Mene ne unabi da yadda ake shuka shi

Jujube jujube, wanda kuma aka sani da unabi, jujube da kwanan wata na kasar Sin, yana daya daga cikin manyan albarkatun gona a cikin yankin bushewar yankin. Dadi da lafiya 'ya'yan itãcen wannan tsire-tsire unpreentious ana amfani da abinci don ci da dalilai na likita. Wannan ciyawar mai jure yanayin fari tana tsiro sosai a yankuna na kudancin Rasha da Ukraine. Wasu lambu mai son yin ƙoƙari don haɓaka wannan shuka mai ban sha'awa a tsakiyar yankin na Rasha, amma tare da ci gaban unabi zuwa arewa akwai wasu matsalolin da ba za a iya shawo kansu koyaushe ba.

Kwanan Sin - shuka ne tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa magani

Unabi babban tsirrai ne ko karamin bishiya har tsayin mita takwas, tare da rawanin da ba a shimfidawa da saurin buɗewa saboda hunturu. Tsirrai na daji a jikin rassa suna da manyan sirara; a cikin siffofin al'adun gargajiya da yawa, wadannan dunkulallun ba su nan, wanda shine babban amfaninsu akan wasa. 'Ya'yan itãcen daji da na al'adu na jujube sun bambanta akasari a girman: daga giram 5 a cikin ƙananann dabbobin-fruan itace kaɗan zuwa 30-40 grams a mafi kyawun manyan fruan itace. Hakanan akwai wasu bambanci a cikin dandano na 'ya'yan itacen, kuma da yawa kamar wasan unabi. Dangane da kaddarorin likitanci, 'ya'yan itacen daji na al'adun gargajiya da unabi ana daukar su daidai.

Unabi, ko kuma jujube na yau da kullun, ana kuma saninta da jujube na ainihi, jujuba, jujube, chilon, ranar ja, kwanan Sin.

Kwanan Sinanci akan bidiyo

'Ya'yan itacen unabi ana amfani da su sosai a magungunan gargajiya na kasar Sin. A tsakiyar karni na karshe, an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a cikin sanatoriums na Crimea, wanda ya nuna cewa yawan cin 'ya'yan itace jujube sabo yana taimakawa rage karfin jini. Tun daga wannan lokacin, aikin narkar da wannan tsiro na 'ya'yan itace na gabas a cikin Crimea kuma yankuna masu kudu da amincin yanayi a Ukraine da Rasha sun fara.

Ya kamata a sani cewa 'ya'yan itaciyar unabi, kamar kowane tsire-tsire masu magani, ba su da magungunan sihiri na ban mamaki don duk rashin lafiya. Misali, makwabcina a cikin kasar, wanda ya rayu a Crimea shekaru da yawa, ya kasance mai matukar shakku game da wannan bisharar mu'ujiza, saboda da kanta ba zata iya magance matsalar cutar hawan jini ta amfani da unabi tsawon shekaru ba.

A cikin daji, unabi ya girma a Iran, Afghanistan, kasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya da Sin ta Yamma. Wannan yanki na Tsakiyar Asiya yana halin wani yanki mai sanyin yanayin ƙasa tare da lokacin zafi mai ɗimbin zafi da gajeru, amma yanayin sanyi mai sauƙi. A fannin bunkasar halittarta, unabi an noma ta tun a tarihi, kuma an kirkiri nau'ikan da yawa, wasunsu kuma sun fara girma a Turai da Amurka. Akwai kyawawan halaye don al'adun jujube a Arewacin Afirka, Kudancin Turai, Yammacin Asiya, yankuna masu bushewa na Indiya, da kuma cikin bushewar wasu jihohin Amurka, ciki har da Texas da California.

Saboda kamannin 'ya'yan itaciyar da aka bushe da kwanan wata, ana kiran unabi ranar kwanan wata ta Sin

Hanyar gargajiya na sarrafa 'ya'yan itatuwa unabi don adana dogon lokaci yana bushewa. 'Ya'yan itaciyar da ba ta bushe ba a bayyanar su sun yi kama da kwanan wata, saboda haka sunaye "kwanan wata na Sin" da "ja kwanan wata" - gwargwadon launi na wasu nau'ikan sanannun.

Unaby yana fara ciyayi sosai a latti, ya daɗe fiye da yawancin bishiyoyi da ciyayi. Saboda wannan marigayi farkawa, da yawa novice lambu ba da hankali uprooted gaba mai yiwuwa shuke-shuke, kuskure yanke shawara cewa bushes mutu a lokacin hunturu.

