- Nau'i: iris
- Lokaci na Gudanarwa: Mayu, Yuni, Yuli
- Girma: 15-40cm
- Launi: M, Ja Ja
- Perennial
- Rana soyayya
- Soyayya
Furannin bazara sune suka fi sha'awar, ana danganta su da zafin rana, da farkon lokacin bazara. A bayyane yake, wannan yana bayyana babban sanannen iris - tun daga farkon Mayu, an bayyana ɓoyayyen fure na duk inuwar bakan gizo a cikin gadajen furanni na filayen birni. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu (kusan 800) suna ba ku damar zaɓin furanni a cikin haɗin da ya dace kuma, tare da wasu tsire-tsire, ƙirƙirar abubuwan kirki masu ban mamaki. Bari muyi cikakken bayani game da yadda ake shuka iri-iri da kuma yadda ake kulawa da bulbous irises.
Preparationasa shiri: magudana da saman miya
Irises ba su da bukatar musamman, amma akwai wasu maki da ya kamata a yi la’akari dasu. Ba a ba su shawarar ba:
- waterlogged ƙasa;
- ƙasa mara ma'adinai;
- kullun inuwa.
Dasa a kan rami da aka gina shi da wucin gadi yana kiyaye kariya ne daga danshi mai yawan gaske. Idan ruwan karkashin kasa ya kusanto zuwa tushen, za a gina ƙaramar hawanci tare da gangara zuwa kudu kuma a gina tsarin magudanar ruwa. Don yin wannan, kawai ɗaga fure ta hanyar 20 cm kuma tabbatar da zubar ruwan sama.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na dasa irises: single, daji, rukuni, shuka iri kyauta. Ana amfani da furanni tare da manyan buds don dasa guda, tare da ƙananan - don rukuni
Misalin gado mai fure tare da irises: 1 - Voice of hyacinth Purple; 2 - Flashul tulip; 3 - daffodil New Baby; 4 - iris net Cantab; 5 - Scylla Siberian Alba
Irises suna son hasken rana, amma zasu iya ciyar da wani sashi na lokaci a cikin inuwa, saboda haka yana da kyau a fasa lambun furen a wuraren da ba a girgiza ba ko kuma girgije. Kafin dasa shuki, an wadatar da kasar gona da takin gargajiya, sannan a hankali aka tono kuma a kwance. Mafi yawanci ana yin taki ne a gaba, kimanin shekara guda kafin dasa shuki.
Kyakkyawan ƙasa don bulbous tana da damuwa. Ana bayar da amsawar alkaline ta ruwan lemun tsami, alli ko ƙwanƙwasa ƙwayayen da aka kawo a cikin ƙasa yayin tono. Zai fi kyau tsar da ƙasa mai yashi tare da humus; ash kuma kusan 40 g na superphosphate (da 1 m²) ba zai zama superfluous ba. Clay, ya yi akasin haka, ya fi kyau a tsarma tare da yashi babban ƙunshi kuma ƙara ɗan humus ko takin don wadata.
Labari mai alaƙa: Iyakance ƙasa a gonar: me yasa, yaushe kuma ta yaya za ayi?
Bai kamata a iyakance ka ga gadajen fure na gargajiya da ke a wuraren hutawa da kuma hanyoyi ba. Asalin gado-na asali yana kama da kyan gani!
Ba za a iya canza wurin dasa furanni na kimanin shekaru 10 ba, nau'in matasan - shekaru 5. Ikon irises don yayi saurin girma yana haifar da rashi na abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa, wanda ke buƙatar canji wuri, watau canja wurin gadaje furen.
