Raspberries sune ɗayan shahararrun bishiyoyi da za'a iya samo su akan kowane shinge na lambu. Kamar sauran al'adun, raspberries suna buƙatar matakan kulawa daban-daban, kuma dasawa shine ɗayansu. Don yin komai daidai kuma samar da yanayi mafi kyawu don bushes su girma, kuna buƙatar sanin kanku tare da bayani game da aikin dasawa.
Ana shirin dasa shuki dasa shuki
Abin takaici, yawancin lambu suna la'akari da raspberries a matsayin unryentious Berry don haka samar da shi tare da mafi ƙarancin kulawa, watsi da dasawa. A halin yanzu, akwai wasu dalilai da yawa da ke bayyana dalilin da yasa dole ne a sanya yaduwar a cikin wasu matakan matakan bunkasa wannan amfanin gona:
- Raspberries sosai deple ƙasa, musamman tare da tsawanta girma a wuri guda. Rashin wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki ya cutar da yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma gaba ɗaya yana shafar lafiyar daji, saboda haka ana buƙatar canza ƙasa.
- Ba tare da juyawa ba, haɗarin kamuwa da cuta da yaduwar cututtuka da kwari iri daban-daban (anthracnose, chlorosis, da dai sauransu) yana ƙaruwa.
- Yin saurin canzawa yana ba da gudummawa ga sabunta daji da fitowar sababbin harbe.
Lokacin canzawa
Babu wata yarjejeniya tsakanin yan lambu game da wane kakar ne yafi dacewa da dasa bishiyar bishiyoyi. Ah!Yawancin lokaci ana yin kowane aiki a cikin bazara ko kaka. A cikin lamari na farko, yi kokarin juyawa daji daga farkon zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu, a karo na biyu - daga farko zuwa tsakiyar watan Satumba, saboda shuka yana da lokaci don ɗauka tushe kafin farkon yanayin sanyi.
An bada shawara ga dasa shuki raspberries kowane shekaru 4.
Zaɓin shafin da shiri
Ya kamata a dasa bishiyar bishiyoyi zuwa wani shafi mai fure mai nauyi (loamy ko yashi loamy). Bugu da ƙari, shafin ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga iska kuma ya kasance cikin rana - a cikin inuwa, shuka ya shimfiɗa kuma yana rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. Hakanan, wurin da aka zaɓa ya kamata ya zama babu bushewa ko rigar sosai, don haka la'akari da wurin da ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa - aƙalla 1.5 m daga farfajiyar ƙasa. Mutane da yawa lambu jayayya cewa raspberries ne mafi kyau dasa zuwa wani shafi wanda ba abin da ya yi girma a da. Idan baku da irin wannan damar, to, ku kula da abin da al'adun gargajiya suka mamaye wurin da aka zaɓa.
Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa game da raspberries sune siderates (lentil, alfalfa, hatsin rai, oats), ganyen (leas, wake, waken soya), cucumbers, zucchini, albasa da tafarnuwa. Dasa raspberries zuwa inda strawberries ko dankali suka yi amfani da girma ba da shawarar kusa da currants da buckthorn teku.
Kuna buƙatar shirya wuri don raspberries a kakar kafin lokacin dasawa. Don yin wannan, tono wani fili, a hankali cire ciyayi (musamman mai cutarwa don hatsin alkama) kuma amfani da takin mai zuwa ƙasa: ciyawar bushe, takin ko humus (6-8 kg / m2), superphosphate (30 g / m2) da gishiri na potassium (40 g / m2) Idan kun shirya mãkirci a cikin bazara, kuma ƙara urea (10 g / m2), idan a cikin kaka - ash (500 g / m2). Waɗannan lambu waɗanda ba su da ikon takin dukan mãkirci na iya takin gonar recesses nan da nan kafin dasawa.
Kafin dasa bishiyar Rashan, kasar gona tana bukatar hadi da takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai
Ka tuna fa raspberries ba su dace da ƙasa mai acidic ba (mahimmancin halayensu sun haɗa da daskararren ƙwaro ko horsetail, kasancewar farar fitila da ruwa mai kauri a cikin ramuka), don haka kwanaki 10-12 kafin hadi, kauda su ta hanyar yin lemun tsami (250-300 g / m2) ko dolomite (350-400 g / m2).
Fasahar juyawa ta Rasberi
Kuna iya dasa bishiyoyin a cikin ramuka da rami. Duk hanyoyin biyu sun dace da damina da damina. Zai fi kyau aiwatar da aiki a cikin yanayin girgije, mai nutsuwa.
Baya ga yanayin yanayi, wasu yan lambu suna mai da hankali kan kalandarewar wata. A cewar sa, bai kamata a sake yada shi zuwa sabon wata da cikakkiyar wata ba, da kuma awanni 12 kafin kuma bayan farawar su. Tun da rasberi shine shuka wanda ke samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa akan sassanta na iska, ya fi kyau yin sauyawa a ranakun watan mai girma.
Canza wani ɗan daji daji
Don dasawa, ya kamata a zaɓi bushes mai lafiya, tsinkayen tushe wanda ya kamata ya zama akalla cm 1. Kafin dasawa, dole ne a yanke bishiyoyi zuwa tsayi 0.7-0.9 m.
- Kwana 10-15 kafin dasawa a shafin da aka shirya, yi recesses dasa kuma takin su idan baku inganta ƙasa ba duk shafin:
- Wells. Diamita - 30 cm, zurfin - 25-30 cm. Nisan da ke tsakanin ramuka ya kamata ya zama cm 30-50, tsakanin layuka -1.5 - 2 m.