A shafina, bishiyar unabi ta fara daure bude ganye na farko kawai sai a tsakiyar watan Mayu, wasu 'yan makonni kadan daga dukkan tsire-tsire. Tabbas, a kan mummunan tashin hankali na bazarar kore, irin waɗannan mutane masu saurin tunani suna da matukar shakku. Idan daji ya yi girma, zaka iya murkushe shakku ta hanyar yanke twig sannan ka kalli katako: kataccen itacen ya bushe, baki ko launin ruwan kasa. Zai fi kyau kada a yanka karamin daji a banza, kawai a jira a kalla har tsakiyar Yuni.

A kowane hali, babu bukatar yin hanzari tare da tayar da hankali: koda kuwa ɓangaren da ke sama yana daskarewa, akwai begen bayyanar Tushen tushe.

Smallananan furanni unabi masu rawaya suna da muni

Jujube yana bushewa da wuri sosai, a cikin watan Yuni kawai, bayan an gama ƙarshen daskararren sanyi. Smallananan furanni masu launin rawaya suna da muguwar gaske kuma suna jan ƙudan zuma da yawa da sauran kwari masu lalata ƙwayoyin cuta. Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau, unabi yana buƙatar tsabtace tsabtacewa, saboda haka kuna buƙatar dasa nau'ikan tsire-tsire da yawa kusa, ko kuma wasu kabilu daban-daban. Fewan fruitsan Onlyan kawai suna daɗaɗɗa da aikin pollination, wanda yawancin su ba da daɗewa ba da daɗewa kafin farawa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari cikakke sun zama mai taushi, mai daɗi da m, ja ko launin ruwan kasa a launi.

Lokacin mafi kyawun ɗanɗano na 'ya'yan itace jujube ya dogara da iri-iri kuma kan abubuwan da aka zaɓa: wani ya fi son waɗanda suke da ƙarfi, wani ya fi son cin-nasara, waɗanda tuni sun fara bushewa kaɗan.

A lokacin da aka farfado, 'ya'yan itatuwa unabi sun sami launin ja ko launin ruwan kasa

A cikin yanayi mai kyau, bishiyar jujube tana da matukar ƙarfi. Akwai lambobin tsufa da yawan amfanin yau da kullun samfurori waɗanda suka kai shekara ɗari da haihuwa sanannu ne. A ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi na yau da kullun, amfanin 'ya'yan itace masu kyau suna faruwa kowace shekara. Unabi yana nufin amfanin gona na farko, furanni na farko da 'ya'yan itatuwa, tare da kulawa mai kyau, na iya bayyana a cikin shekaru biyu zuwa uku bayan dasa shuki. Yayinda bushes yayi girma, amfanin gona shima yana ƙaruwa. Daga babban itacen girma a cikin yanayi mai kyau, zaku iya samun kilo 50 na 'ya'yan itace. Sun penanta a ƙarshen, yawanci a watan Oktoba, a farkon iri - a ƙarshen Satumba. 'Ya'yan itacen lokacin zamani ne game da tsire-tsire na iya wuce har zuwa wata guda, a sakamakon tsawon furanni daidai. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari waɗanda aka girbe su ba su da kyau a ajiye, har ma a cikin firiji don ba su wuce mako guda ba, kuma kada ku tsayayya da sufurin nesa. Baya ga bushewar gargajiya, su ma sun dace da canning na gida, suna yin fruitan itacen stewed, jam, adana.

Unabi yana ba da ɗanɗano mai daɗi

Iri da nau'ikan unabi, da danginsa da takwarorinsu

Daga cikin nau'in jujube, mafi mashahuri shine jujube, ko unabi na kasar Sin (Ziziphus jujuba). A cikin ƙasashe masu zafi da ƙasashe masu tasowa, ana ba da ƙarin nau'ikan jinsunan biyu biyu na jujube don 'ya'yan itaciyar da ake cinyewa:

• itacen lotus (Ziziphus lotus);
• Moorish jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana).

Bambanci a cikin jinsunan jujube (tebur)

Duk waɗannan nau'ikan jujube guda uku a cikin wallafe-wallafen kasashen waje ana kiran su sau da yawa a ƙarƙashin sunan jujube, wanda wasu lokuta ke haifar da wasu rudani.

Don namo a Rasha da Ukraine, na kowane nau'in jujube, kawai jujube ya dace (talakawa Sinawa ko unabi) a matsayin mafi yawan shekarun hunturu.

