Haworthia ya zo daga Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Turai a farkon karni na 18. An shuka ciyawar a duk duniya. Iyalin da ke da cancantar sun hada da ire-iren succulents sama da 150 tare da ganyayyaki na fata, an rufe su da rayoyi da tatsuniyoyi. A cikin ciyawar cikin gida, ana darajarta don kamanninta na asali da kuma unpretentiousness.
Bayanin Shuka
Haworthia ƙananan shuka ne mai ƙarancin girma. Yawancin nau'ikan suna samar da Rosal Rossette Sun yi kama da Aloe, amma mafi daidaituwa da tasiri saboda tsarin peculiar na ganye da launi. Launin launi na ganye ya bambanta daga haske zuwa kore mai duhu, tare da launin toka, azurfa, launuka masu launin ruwan kasa. Siffar ganyayyakin itace lanceolate, farfajiyar tayiwu. Strowallan wuta da sautin furuci na fari ko launin shuɗi mai launin duhu suna ba da tsire mai hoto. Yana da kyau a la'akari da yadda haworthia ke fure.
Hadakar Haworthia
Haworthia na iya yin fure a kowane lokaci, amma kuma galibi yakan faru ne a lokacin rani. A kan bakin farji, ƙaramin fure ya bayyana. Furen Havortia ba darajar kayan ado ba ne kuma a wasu lokuta ana cire shinge don kar a raunana shuka.
Rashin daidaituwa yana ba ku damar amfani da haworthia don gyara kowane ciki. Yana ɗaukar sararin samaniya kaɗan kuma sannu a hankali yana girma, saboda haka ana amfani dashi sau da yawa a cikin abubuwan ɗakuna cikin ramuka da tsaunukan dutse.
Informationarin bayani! Haworthia ta sami sunan ta ne saboda girmamawa ga masanin kimiyyar adabin Ingila Adrian Hardy Haworth (1768-1833). Ya yi karatun flora da fauna na Afirka ta Kudu na dogon lokaci kuma ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga kimiyya, inda ya bayyana nau'ikan tsire-tsire da yawa a wannan yankin.
Babban iri
Harshen ɗan asalin mallakar Asphodelov ne. Sakamakon ikon ƙirƙirar hybrids biyu a cikin asalin kuma tare da nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa (Gasteria, Aloe). Wannan kayan talla ne na masu shayarwa.
Kula! Akwai samfurori da yawa da yawa waɗanda suka sha bamban da launi, girman kanti, kazalika da lamba da siffar tubercles a cikin ganyayyaki.
Nau'in nau'ikan floriculture:
- Tsagewa (ko haworthia fasciata) ɗayan nau'ikan gida ne. Haworthia fasciata tana da daskararren abu mai duhu wanda aka yi wa ado da farin launi mai kyau. Bar an nuna, dan kadan mai lankwasa. Mafi yawan farin bugun suna kan bangon littafin. Kulawa da tagar gidan haworthia a gida ya kunshi ingantaccen shayarwa da dasawar lokaci.
Haworthia fasciata
- Haworthia da aka zana yana da fure na ganye mai tsawon elongated, wanda aka rufe akan bangarorin biyu tare da karamin farin gilasai. Abubuwan haɓaka na kayan ado suna bazuwar, wasu lokuta suna haɗuwa zuwa ratsi.
Haworthia
- M - babban matasan, mai kai 20 cm ba ga tsawo. Leavesan karamin ganye mai ɗaukar hoto suna ɗaure da juna a cikin juna. Suna girma a cikin layuka uku kuma suna samar da ginshiƙai masu ban mamaki waɗanda suke kama da sikeli maciji daga nesa. Launi yana ƙara adorativeness - a wasu nau'ikan an ƙara inuwa mai launin shuɗi ko kifi a cikin babban kore.
Haushirthia
- Za'a bambanta da sinu sinu ɓoyayyen ƙananan hakorthia da ƙananan akwati da ƙananan ganyayyaki na triangular, gefen kan layi wanda ya lankwashe. An rufe kallon yana da ƙananan fararen dige.
Hayarthia
- A scaphoid siffofin m rosettes na haske kore fleshy ganye tare da nuna iyakar. Manyan kwandunan concave sun yi kama da jirgin ruwa. Akwai wurare masu sauƙi, yankuna kaɗan masu jujjuyawa - windows mai ganye. Dalilinsu shi ne raunana sakamakon zafin rana. Ra'ayin da sauri yana ba da kwasfa na yara kuma ya cika sarari kyauta;
Haworthia Scaphoid
- Pearl haworthia yana bambanta da manyan launuka na duhu kore ganye, wanda akwai fararen launuka masu kama da lu'u-lu'u. Yana fure, kamar yawancin succulents, tare da furanni kararrawa masu aradu akan furanni masu tsayi.