Autumn - lokacin kwan fitila
Abubuwa na farko da farko, muna ba da shawarar ku kalli bidiyo akan batun:
Siffofin dasa ya dogara da iri-iri. A cikin yanayi mai tsauri, iridodictiums, Baturke da Caucasian, da kuma hadaddensu, suna da tushe kuma suna jure hunturu. Muna zaɓar busassun wuri, buɗewa da tono rami mai zurfi - har zuwa cm 7. Mun cika fitila don kada ƙasa ta zauna a kansu, kuma zai fi kyau ƙara ƙara yashi a cikin abin da ya ƙunsa. Don kare tsire-tsire daga cututtukan fungal, kwararan fitila da aka saya an yi musu maganin su tare da Fundazol ko Benlat. A lokacin rani, bayan kara da ganyayyaki sun mutu, za mu ware kananan kwararan fitila, waɗanda suka zama dole don ƙarin haifuwa.
Don yin ado da gadaje na fure, ana amfani da daya ko fiye da irin irises. Yawancin launuka suna ba ka damar ƙirƙirar abubuwan kirkirar launuka masu wuya
Kwararan fitila na Juno iri-iri ana rarrabe su da girman su da kasancewar fleshy, sabunta asalin shekara, wanda yakamata a kula dashi sosai. Idan tushen ya fadi, shuka zai mutu. Mafi kyawun lokacin don dasa shuki a cikin buɗe ƙasa shine makon da ya gabata na Satumba ko farkon shekarun Oktoba. Ana saukar da kwararan fitila a hankali cikin ramuka don kada su lalata tushen, kuma yafa masa wani yanki na duniya har zuwa 6 cm lokacin farin ciki.
Ramin dasa ya kamata ya zama ɗan ƙarami - game da tsayi biyu na gilashin, sabili da haka, don ƙananan albasa na irises, zurfin 4 zuwa 7 cm ya dace
Tsarin bazara ya ƙunshi digging da kwararan fitila bayan bushewar iris da bushe shi a cikin ɗaki mai zazzabi na 22-25ºС. Zaɓin na biyu shine rufe gado na fure tare da fim, kare shi daga ruwan sama, har zuwa farkon Oktoba. Furtherarin yaduwa na Juno ana yin ta ko dai ta kwararan fitila, ko kuma ta tsaba, waɗanda aka shuka a cikin kwalaye na musamman. Kwalaye iri, kamar kwararan fitila, dole ne a bushe. Harbe yana bayyana, a matsayin mai mulkin, a shekara ta biyu.
Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire na gaba yayin dasa shuki na iya zama daban: ƙaramar ana ganin ta zama rata biyu ƙabilu biyu (a sakamakon an kafa daji mai yawa), matsakaicin - har zuwa rabin mitoci (galibi ana yin tsiran fure ko ɓoyayyen lush a wannan hanyar).
Yin amfani da kwandon filastik don haɓaka
A cikin babban kanti zaku iya sayan kwanduna mai sauƙi amma mai matukar dacewa don amfanin gona mai girma.
Don cire wani ɓangaren Turf, muna sanya kwandon filastik a cikin yankin da ake so kuma mu kewaye kwanon zuwa zurfin 12 cm tare da felu ko mashin.
A hankali cire kwandon shara wanda aka raba, da zurfin ramin sakamakon da kusan 20-30 cm domin kwandon ya yi daidai
A kasan ramin, zuba taki, sannan saita kwandon. Mun cika shi da wani rigar ɗakuna mai yawa na ƙasa mai dausayi kuma muka dasa kwararan fitila
Mun cika kwararan fitila da aka dasa tare da bakin ciki na bakin ciki kuma mu mayar da yanki na turf baya. Saboda haka, kwararan fitila za su ciyar da hunturu gabaɗaya a cikin yanayi mai kyau
Kwandon ya dace da hakan za'a iya cire shi cikin ƙasa kuma, tare da albasarta da aka dasa, an ƙaura shi zuwa ɗakin bushewa.
Yadda ake kulawa da irises?
Baya ga dasa lokaci da kuma shirye-shiryen ƙasa, ana buƙatar kulawa da tsirrai a lokacin furanninsu: farkon irises fara yin fure a watan Mayu, daga baya irises fara yin fure a watan Yuni. Kulawar da ta dace don bullous irises ta ƙunshi a cikin takin kullun tare da takin zamani da kariya daga kwari. Wani batun damuwa na fure shine shayarwa. Bai kamata a shayar da Irises ba a lokacin damina, kuma a lokacin rani matsakaici ban ruwa wajibi ne da yamma.
