da aka dil a cikin l 10 na ruwa a cikin kaka bayan lokacin girma (bayan faɗuwar ganye). Hakanan wannan magani yana ba ku damar jinkirta ciyawar bazara da fure har zuwa kwanaki 7-10 kuma ku guji daskarewa daga itatuwan furanni.

Yin Tushewar Itace Itace

Haushi na itacen apricot na iya lalacewa sakamakon canji mai ƙarfi a cikin zafin jiki yayin sanyin hunturu kwatsam (yakin sanyi) ko kuma idan itace ta shafi cututtukan fungal (cutuka). Ta hanyar lalacewar haushi, kamuwa da cuta sauƙin shiga cikin ƙwayar itace, wanda hakan zai kara cutar da ƙarancin shuka. A kowane hali, wurin lalacewa dole ne a sarrafa shi ba tare da faduwa ba kuma ƙirƙirar yanayi don rauni zai warkar.

Aka warkar da gumis apricot gum:

1. A cikin bazara, cakulan akan apricot ya kamata a tsabtace shi da wuka mai tsattsage wuka ga lafiyar nama.
2. Bi da tare da bayani na jan karfe sulfate (1 tbsp. L. Per 1 lita na ruwa). Bar rauni a bude don bushewa.
3. Kwana biyu daga baya, fesa cutar da karfi urea bayani (700 g da lita 10 na ruwa).
4. Don rufe tabo ciwon tare da cakuda mullein ruwa tare da yumbu (1: 1) ko tare da Rannet, ko tare da lambun var.

Idan ana yin magani a cikin bazara (wanda aka fi so), to, a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon kaka, rauni a kan apricot zai warke. Idan an kula da lalacewa a cikin faɗuwar rana, to gobe ya kamata ku fara buɗe akwati don hunturu.

Bidiyo: yadda ake mu'amala da tabar wiwi a kan apricot

Tsarin bazara na apricot daga kwari

Daga cikin kwari, lambun apricot da 'ya'yan itatuwa na iya lalata:

• ganye aphids
• asu codling
• malam buɗe ido
• ganye.

Amma ga lafiya, bishiyoyi masu hazaka, waɗannan kwari ba sa haifar da lahani. Kulawar bishiya mai zurfi, wanda ya ƙunshi rigakafin rigakafin yau da kullun na apricots tare da fungicides da kwari, lalata ciyawa, tsabtace lokaci na ganyayyaki da fararen bishi mai tushe don kare su daga kunar rana a jiki da kwari, suna ba da rigakafi ko babban juriya daga tsirrai zuwa cututtuka da kwari.

Tebur: Abubuwan kwari na itacen Apricot da sarrafawa

Shirya abin da ake kira cakuda tanki, misali daga HOM (0.4%) da Fufanon (0.1%). Wannan cakuda za'a iya yadu dashi tare da dukkan tsire-tsire da 'ya'yan itace. Irin wannan magani shine matakan kariya ga al'adu da yawa, kuma ga wasu yana birgewa. Treatmentaya daga cikin yanayin bazara na shuka ya maye gurbin 3-4 a lokacin bazara. A cikin bazara, kwaro na larvae hibernate daga qwai da yawa kuma manya da yawa suna zuwa farfajiya daga ƙasa. Spring spraying a kan hadadden kwari ba kawai rage lambobi, amma kuma ya hana bayyanar na gaba ƙarni na irin kwari kamar weevils, ganye beetles, sawflies, aphids, ticks.

T. Alexandrova, mai son kayan marmari

Mujallar Gudanar da Gidaje, mai lamba 3, Maris 2010

Iri da kwayoyi da hanyoyi don sarrafa bishiyoyi apricot

A halin yanzu, masu lambu suna da ikon yin ɗimbin shirye-shiryen zamani don kula da amfanin gona na kwari daga kwari da kwari da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Waɗannan sunadarai ne na gargajiya da aka yi amfani da su a cikin aikin gona (cakuda vitriol da Bordeaux), da kuma shirye-shiryen fungicidal da shirye-shiryen kwari na ka'idodin aiki daban-daban - daga lamba zuwa ƙirar halitta.