Hakanan, Unabi yawanci rikice ne tare da wasu tsire-tsire guda biyu waɗanda basu da alaƙar Botanical tare da jujube: crest (Simmondsia na China) da Oriental sucker.

• Akwai rikice-rikicen ilimin harshe tare da johoba (unabi - jujube, jojoba - jojoba), wanda ke fitowa a kai a kai a cikin labaran ƙasashen waje da fassara, littattafai na kayan shuka, kuma musamman a tallata shirye-shiryen kwaskwarima da shirye-shiryen magunguna daban-daban. Jojoba wata itaciya ce da ba ta iya jure yanayin zafi.
• Tare da mai sucker na gabas, rikice-rikice ya taso saboda mummunan kamannin waje na fruitsa fruitsansa tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa unabi. Fanƙara ya fi sauƙin hunturu idan aka kwatanta da unabi, nau'ikan daji (ƙyallen ƙwararriyar) ya yi nasara cikin nasara ba tare da wani matsuguni a cikin gari da tsakiyar Volga ba.

Ko da a cikin sanannun buga kafofin watsa labaru, Na zo fadin buga haruffa daga masu karatu wanda suka samu nasarar girma sucker daga zuriyar 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, yayin da kasance cikakken m cewa suna da unabi girma. Amma kaddarorin magungunan 'ya'yan itatuwa har yanzu sun sha bamban.

Unabi, Jida da Jojoba: bambance-bambancensu (tebur)

Unaby, danginsa da ninki biyu (Hoton hoto)

Daga cikin manyan nau'ikan unabi da ke ƙasa a kan iyakar Rasha da Ukraine, ana amfani da Koktebel da Ta-yan-zao sosai.

• Koktebel shine sabon kayan lambu na Nikitsky Botanical Garden a Crimea. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na yin awo 30-35, sun yi makara. An jera nau'ikan cikin rajista na Jiha don Federationungiyar Rasha.
• Ta-yan-zao wani tsohon zaɓi ne na zaɓi na kasar Sin, wanda aka gabatar a farkon karni na ƙarshe daga China zuwa Amurka, daga can kuma zuwa Rasha. Har yanzu ya kasance ɗayan mafi kyawun iri. Dayawa daga farkon farfadowa, taro na 'ya'yan itace daga 18 zuwa 45 grams.

A wurare daban daban na wuraren kiwon lafiya masu zaman kansu, nau'ikan nau'ikan unabi Xi-ching, Acorn da dessert an ambata a takaice, amma ba a samun waɗannan matakan ko dai a cikin Rajistar Jiha ko kuma a cikin littattafai ba.

Babban nau'in unabi-fruited unabi (hoto gallery)

Fasali na jujube

Don dasa shuki unabi, kuna buƙatar zaɓar mafi yawan wuraren hasken rana. Wannan inji yana da hoto sosai, tare da wata 'yar alamar sha da shi ke tsiro da talauci da wuya yana ɗaukar' ya'yan itace. Jujube tana da tsananin fari-mai tsaurin zafi, tana tsayayya da zafin arba'in. A yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa + 15 ° C, girma ya kusa tsayawa, fure yana jinkiri.

Unabi bai yarda da ƙasan yumɓu masu nauyi ba, yawan acidity da ruwan ƙasa mai kusa. Amma wannan tsire-tsire marasa kwalliya suna tsiro da kyau akan ƙasa mara kyau, bushewar dutse, ana iya amfani dashi don ƙarfafa su.

Unabi yana girma a kullun kuma yana bada 'ya'ya kawai a cikakkiyar hasken rana

Unabi yana jin dadi a cikin bude ƙasa kudu da layin Kiev - Kharkov - Volgograd. A mafi yawan yankuna na arewacin, namowarsa ya zama matsala sosai kuma yana buƙatar dabarun musamman.

Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka Jujube farkon bazara (a kudu shi ne ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu). A cikin yankuna masu sanyin saukin m, yana halatta a shuka a farkon kaka (a kudu - ba daga baya ba farkon farkon Oktoba). Lokacin dasawa, nisan dake tsakanin seedlingsan yanan yakamata ya zama akalla mita 4 a farfajiyar Kiev, inda unabi ke tsiro ta wani daji kuma yana kwantar da kullun. A cikin yanki mai zurfi, inda yanayin yafi dacewa kuma unabi ya girma kamar itace, ya fi dacewa a bar 5 ko ma 6 mita tsakanin tsirrai.

