Dutse na zahiri a koyaushe an yi la'akari da gaskiya shine shahararren kayan gini. Granite, marmara, dutsen dutse, dolomite, farar ƙasa zama tushe ne mai dogaro kuma mara kyau na musamman don ginin tushe da gidaje, tsarin tafkunan tafki da hanyoyin buɗewa, kirkirar abubuwan abubuwan gine-gine da tsabtace gine-gine. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, analogues na wucin gadi na dutse na al'ada suna da shahara iri ɗaya, waɗanda suke da kamannin launuka iri ɗaya, amma sun bambanta da sifofi masu inganci. Rashin dutse na ado shine hanya mai sauƙi, wanda duk mutumin da yake da ƙanƙanin ra'ayin kammala aikin zai iya ɗaukar shi.
Fasali na "rigar" da "bushe" hanyoyin kwance
Fasaha don sanya dutse na wucin gadi da na halitta waɗanda ke da madaidaicin nau'ikan geometric ya dogara ne da ƙayyadaddun ka'idojin aikin tubali. Amma don yin aiki tare da duwatsun "daji", wanda aka sani da sifofinsu na ajizai, har yanzu kuna buƙatar ƙari da ilimin da ƙwarewa.
Za'a iya yin shimfiɗa dutse a kan tushen wuta da injin siminti, kuma ba tare da amfani dashi ba. Dangane da wannan, a cikin gini, akwai hanyoyin “rigar” da “bushe” masonry.
Siffar halayyar masarar "bushe" zaɓi ne mai kyau na zaɓaɓɓun duwatsun da suke dacewa da juna
Fasahar “ryaura” tana da wahala musamman idan aiki tare da duwatsun "tsage" na ɗabi'a, kowannensu yana da kauri, tsayi da faɗi. Don haɓaka da aminci na masonry, duk fasa tsakanin duwatsun suna cike da ƙasa ko turɓayar ciminti. Wannan hanyar ana amfani da ita sau da yawa a ginin ƙananan fences da fences, har ma da kwanciyar hankali. Ga misalin bushewar masonry:
Ana amfani da masonry "Rigar" a cikin yin gine-gine masu tsayi, waɗanda suke da sifaɗan monolithic. Wannan hanyar masonry ita ce mafi sauki a kisa, tunda ba ayi tanadin sassauci game da abubuwanda ke makwabta ba.
Takaici cike gibba da ababen hawa tsakanin duwatsun suna tabbatar da taurin kai da kwanciyar hankali na kowane gini
Duwatsu na yau da kullun don mafi yawan sashi suna da sikelin "ragged" siffar maras kyau. Lokacin zabar duwatsu, yana da mahimmanci la'akari da kaya. Fale-falen gini na dutse, kauri wanda bai wuce 1-2 cm ba, ana amfani da shi don fuskantar jirage mara nauyi da facade. Lokacin shirya wuraren da ke da babban zirga-zirgar isa ya isa a yi amfani da duwatsun tare da kazamin kusan 2 cm a matsayin wani mayafi.Kuma don yankuna inda yakamata a sa manyan sassan jiki da kayan aiki, kana buƙatar ɗaukar duwatsun fiye da 4 cm lokacin farin ciki.
Masonry na dutse na halitta
Tsawon duwatsun da aka yi dasu ya bambanta, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin kewayon 150-500 mm. Daskararre da dogayen duwatsun suna dacewa sosai don shirya tushe, riƙe bango, ginin hydraulic da sauran gine-gine. An tsabtace dutsen da ke ƙasa kafin a sa shi. Manyan cobblestones an rarrabu kuma an murkushe su a cikin kananan guda.
Manyan manyan duwatsun da ba a rufe su ba sun dace da jifar da dutse duwatsun da hannayensu: dutsen harsashi, dutse, dolomite, tuff, sandstone, dutsen dutse
Don aiki tare da dutse na halitta zaka buƙaci: a - mai ba da shawara, b - karamin guduma, c - guduma mai ƙarfe, d - mai guduma na katako.
A kan aiwatar da sikeli, an kakkafa manyan kabarin ta amfani da kilogiram 5 na sledgehammer da chipping daga cikin kusurwoyin da aka nuna na kananan duwatsu tare da guduma mai nauyin kilogram 2.3. An yi wani abu kamar haka:
A cikin ayyukan gine-ginen tsaye, an sanya mafi girma kuma mafi tsayayyen duwatsun azaman tushe a jere na ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani dasu don shirya sasanninta da ƙetara katangu. Kwance layuka masu zuwa, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa finfan an ɗan ɗan daidaita danganta da juna. Wannan zai ƙara ƙarfi da amincin ginin.
Maganin an shimfiɗa shi a kan duwatsu tare da ɗan wuce kima. Yayin aiwatar da aikin, duwatsun suna komawa cikin turmi na ciminti tare da guduma mai guduma. Bayan an yi masa rauni, ragowar yana gudana tare da madawwamiyar gadoji tsakanin duwatsun. Gibba tsakanin gadajen cike suke da dutse mai kyau. Seams ana duba su da kyau, girman su wanda tsawon layinsu baya wuce 10-15 mm.