Yana da muhimmanci a zabi kyawawan nau'ikan furanni. Misali, Siberian irises ana ɗauka mafi tsananin tsaurin sanyi, saboda haka suna iya jure yanayin hunturu a arewacin latitude
Aikace-aikacen takin mai ma'adinai
A lokacin bazara, bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, muna jira babban ruwan zai bushe kafin ya fitar da takin. Hanyoyin da aka shirya da kuma cakuda bushewar duniya, alal misali, Reasil ko Kyakkyawan ,arfi, sun dace. Mun sanya adadin da ake buƙata na saman miya a saman Layer (ko watsa shi a farfajiya na ƙasa kusa da kwararan fitila), sannan a hankali ku kwance shi, da hankali kada ku kama tushen.
Ofaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka na matakai uku don ciyar da irises ba shine farkon farkon fure ba:
- nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus (2: 3: 1) - a cikin bazara a kan busasshiyar ƙasa;
- iri ɗaya ne, amma a cikin bambancin daban (3: 3: 1) - a lokacin haɗuwa da toho;
- potassium, phosphorus (1: 1) - wata 1 bayan farkon lokacin fure.
Haɗin kai na yau da kullun da madaidaiciya suna ba da tabbacin ingantaccen halayen ado, haɓaka mai sauri da fure mai tsayi. Daya daga cikin mahimman lokutan rayuwar shuka shine samuwar fure-fure. Ciyar da kai a wannan matakin samar da ciyawa, cikakkiyar fure shekara mai zuwa.
Takin ciyawa na kwararan fitila na dauke da sinadarin lignohumate, wanda ke yin wasu muhimman ayyuka: yana inganta ci gaba cikin sauri, yana kara juriya ga tsirrai zuwa cututtuka, yana kara kwarin gwiwa
Ba lallai ba ne don yin takaddun takaddun takaddun don irises a kan kanku, kantin sayar da kayan sayar da kayan da aka shirya don albasa a cikin nau'i biyu: bayani da bushe bushe
Kalli adadin nitrogen a hankali. Yawan wuce haddi na wannan abun yana haifar da “mai-rai” - tsari idan ganyaye suka girma, amma fure ba ya nan.
Aikin rigakafin kwaro
Duk da gajeren lokacin furanni, namo ayyukan bulbous irises yana tare da matakan kariya. Don hana bayyanar cututtukan da ba a ba su izini ba, yalwataccen tsire-tsire ya kamata a aiwatar da kowane mako biyu. Wajibi ne a fara daga lokacin da ganyayyaki suka kai tsawon cm 10. Yawancin lokaci yi amfani da "Malathion" (yana taimaka daga jijiyoyin dabbobi) ko magungunan kashe ƙwari na duniya. Tare da farawar buds, an daina jinya.
Mafi sau da yawa, irises suna da cutar Tushen da kuma kwan fitila - bacteriosis, wanda ke haifar da lalata sassan sassan mutum. An dasa tsire, an cire sassan da ke da cuta, a wanke a potassiumgangan kuma a watsa zuwa wani wuri
Yadda za a tantance cutar a cikin gemu irises? Yawancin lokaci shuka mai lafiya yana da tarin ganyayyaki na 7-9, yayin da mai haƙuri zai iya gano komai sama da 5. Akwai matsala game da samuwar fure fure. Don magani, an dasa shuka, an tsabtace da abubuwa masu lalacewa da kwari, a bi da su tare da maganin rigakafi. Idan irises ya shafa na thrips, zaren yatsun halitta akan ganye ya karye.
Yin rigakafin ya ƙunshi m shiri na kwararan fitila don shekara ta gaba - cire tsohon tushe tare da ganye, farfajiyoyi da furanni, wanda kwari masu cutarwa na iya wanzuwa.
Kulawar gargajiya na irises yana ba da tabbacin fure mai haske da ba a sani ba da kuma ikon ƙirƙirar lambun fure na musamman.