Kallon lu'u-lu'u
- Reinvardt - yana samar da tushe har zuwa 20 cm tsayi, wanda gajeren duhu duhu ganye tare da nuna alamar tsintsiya suna tam dasa, overlapping juna. Suna da kayan ado na convex na ado.
Haworthia reinwardtii
- Blind ko haworthia retusa - yana da fadi da sarari mai ganye mai bakin ciki tare da tukwici mai narkewa. Launi daga launi mai haske zuwa mai launin ja, tare da rashin walƙiya, launin ja yana ƙaruwa. Ganuwa akan ganyayyaki sun rayu.
Haworthia retusa
- Chess (cakulan) siffofin stemless rosettes tare da fleshy triangular ganye shirya a karkace. A saman farantin takardar shine tsarin da aka yankata, wanda ya ƙunshi tasirin haske da layin duhu. An rufe gefen juyawa da ƙananan tubercles. A wasu lokuta ana yin ado da gefuna na ganye tare da cloves. Chess haworthia zai iya samar da harbe-harbe daga manyan kantunan karkashin kasa. A cikin wannan nau'in, 'yar rosette na iya bayyana a nesa da santimita da yawa daga shuka na iyaye.
Chess iri-iri na haworthia
Sau da yawa a cikin shagunan fure haworthia, wanda nau'ikan su suka bambanta sosai, ana gabatar dasu azaman "haɗuwar haworthia." A lokaci guda, ana shuka nau'ikan iri da yawa a cikin tukwane waɗanda ke da sautin m.
Haworthia, kulawar gida
Haworthia yana daya daga cikin fewan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke kwantar da hankali don shading. A cikin mazaunin halitta, waɗannan maye gurbin kusan ana nutsar da su cikin yashi, yawanci kawai tukwicin ganye ne suka kasance a farfajiya. Bugu da kari, saboda wahalar kwayar cutar, shukawar ba ta lalace.
Kula! Succulent ya dace don yin kagaggun shirye-shirye a cikin florarium - wani akwati na fili wanda tsire-tsire suke.
Haworthia Florarium
Yanayin Zazzabi
Iskar da ke kewaye da shuka kada ta kasance ƙasa +5 ℃. A cikin hunturu, ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki tsakanin 10-13 ℃ sama da sifili. A lokacin rani, yanayin jin daɗi a zazzabi na 20-25 ℃. Yawan hauhawar haworthia ba mai ban tsoro bane.
Watering da ciyar
Da wuya a shayar a cikin hunturu. Ragowar shekara - tsarin matsakaici na ban ruwa. Dankin ya bushe lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe gabaɗaya, yawanci sau 1-2 a mako. Yana da kyawawa cewa danshi ba ya shiga tsakiyar mafita, wannan na iya haifar da juyawa.
Furen haworthia, kamar cacti da yawa, yana tsayayya da bushewar iska. Rashin yanayin tsaftar muhalli baya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A lokacin haɓaka aiki, daga bazara zuwa kaka, ana amfani da takin sau ɗaya a wata. Aiwatar da riguna na sama don babban nasara ko maganin rauni na takin ma'adinai. A cikin hunturu, ciyar ba a za'ayi.
Mahimmanci! Itataccen shuka ba ya buƙatar takin don farkon watanni uku. A cikin sabon cakuda ƙasa, akwai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki don ci gaban aiki.
Yin daskarewa da dasawa
Idan kanti ya zama yayi girma ga tukunyar filawar, ko sisiyyu masu yawa sun yi girma, ana dasa tsiron. Dace low wide iya aiki.
Yana da kyau don dasa shuki a cikin bazara. A wannan lokacin, ciyayi yana farawa kuma fure ta saba da sabon yanayi. Haworthia mai kyau ya yi kyau sosai a cikin cakuda yashi da ƙasa mai kyau, ana ɗaukar su daidai.
Lura! Don kula da bayyanar, ana cire ganyayyaki marasa amfani. Bayan fure, an cire ciyawar fure.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Haworthia yana yaduwa ta zuriya ko ciyawar ganye - tushe, wani lokacin kuma itace mai ganye. Wasu nau'in na iya samar da harbe-harbe a kaikaice - stolons. Hakanan sun dace da haifuwa.