A cikin yanayi mai kyau na yanayin ƙasa, unabi yana girma kamar ƙaramin itace kuma yana rayuwa sama da shekaru ɗari

Lokacin zabar tsire-tsire, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa tushen su da rassa suna da rai, ba bushe bane kuma ba lalatacce. Zai fi kyau siyan tsire-tsire da aka girma a yankin ku. Dasa kayan da aka shigo da su daga wasu yankuna na kudanci yanada karancin yanayin hunturu.

Mataki-mataki-saukowa tsari:

1. Tono rami kusan rabin mita zurfi da fadi.
2. A kasan ramin, zuba tudun ƙasa ya haɗe tare da guga na takin da-rotted.
3. Sanya sapling a kan ƙwanƙwasa, a hankali baza tushen. Unabi baya buƙatar zurfafa musamman yayin dasa shuki; tushen ƙasan seedling ya zama kusan a matakin ƙasa.
4. A hankali cika ramin da ƙasa.
5. A hankali zuba kowace seedling tare da guga na ruwa daga watering iya tare da bututun ƙarfe, ba tare da eroding kasar gona.

Ba a amfani da takin mai daɗaɗan ma'adinan da ma'adinai lokacin dasa, don kada su ƙone asalinsu.

Kula da jujube a kudancin Rasha da Ukraine

Unabi yana jure yanayin zafi da fari da kyau, zai iya yin girma ba tare da yin ruwa ba, har ma a cikin busasshen ƙwayoyin bushewar Transcaucasia. Amma tare da ban ruwa, amfanin 'ya'yan itace zai zama mafi girma, kuma ci gaba da haɓaka ƙananan tsire-tsire zasuyi sauri. A cikin yanayin zafi da bushewa na Crimea, yankuna na Kudancin Rasha da Kudancin Ukraine, ya isa ruwa sau ɗaya a wata, tare da kowace ruwa, soaking ƙasa zuwa zurfin akalla santimita 80. A cikin cikakken rashi na ruwa, Tushen ya yi zurfi, har zuwa mita biyu ko fiye.

A cikin yankuna maras kyau, wadataccen kayan aikin gona zai kasance mafi girma tare da ban ruwa

Ana shayar da tsire-tsire na farkon shekara ta dasa sau da yawa, a cikin matsanancin zafi da fari - awannin mako 2 na ruwa kowane daji.

A cikin yanayin yanayi mai laima (Yankin Yammacin Ukraine, wani yanki na yankin Krasnodar na Rasha), an rage ruwan ban ruwa na kananan tsire-tsire, kuma samfuran manya ba sa buƙatar shayar kwata-kwata, sai dai a lokuta na matsanancin fari.

Jujube yayi girma sosai a hankali, kuma a karamin shekaru yana iya wahala sosai daga ciyayi, musamman rhizomes perennial. Don sauƙaƙe kiyayewa da adana danshi, ana iya mulkar ƙasa tare da kowane kayan abu (bambaro, sawdust, kwakwalwan katako) ko agrofibre na musamman.

Mulching yana riƙe da danshi a cikin ƙasa kuma yana hana ci gaban sako

Kowace shekara, a cikin bazara, a kan tsire-tsire na unabi, ana amfani da takin mai magani a kowane murabba'in mita:

• Kilogiram 2 na humus;
• 18-20 grams na superphosphate;
• 8-10 grams na potassium gishiri;
• 12-16 grams na ammonium nitrate.

Da takin mai magani suna yaduwa gaba ɗayan yankin a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire kuma an haɗa su cikin ƙasa.

Hutun hunturu

A cikin yankin na ci gaban halitta na Asiya ta Tsakiya, jujube zai iya tsayayya da ɗanɗanar lokacin-sanyi har zuwa -25 ... -30 ° C. Unabi kuma yana da juriya mai tsananin sanyi sosai a yankin da ke cikin Crimea da Transcaucasia, inda yake da isasshen lokacin zafi mai ɗorewa don harbe harbe. Motsawa zuwa arewa, inda lokacin bazara yayi gajere kuma yanayin zafi yayi ƙasa, jujube bashi da isasshen zafi lokacin bazara don cikakken ci gaba, kuma yanayin damina yana raguwa sosai. Ko da a cikin Kiev, daskarewa na tsire-tsire an riga an lura da su, a cikin lokacin zafi mai zafi kawai fiɗa na rassan matasa suna wahala, a cikin mafi tsananin sanyi da bushes daskarewa ga tushen wuya, amma ana mayar da su a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. A cikin yankuna tare da injin mai laushi da murfin daskararren dusar ƙanƙara, ana iya samun damar ajiye wasu tsire-tsire wani lokacin, tare da farawa lokacin sanyi na farko, yana karkatar da su zuwa ƙasa don lokacin sanyi. Dogon tsire-tsire masu lanƙwasa ya kamata a gyara su sosai tare da ƙugiyoyi ko guga man tare da allon. Ba lallai ba ne don kunsa shi da ƙarfi - unabi bai yarda da wuce gona da iri ba, kuma a cikin dogon narkewa da aka mamaye bushes yana haɗarin haɗarin mutuwa saboda tsufa.