Tebur: manyan nau'ikan kwayoyi don rigakafi da sarrafa cututtuka da kwari na apricot

Bidiyo: yadda ake fesa lambun a bazara

Nasiha

A cikin lokacin furanni na itatuwan apricot suna fesa tare da maganin 0.1% na foundationazole (10 g da guga na ruwa). Idan a cikin 'yan shekarun nan itaciya a cikin lambun ku ta cutar moniliosis sosai, yana da kyau don fesa sau biyu - a farkon da tsakiyar fure. Ana yin sa a cikin rigar ruwa da ruwan sama. Kawai kawai ka tuna cewa bayan feshewa, busasshen yanayi ba tare da ruwan sama ba yakamata ya tsaya awanni 2-3, domin maganin yana da lokaci don jika cikin kyallen tsirrai da pistils na furanni.

Varava, yankin Kherson, Ukraine

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?page=57&t=4263

Zan gaya muku wanda ke da sha'awar yadda ya yi aiki a gonar tasa a cikin lokacin ƙarshe na mummunan yanayin: 1) Maris 7 - 3% Bordeaux cakuda (98 l na bayani akan bishiyoyi 43) 2) kwanaki 10 kafin fure (27 Maris) - Chorus (140 l na bayani akan 43 bishiyoyi) 3) kwanaki 2 kafin fure (5 ga Afrilu) - Chorus + Skor + Aktara (140 l na mafita don bishiyoyi 43) 4) ofarshen fure, 80% na launi ya zame (Afrilu 17) - Topaz + Skor + Actellik (140 l bayani a kan bishiyoyi 43) 5) Bayan sati daya (Afrilu 24) - Strobi + Topsin M + Enzhio (140 l na bayani akan bishiyoyi 43) 6) Bayan kwanaki 13 (7 ga Mayu) - Saurin + Sauyawa (140 l na bayani akan bishiyoyi 43). Aka sarrafa ta amfani da inzali. Ta yaya na ƙayyade lokacin kafin fure? Haka ne, kawai a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, na ɗauki hoto wani ɗan toho, na fara daga Maris 15 kowane mako, tunda ba ni da ɗan ƙwarewa - waɗannan hotunan ne suka taimaka mini in tantance ainihin lokacin fure a shekara mai zuwa. Wannan daidai ne - Na yi abin da ba daidai ba, ba na son yin jayayya kuma ban yi ba, amma lokacin da kowa a cikin ok ok a bara ya isa ya ci, na tattara kilo 692 a cikin jimina daga bishiyoyi 43 (Na sami ceto game da 30% na girbi).

Melitopol, Melitopol, Ukraine

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Don sarrafa moniliosis da kyau, kuna buƙatar yin jiyya 3 a kowane lokaci: - toho ruwan hoda; - fure-fure na furanni (mataki na "popcorn"); - taro na fure. Daga abin da kuke da shi, zaku iya ɗauka: - a cikin farkon kashi - Benomil ko Topsin-M (+ Folpan don rigakafin claustosporiosis); - a na biyu - Horus da Skor; - a na ukun - Kwarewar Luna; Kuma magani na huɗu, wanda aka ƙara yin abubuwa daga kleasterosporiosis a cikin lokacin farji ("shirts") fadowa daga haɓakar ƙwayar girma (faɗuwar shuck) - Strobi + Poliram.

Victor, Vinnitsa, Ukraine

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Bayan koyan yaudarar andan kwalliya da kamfani na bazarar sarrafa kayan gona na gonar apricot, da sanin mahimmancin wannan tsari, yana yiwuwa a yi girma biyun apricots da sauran albarkatun 'ya'yan itace dutse ba tare da wata wahala ba: cherries, plums, peaches. Babban abu shine kar a manta da feshin bishiyoyi cikin lokaci kuma yin aikin lambun ya zama dole don lokacin. Sannan dabbobinku za su yi muku kyakkyawan girbi.