Don samun tsaba, nau'in halittu masu ban sha'awa tun daga ra'ayi na lambu shine ke pollin su. Game da nasarar pollination, an tattara tsaba kuma aka shuka su a cikin m, mafi yawa sandy substrate. Don ƙirƙirar microclimate mai dumi da laima, rufe tare da fim. Kula da zafin jiki na +20 ℃. Tsirrai na haɓaka sannu a hankali; ana iya samin samfuran mutum a cikin shekaru biyu.
Don yada succulents tare da kara da ganye, suna bushe kafin dasa. Wannan tsari, gwargwadon girman hannun, na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 1-2. Sa'an nan ana sanya cuttings a cikin m yashi ko perlite, inda tushen faruwa.
Farfagandar ta yanke
'Ya'yan sashin mata suna rabuwa yayin dasawa. Yankin yanki an yayyafa shi da gawayi an shuka tsire-tsire a cikin tukwane daban. Wannan zaɓi shine mafi sauki kuma yana ba ku damar sauri shimfidar tsari mai kyau.
Mai ban sha'awa don sani! Ativesan asalin Afirka ta Kudu suna ɗaukar Haworthia a matsayin shuka mai warkarwa da banmamaki. Suna dasa haworthias akan rufin kuma suna yin ado da gidajensu tare da alamun nasara a cikin tukwane, suna fatan cewa tsirrai zasu kare gidaje daga walƙiya da kuma tasirin kuzari mara kyau. Musamman godiya ta hanyar masu warkarwa haworthia limifolia (haworthia limifolia).
A wasu wuraren, buƙatun tsire-tsire masu amfani yana da girma sosai har ma don gamsar da shi, suna yin la’akari da batun haworthia ta yaduwar microclonal.
Matsalar girma
Duhu da kuma bushe a cikin ganyayyaki ne sakamakon yawan danshi. A lokaci guda, ana dakatar da shawo kan ruwa, an cire sassan da abin ya shafa na shuka kuma ana kula da kanti tare da maganin kashe-kashe.
Haworth rot
Succulents ba su da lalacewa ta hanyar kwari fiye da sauran tsire-tsire na cikin gida. Koyaya, wani lokacin akan haworthia, fararen auduga-kamar ɓoyayyen mealybug za'a iya gani. Mafi yawancin lokuta suna kasancewa a cikin axils na ganye ko a matakin haɓaka. A cikin aibobi masu kyau sune ƙwai na kwari da lardin su na haɓaka. A auduga swab a cikin ruwa mai sawa yana cire halayen kwari.
Wani lokaci m garkuwa ko zagaye kakin zuma na launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi yana bayyana akan shuka. A ƙarƙashinsu larvae na kwari, kwari da ke tsotse ruwan tsiro. Ana cire garkuwa a hankali tare da buroshi tare da bi da ruwa mai soapy.
Haworthia, wacce aka dasa a cikin fili a lokacin rani, tana fama da hare-haren ɓarke. Karin kwari gnaw matasa ganye, da shuka yi hasarar da adorativeness da ta bushe. Idan akwai ugsan kazaman slugs, ana tattara su da hannu kuma ana hallaka su. A cikin yanayin yayin mamayewar kwari da yawa, irondehyde zai taimaka.
Informationarin bayani! Tare da yaduwar yaduwar kwari, suna zuwa magungunan kashe qwari. Jiyya tare da mara lafiyar yana taimakawa kawar da tsutsa da sikeli.
Duk da cewa haworthia sigar unpreentious da tsayayya wa kwari da cututtuka shuka, ya kamata ka ba watsi da matakan m, saboda cutar ne ko da yaushe sauki don hana fiye da bi. Matakan hanyoyin kariya:
- dubawa na tsirrai kan sayan - ganyen succulents dole ya kasance mai yawa, ba tare da lalacewa da samfuran kwari ba (baƙar fata, cobwebs, plaque);
- keɓe keɓaɓɓen samfurori na sababbin samfurori - an sanya furanni matasa daban da manyan tarin kuma ana kula da su na makonni biyu; idan ba a ga alamun lalacewa ba, sanya shuka a cikin sarari da aka tanada;
- wanka na tsirrai na yau da kullun.
Abu ne mai sauki ka kula da rashin cancantar, saboda haka ko da fararen lambu ma na iya jure yanayin noman. Yan koyo tare da gwaninta suna farin cikin yin gwaji, suna yin kagaggun abubuwa daga nau'ikan daban-daban, haworthia girma a cikin kwantena gilashin ko samar da gandun daji.