Yadda ake girma unabi a tsakiyar Rasha

Yan lambu na Amateur daga Yankin Moscow da yankuna na kusanci sau da yawa suna ƙoƙarin dasa unabi, amma bayan shekaru da yawa na rayuwa, waɗannan tsire-tsire yawanci suna mutuwa a cikin hunturu mai zuwa. Babban matsalar anan ba kawai yanayin zafi na hunturu bane, har ma da ƙarancin lokacin bazara, wanda baya bada izinin tsire-tsire su shirya kullun don hunturu.

A shafina a yankin Tsakiyar Volga ta Tsakiya, gungun unabi uku unabi da aka kawo daga kudu sun sami nasarar tsira lokacin farko da na biyu. Bayan hunturu na uku, daji daya kacal ya farka. Lokacin sanyi na gaba shima ya kashe shi.

Ofayan ingantacciyar mafita ga wannan matsala ita ce dasa unabi a cikin wani gidan da ba a taɓa girka shi ba wanda aka haɗe da bangon kudancin gidan mai zafi. Bugu da ƙari, don cin nasara lokacin hunturu na jujube, yana da mahimmanci ba kawai kasancewar glazing (gilashin kore ba mai cike da iska "a cikin filin buɗe ido" ba zai isa ba a cikin tsananin sanyi), amma kuma kasancewar bango mai dumi na gidan, wanda duka shine tushen ƙarin zafin wuta da ingantacciyar kariya daga iska mai ƙarfi ta arewa.

Saukowa a cikin greenhouse da aka haɗe zuwa bangon kudu na gidan zai dogara kare unabi daga lokacin sanyi

Wata hanyar warware matsalar hunturu ita ce abinda ake kira al'adun gargajiyar. An ƙirƙira wannan hanyar ingantacciyar hanyar kuma an sami nasarar gwada ta a cikin lokutan Soviet, kuma ba da daɗewa ba an manta da ita saboda ƙaruwa mai wahala. Asalin hanyar shine kamar haka:

• Don dasa shuki, an tono ramin babban birnin tare da zurfin zurfin santimita 70-100 da faɗin kusan mita ɗaya da rabi.
• Ganuwar maɓuɓɓugan suna da ma'amala ko kuma an ɗora su da tubalin.
• A kasan ramin, an haƙa rami rami, cike da ƙasa mai dausayi, ana kuma dasa shuki.
• A lokacin rani, tsire-tsire suna haɓaka a cikin maɓallin buɗewa, kamar yadda a cikin yanayin ƙasa yake buɗewa.
• A ƙarshen kaka, bayan kammala ganye fall da kuma ƙarshe na ƙarshe na haske korau yanayin zafi, tare mahara an rufe shi daga allunan ko Slate, sannan kuma tare da filastik fim. Za ka iya bugu da insuari yana saman a saman tare da Layer na duniya ko Pine conifer.
• Bayan dusar ƙanƙara, ana jefa kora mai shinge daga sama ta hanyar yanki mai dusar ƙanƙara da aka karɓa daga wuraren da ba a shuka (hanyoyi, hanyoyi, filin ajiye motoci).
• A yayin da za'a iya ɗora lokacin dumama hunturu zuwa da yanayin zafi, yakamata a buɗe ƙaramin daga ƙarshen ƙarshen don samun iska don kare tsire-tsire daga barazanar dumama.
• A lokacin bazara bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, an cire babban masarufi, kuma an rufe maɓuɓɓugar da filastik don kare ta daga dawowar dusar ƙanƙara.
• Bayan ƙarshen lokacin sanyi, an cire polyethylene, kuma duk lokacin rani tsire-tsire suna girma a cikin maɓallin buɗewa har zuwa ƙarshen kaka.

Al'adar tare mahara ce ingantacciya amma hanyace mai kwazo sosai don kare jujube daga hunturu

Unabi pruning don yankuna daban daban na girma

Tsabtace tsabtace (cire bushe da rassan lalacewa) ya zama dole a kowane yanki kuma ana aiwatar da shi a duk lokacin dumin. Ana yin huda ne lokacin bazara kuma ya dogara da yankin girma.