Sanya ramuka rasberi akalla 30 cm baya
- Maɓuɓɓuga. Tsawon - 60-80 cm, zurfin - 40 cm.
- A kasan ramin ko tare mahara, shafa takin a kowane daji: humus ko takin (3-5 kg), gishiri na gishiri (10 g), superphosphate (10 g). Yayyafa tare da Layer (cm 5 cm) na duniya.
- Tare da rufe recesses tare da fim ko kayan rufin.
- Wells. Diamita - 30 cm, zurfin - 25-30 cm. Nisan da ke tsakanin ramuka ya kamata ya zama cm 30-50, tsakanin layuka -1.5 - 2 m.
- Yi hankali da tono daji a cikin da'irar tare da diamita na 30-35 cm, ƙoƙarin ajiye dunƙule na duniya.
- Sanya daji a cikin hutu kuma yada tushen idan ya cancanta.
- Cika daji tare da ƙasa domin tushen wuyan (wurin da tushe ya shiga cikin tushe) yana toshe tare da saman ƙasa ko binne ta 2-3 cm, kuma haɗa ƙasa.
- Ruwa daji sosai (game da lita 3-5 na ruwa) kuma ciyawa ƙasa tare da bambaro, peat ko sawdust tare da Layer 5 cm.
Rasberi dasawa - bidiyo
Idan za ta yiwu, yi ƙoƙarin bincika tushen bishiyoyin da aka dasa su - ba lallai ne suyi zube ba, rot ko wasu lahani.
Tushen haɓaka
Tushen harbi na raspberries, kamar sauran tsire-tsire, harbe ne da ke girma daga buds da ke kan tushen sa. Irin waɗannan harbe suna girma a nesa na 20-30 cm daga babban daji. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana aiwatar da dasawa a tsakiyar watan Afrilu. A wannan lokacin, harbe suna samo tsarin tushe kuma sun kai 15-20 cm a tsayi. Don dasawa, ya fi kyau a ɗauki harbe 4-5 waɗanda ke a nesa na 0.5-0.7 m daga babban daji.
Don dasawa, yana da kyau a yi amfani da harbe-harbe da ke a tsaye rabin mita daga daji
An shirya shirin dasa tushen harbe kamar yadda na bushes manyan. Rijiyoyin ko rami ya kamata a kasance a wurin kuma a haɗasu su a haka.
- Kwana 10-15 kafin lokacin dasawa, shirya tsaftar tsalle.
- A hankali ku tono abubuwan da aka zaɓa, kuna ƙoƙarin kada ku share dunƙule na duniya a kan asalinsu. Hakanan cire ganye daga gare su.
- Sanya harbe a cikin tsage dasa, barin tushen wuyan a matakin ƙasa ko zurfafa shi ta 1-2 cm, kuma haɗa ƙasa.
- Ruwa mai kyau (lita 2-2.5 na ruwa) kuma mulch ƙasa tare da bambaro, peat ko sawdust tare da Layer 5 cm.
Idan baku sadu da ranar ƙarshe da dasa shuki a ƙarshen bazara ba, lokacin da harbe suka girma zuwa 0,5 m, bayan dasawa, gajarta su zuwa 15-20 cm don kada tsirrai su kashe ƙarfin ci gaba maimakon bunkasa tushen tsarin.
Replanting sprout dashi
Ana kiran harbe harbe wanda ake kira harbe da ke girma daga cikin buds a kan babban tushe kuma ana samun su kai tsaye a babban daji. A tsayi, yawanci sun kai kimanin m 0.5.
Shirya harbi mai rasberi a cikin bazara
An shirya wannan dabarar don sake dasa harbe a cikin bazara a cikin hanyar da ta saba, kuma ana aiwatar da hanyar da kanta sosai a bazara.
- Bayan Rasberi ta gama ba da 'ya'yan itace, yanke duk tsohuwar mai tushe, barin harbe guda 1-2.
- Cire duk tushen harbe.
- Fitar da hadarurruka a cikin ƙasa kusa da bushes kuma ƙulla mai tushe a gare su.
- Kusa da ƙarshen Satumba, kafin farkon sanyi, a hankali spud da bushes. Ka tuna cewa tushen rasberi yana da zurfin 10-20 cm, don haka kar a ɗauki ƙasa mai zurfi.
- A cikin bazara, a yanka harbe ta hanyar cm 10. Gashi yakamata ya kasance ƙasa ya zama har sai ganye ya fito ya yi girma da 1.5 cm.
- Lokacin da ganyayyaki suka kai girman da ake so, sara da tushen raspberries a cikin da'irar tare da diamita na 20 cm.
- Tona daji da hankali cire shi daga abin da ya rage tsohon mai tushe.
- Sanya harbe a cikin tsagi na dasawa wanda aka shirya kuma aka shirya shi a hanyar da ta saba, barin tushen wuyan a matakin ƙasa ko zurfafa shi ta 1-2 cm, kuma haɗa ƙasa.
- Ruwa mai kyau (lita 2-2.5 na ruwa) kuma mulch ƙasa tare da bambaro, peat ko sawdust tare da Layer 5 cm.
Ba shi da wuya a dasa shuki raspberries, ya isa kawai a shirya shafin daidai kuma a yi dukkan aikin a cikin lokaci. Bi waɗannan shawarwarin, zaku sami kyakkyawan shuka wanda zai kawo muku girbi mai kyau.