Haske. Idan mafita ta sami gaban dutsen, kada a goge shi nan da wani ɗan rigar - wannan kawai zai haifar da ɗauka a jikin dutsen. Zai fi kyau a bar maganin nan da ɗan lokaci, domin ya daskare, sannan a cire shi da spatula kuma a goge farfajiyar dutsen tare da raggon bushe.
Tunda sutturar ƙyallen buta da ƙafafun da ba na yau da kullun suna da matsala matsala don aiwatarwa, yayin kwancen dutse na yau da kullun, ya zama dole sanya layuka na haɗin gwal da cokali cokali bi da bi.
Wannan suturar ta dogara ne da ka'idodin suturar sarkar, wanda yawancin lokuta ana amfani da shi don brickwork. Godiya ga wannan fasaha, ƙirar ta fi dorewa kuma mai dorewa.
A matakin karshe, ya zama dole a fitar da kananzir tare da spatula kuma, idan ya cancanta, a shafa rufin da ruwa mai gudu.
Misalin wannan fasahar “rigar” itace kashin aiki mai zuwa:
Ctionirƙirari da ƙa'idoji don sanya dutse na wucin gadi
A matsayin misali yin dutse mai wucin gadi da hannuwanmu, muna so mu ba ku wannan umarnin na bidiyo daga sassa 2:
Yanzu zaku iya magana game da ka'idojin shigarwa. A kan aiwatar da dutse na wucin gadi, zaku iya amfani da hanyar "tare da haɗuwa" ko ba tare da su ba.
A cikin farkon zane, lokacin da za a saka duwatsun, an kiyaye nesa tsakanin su na 1-2 cm, a cikin na biyu - ana ɗaukar duwatsun kusa da juna.
Dutse na wucin gadi galibi rectangular ne a siffar. Sabili da haka, don aiki tare da su, zaku iya amfani da fasaha na shimfidar tubalin. Yin kwanciya a cikin "murkushewa" hanya ce ta sanya tubali, wanda aka sanya shi tare da dogayen baki a wajen ginin, sannan kuma sanya "tsokana" - lokacin da dutse yake a cikin kunkuntar baki.
Game da ginin gine-ginen da aka yi da dutse na wucin gadi, ana amfani da mafi kyawun yanayin, wanda a cikin aiwatar da "cokali" kwanciya, ana sanya kowane layi mai zuwa tare da wasu abubuwan da ke kwance na tubalin dangane da wanda ya gabata.
Ta wannan hanyar rigar, madaidaicin maƙallan layin kusa ba su dace ba, ta haka ne ƙarfafa ƙarfin ginin
Daga cikin shahararrun hanyoyin yin ado na saka dutse kuma ana iya bambance su: Flemish, Turanci da Amurka.
Ana amfani da duwatsun adon ba da yawa don ginin gine-gine da halittar abubuwan ƙirar wuri mai faɗi, a maimakon haka don ƙirar su. Tushen aikin da suke samarwa shine: tanda, agglomerate ko turmi na ciminti.
Fuskokin waje na duwatsu masu wucin gadi na iya maimaita fasalin kowane dutse na halitta: marmara, farar ƙasa, slate ...
Don saman da aka yi shimfida don kula da bayyanar ado na dogon lokaci, lokacin kwanciya dutse mai ado, ya zama dole a jagoranci shi da yawa shawarwari:
- Yi tunani a gaba "zane" na masonry. Madadin fasali da kuma girman duwatsun, wanda aka yi cikin haske da inuwa mai duhu, zai ba farfajiyar zama ta halitta kuma a lokaci guda mafi kyawun bayyanar.
- Yarda da kai tsaye a kan fasahar masonry. Ba kamar duwatsun da aka yi amfani da su ba, ya kamata a shimfiɗa duwatsun adon cikin layuka, tun daga sama su sauka. Wannan zai hana manne shiga daga saman dutsen, wanda ke da tsaftace tsaftacewa.
- Aiwatar da man shafawa wanda aka ƙayyade ta ƙirar dutsen da ke fuskar. Ana amfani da maganin m tare da spatula duka biyu a gindi da kuma gefen ɓangaren dutsen.
Ana yin Masonry akan wani lebur, mai narkewar ƙasa. Don mafi kyawun riko, yakamata a jika tushe da ruwa. Dole sai an matse tayal mai tsinkaye da kwatankwacin rigar daga kafaffen motsi tare da tsawaitawa na wasu yan dakiku. A yayin shigarwa, ya kamata a guji madaidaitan teams ɗin.
Bayan an gama kwanciya, domin dutse mai ado ya daɗe har zai yiwu, yana da kyau a rufe shi da ƙasa mai kariya ko ruwa mai hana ruwa.