A cikin yanki mai ban tsoro, inda unabi ke tsiro tare da itace kuma ba ya daskarewa, don mafi kyawun ɗaukar kambi tare da rana da kuma dacewar girbi, ana kafa tsire-tsire a cikin siffar kwano ko gilashin fure. Don wannan samuwar, an bar rassan kwarangwal guda huɗu a cikin tsire-tsire matasa, suna girma a ko'ina cikin da'irar, kuma an yanke shugabar tsakiya. Bayan haka, tare da girke girke na shekara-shekara, duk rassan da suke girma a tsakiyar kambi an cire su ko a gajarta su.

Kambi mai siffar kayan ado yana ba da mafi kyawun haske kuma ya dace don ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace.

A cikin mafi yankuna yankuna na arewa, unabi a kai a kai yana daskarewa gwargwadon matsayin dusar ƙanƙara, wani lokacin ma har zuwa wuyan tushe, tsirrai suna samin yanayi mai kyau. Babban forming pruning anan shine thinning kambi domin kada wani matsanancin damshi ya wuce kima. Inda bushes ya lanƙwasa ƙasa don hunturu don hunturu a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, rassan suna buƙatar sabunta su ta hanyar da ta dace domin su kasance masu iya sauƙin yanayi. An datse mafi tsofaffin rassa ƙarƙashin tushe, kuma a maimakonsu onesarayi suna girma.

Unabi yaduwa

Unabi za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, tushen harbe, layering, tushen tushe. Babu ko kore ko lignified tushe cuttings na wannan shuka a karkashin al'ada yanayi kusan taba kai tushe, har ma da yin amfani da tushen kara kuzari. Ana samun nau'ikan nau'ikan unabi mai darajar ƙwararrun unaabian da ke yaduwa ta hanyar grafting tare da itace ko budding, ta yin amfani da seedlings na ƙananan tsiran ƙananan-fruited na jujube a matsayin jari.

Hadaddun yaduwar wannan amfanin gona shine ɗayan manyan dalilan da ke hana yaduwar irin wannan fruitan itace mai mahimmanci a cikin aikin lambu na mai son.

Tsarin iri

'Ya'yan tsaba ne kawai daga cikakkun enedan' ya'yan itace na siffofin -an itace kaɗan da suka dace da shuka. Tsaba daga manyan nau'in lambun da ke da frua havean itace suna da ƙwayar cuta, saboda haka kusan basu taɓa shuka ba. A ƙarshen kaka (ƙarshen Oktoba ko Nuwamba), ana shuka iri daga thean itacen nan da nan zuwa wurin dindindin, an saka shi a zurfin santimita 3-4. A cikin hunturu, zaku iya dumama amfanin gona tare da rassan spruce coniferous, wanda dole ne a cire shi a cikin bazara nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke. Don hanzarta fitowar seedlings a cikin bazara, zaku iya rufe shuka shuka tare da agrofibre translucent ko fim ɗin filastik amintacce. Idan kwatsam 'ya'yan itacen sun yi kauri sosai, dole ne a fitar da su ta yadda akalla santimita 20 ya kasance tsakanin tsirrai. A cikin yanayin zafi, bushe, seedlings suna buƙatar shayar da sau ɗaya a mako tare da guga na ruwa a kowace murabba'in mita. Soilasa a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire ya kamata a tsabtace ta daga ciyawa. Mulching tare da kowane abu a kusa yana da kyawawa. Noma kai tsaye lokacin da shuka nan da nan zuwa wurin dindindin yana ba ku damar samun tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi tare da tsarin tushen zurfi wanda zai iya tsayayya da fari fari kuma sun fi tsayayya da sanyi.

Sau da yawa na yi ƙoƙarin shuka iri daga 'ya'yan itacen unabi da aka kawo daga kudu kafin hunturu. Ba a taɓa samun seedlingsa seedlingsan seedlings ba.

Yaduwa da tushen harbe

Jujube, musamman ma kananan siffofin bishiyoyi masu girma-bishiyoyi, galibi yakan samar da tushe mai yawa, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi cikin nasara. A farkon bazara ko a farkon rabin kaka, kawai kuna buƙatar bincika youngan matasa youngan daga tsire-tsire da kuke so da kuma watsa su zuwa wani wuri, ba mantawa zuwa ruwa. Wannan hanyar rashin yaduwar unabi ita ce mafi sauki kuma tabbatacciya, amma mai yuwuwa ne kawai idan tsiron ya girma tare da ingancin 'ya'yan itace mai gamsarwa ya kusa isa.

Yaduwa daga tushen harbe shine mafi sauki hanyar samun seedlings ba

Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa

Unabi yana da sauƙin sauƙaƙe ta hanyar dasa tushen bayanai. A farkon bazara, ƙananan rassan daji suna sintiri a ƙasa kuma an ɗaure su da ƙarfi, an kafa ɓangaren kafaffen yayyafa tare da ƙasa, kuma an fitar da saman reshe wanda aka haƙa, yana ba shi a tsaye, idan ya yiwu. A lokacin rani, yakamata a kiyaye ƙasa a ƙasa, taushi kuma ta tsarkaka daga ciyawa. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, yankuna suna da tushe a lokacin bazara, kuma a cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa, zaku iya yanke reshe mahaifiyar kuma canza sakamakon seedlings zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa. Ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya samun tushen tsiro mai mahimmanci iri-iri, koda kuwa adon kwayar na asali an liƙa shi akan hannun jari.

Unabi za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar saka filayen - ta hanyar dasa rassan da suka haƙa

Yaduwa da tushen cuttings

Idan babu isasshen harbe harbe a cikin tushen tsirrai, ana iya amfani da tushen tushen don yaduwa:

1. A farkon bazara, a hankali ɗaga sama kasar kusa da daji, digging fitar da kwance tushe game da santimita 1 kauri. Wannan hanyar tana da rauni ga tsire-tsire na mahaifa, don haka bai kamata ku zama masu haɗama da lalata abubuwa da yawa a lokaci daya ba!
2. Daga tushen da aka zaɓa, yanke iri da yawa tare da tsawon game da santimita 15 kowane.
3. Sakamakon cuttings ya kamata a dasa a kwance ko tare da ɗan gangara a kan gado da aka riga aka shirya tare da m, ƙasa mai kwance. Nisan dake tsakanin gefan shine santimita 10-15, zurfin dasa yakai kusan santimita 5.
4. A gado tare da cuttings a lokacin kakar don kiyaye m, sako-sako da tsabta daga weeds.
5. Ba da da ewa bayan dasa daga farauta buds, matasa harbe zai bayyana a kan tushen cuttings.
6. Buga mai zuwa, seedlings suna shirye don dasawa zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.

Unabi za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar tushen tushe

Grafting by graft da budding

Duk nau'in alurar riga kafi - wani aiki na ɗan gogaggen lambu. Anan, kwarewar maigidan, ingancin kayan aiki mai zurfi, kwanciyar hankali da tsabta na yanke, daidaituwa ta hada scion da stock, ingancin maɓallin, yanayin yanayi da yanayin tsirrai na asali suna taka rawar gani.

Encedwararrun masanyan fasahar suna bada shawarar farko da fara amfani da tsintsiyar willow kafin su magance tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci.

Ana amfani da nau'in ƙaramin Wildan itace na jujube daga tsire-tsire ko kuma tushen tushe ana amfani da shi azaman stock don manyan nau'in gonar unabi-fruited. Tushen tushen dole ne su kasance lafiya kuma suna da tushe. A matsayin scion da suka dauki cuttings yanke daga matasa lafiya harbe daga amfanin gona shuka na ake so iri.

Alurar riga kafi tare da cuttings mafi yawa ana za'ayi a cikin bazara.

Alurar riga kafi tare da cuttings mafi yawa ana za'ayi a cikin bazara, kafin tada kodan. Idan diamita na jari da scion iri ɗaya ne, suna yin yankan guda, a haɗa su sosai sannan a ɗaura su da tef na roba. Idan hannun jari yana da kauri fiye da ƙyallen, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka biyu masu yiwuwa:

• da scion stalk slanted a gefe daya an saka cikin rootstock haushi lalacewa;
• da scion stalk slanted a garesu an saka a cikin musamman sanya tsaga itace na stock.

A cikin halayen guda biyu, ana yin allurar rigakafi tare da bandeji na roba, bayan haka dukkanin ragowar buɗewar yanka a kan jari da scion an rufe shi da kyau a cikin lambun varnish (ya fi kyau mai sheki a saman cut ɗin scion har ma a gaba).

Alurar riga kafi ta ido (budding) mafi yawa ana yin ta a cikin rabin lokacin bazara

Alurar riga kafi ta ido (budding) mafi yawa ana yin ta a cikin rabin lokacin bazara. A matsayin scion da suke amfani da matasa, farawa zuwa woody harbe na yanzu shekara, daga abin da ganye an yanka a hankali tare da reza, barin wani petiole. Sannan, ana yin abin da aka tsara mai nau'ikan T a cikin tsarin garken dabbobi, wanda aka sanya garkuwa tare da kodan da kuma farantin farantin katako na katako wanda aka saka a hannun kwalin. An rufe allurar tare da tef na roba, ba tare da rufe koda da kanta ba.

Ko da kuwa fasahar yin amfani da maganin alurar riga kafi, wata alama a fili cewa ta ɗauki tushe sabbin harbe-harben matasa ne da ke fitowa daga kumburin scion. Shekarar ta gaba bayan grafting, ya kamata a yanke madaurin a hankali don kada ya tsangwama tare da haɓaka rassan a kauri kuma kar a cire haushi.

Karin kwari da cututtuka

A cikin Ukraine da ɓangaren Turai na Rasha ba a gano kwari da cututtuka akan unabi ba. Matsalar gama gari da bahaushi sosai itace fatarar 'ya'yan itace sakamakon danshi mara kyau. Ya kamata a fara sarrafa irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa da farko.

A fannin noma na gargajiya a yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya da Sin, baƙar fata yakan lalace, kwari, 'ya'yan itace, garin ganyen viral da tsintsiya. Tun da farko, bayyanar su ma za ta yiwu a cikin ƙasarmu, a cikin yanayin gabatarwar pathogen tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka shigo da su ko kuma dasa shuki.

Wataƙila kwari da cututtuka da matakan kulawa (tebur)

Matsalar unabi (hotunan hoto)

Lamburan ra'ayoyi

Maƙwabta a cikin gidan ƙasar ya girma manyan itatuwa uku. Ya ce unabi ana kiranta da kwanan wata na kasar Sin. Ni ma, na kasance a kan wuta don shuka, amma da na gwada ta, sai na ƙi. Ba na son ɗanɗanar dangi na. Kodayake yana daidaita karfin jini. A aljihun makwabta shine zizyphus zhenya. Yana cewa shi ne ya murmure. Tare da kwanan wata, akwai kawai kama da na waje. Kuma busasshen apple yana tunatar da mutum ɗan dandano, kuma babu isasshen zaƙi a ciki. Kodayake, watakila irin ...

Savich

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=5877

Unabi arewacin Krasnodar ya gaza. Wani aiki mara amfani.

Toma

//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=300146

Ina da nau'ikan iri daban-daban a cikin 'ya'yan itace Crimea ba tare da matsaloli ba) Amma ga layi na tsakiyar, kusan babu wani bege a nan. Daga cikin misalan, na iya tunawa kawai wata mace daga Yankin Moscow wacce, a cikin shekaru da yawa, ke rufe dazuciyarta, amma a ƙarshe ya mutu ba ya fita, kuma ba ya yin takin. Ana samun sakamako mai kyau a kusa da Samara, inda ɗayan ƙaunataccen al'adu a cikin ɗan lokaci-lokaci ke da ƙananan amfanin.

Andy

//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=6642

A cikin Yankinmu na Krasnodar, unabi, idan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta kasance, yana fara yin fure a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu. Don haka, mutanen da suka dasa shi a karon farko galibi suna tunanin cewa bai ɗauke shi ba, musamman tunda bishiyar da aka dasa itace tayi fure kaɗan.

Sergey

//forum.homecitrus.ru/topic/20006-unabi-zizifus-v-otkrytom-grunte/

Shigar da jujube zuwa cikin fruiting na shekaru 4, aƙalla a cikin yanayin Crimea, iri biyu sun isa gare ni don samun amfanin gona.

Russimfer

//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=770

Hanya mafi sauki don shuka unabi a cikin yankuna na kudancin Rasha da Ukraine, inda wannan shuka mai rikitarwa mai rikitarwa mai ban sha'awa yana jin girma, yana girma kuma yana bada 'ya'ya ba tare da kulawa mai yawa ba. Iyakar matsalar matsalar jujube a yankin kudu ita ce matsalar wahalar yaduwar wannan amfanin gona. A mafi yawan yankuna na arewa, yunƙurin noma unabi a cikin ƙasa mafi yawanci yana ƙare da gazawa - bayan shekaru da yawa na ci gaba, tsire-tsire yawanci daskarewa a farkon hunturu mai sanyi.