Tsarin tsari na narkewa na saniya

Mace yana da dabbobi, wanda, yayin da kiwo, haɗiye abincin, kusan ba tare da shayarwa ba, kuma daga bisani, yayin da yake hutawa, sai su keta shi daga ciki cikin cikin bakin kuma sannu a hankali, suyi ta hankali. Abin da ya sa, yana kallon kauyukan kaucewa, za ka ga cewa kusan dukkanin lokacin da ta sha. Wannan hanyar abinci mai gina jiki yana taimakawa dabba don yin amfani da lokacin ciyarwa da kyau kuma ya cire yawan adadin abubuwa masu mahimmanci daga abinci na shuka.

Shin kuna sani? Mutumin ya buge wata saniya game da shekaru 8 da suka wuce. Idan a yau za mu sanya dukkan mutane masu rai a gefe ɗaya na Sikeli, da dukan shanu da bijimai a karo na biyu, to, nauyin nauyin "tsutsa" zai kusan sau uku ya wuce nauyi na yawan jama'ar duniya.

Tsarin kwayar halitta na sãniya kunshi sassa daban-daban:

rami na bakin ciki - lebe, hakora da harshe. Aikata kama, haɗiye da sarrafa abinci;
esophagus. Yana hada ciki tare da pharynx, yana da kimanin mita 0.5;
ciki. Ya ƙunshi ɗakuna huɗu da hidima don narkewa da kuma cin abinci;
ƙananan hanji. Yarda da abinci tare da bile da juices, shayar da abubuwan gina jiki cikin jini;
babban hanji. Ana aiki don ƙarin bayani game da abinci, ilimi da kuma saki mutane masu yawa.

Tsarin kwayoyin dabbobin daji na kwayoyi: 1 - gland gland salmonary; 2 - tasiri na salivary salutary; 3 - makogwaro; 4 - rami na bakin ciki; 5 - gland-gland salivary gland; 6 - larynx; 7 - trachea; 8 - Esophagus; 9 - hanta; 10 - hanzarin yawo; 11; 12 - gallbladder; 13 - ƙirar bile; 14 - Grid; 15 - pancreas; 16 - ƙananan ƙwayar cuta; 17 - Abomasum; 12 - Duodenum; 19 - Jejunum; 20 - ma'auni; 21 - ileum; 22 - wannan; 23 - madaidaiciya; 24 - Zazzabi. 25 - littafin; 26 - hawan tsawa

Ƙara: lebe, harshe, hakora

Baya ga hakora, duk ɗakin da ke ciki na kogin buccal na saniya an rufe shi da membran mucous. Ana amfani da lebe, harshe da hakoran dabbobin da ke nan don kamawa, da hawaye, da kuma kara kayan abinci. Murmushi da cheeks suna yin bakin ciki kuma suna yin aikin kiyaye abinci a bakin. Babban abincin mai gagarumar abincin shine tsoffin kwayoyin muscular - harshe. Tare da shi, wata saniya tana kama da dandana abinci, yana taimakawa wajen haɗiye da sha, yana jin abubuwa daban-daban, kulawa da jikinsa da lambobi tare da dangi. A samansa akwai papillae da yawa, wanda ke aiwatar da ayyuka na kamawa da lalata.

Yi nazari akan yanayin jiki da siffofin dabbobin shanu.

Abun hako ne ƙwayoyin enamel na kasuwa don ƙuƙwalwa da ƙwallon abinci. Maciya ba ta da fangs, a maimakon abin da akwai ƙushin haƙori mai wuya a kan babba na sama a gaban ƙananan haɓaka. Wannan tsari ya ba dabba damar yin amfani da ciyawa. Arcade hakora na dabbõbi: 1 - jiki na incisal kashi; tushe kashi na ƙwaƙwalwar hakori; 2 - yanki baƙo (baki); I - incisors; C - fangs; P - premolars; M-molars. Ana haifa da hakora da hakora, madauran madara na iya riƙe 20 hakora, da yatsan tsohuwar maraya - 32 hakora. Sauya ƙananan hakora da ƙananan hakora farawa yana da shekaru kimanin 14.

Ƙaƙwalwar ƙwan zuma ta fi girma fiye da ƙananan, kuma ƙananan jaw kuma an daidaita shi don yin layi na waje (a kaikaice). Hannun dabba suna haifar da nau'i mai kama da kullun, kuma saboda motsi na musamman na jaws, tafarkin cin abinci yayin da ake shan tabawa ya fi dacewa.

Yana da muhimmanci! A cikin ƙananan dabbobi, tsarin ruminant ya fara a kusa da mako na uku na rayuwarsu. A shanu marar girma, mai shan taba yana faruwa 30-70 minti bayan shan kifi ko ciyarwa, kuma yana da kusan minti 40-50. Yawan adadin dabbobi a kowace rana shine sau 6.

Gland gland da esophagus

A cikin ɓangaren kwakwalwa na saniya, jigilar glandiyoyi tare da harshe daban-daban sune: adadi, submandibular, sublingual, 'yan asalin da kuma supraorbital (zygomatic). Asirin su sun ƙunshi yawan enzymes da suka saki sitaci da maltose.

Na gaba, abinci yana wucewa ta cikin esophagus, wanda shine tube mai tsoka da tsawon mita daya. Ta wannan hanyar, an fara kawo abinci daga pharynx zuwa ciki, sa'an nan kuma ya koma bakin don cinyewa.

Tsai

Mace yana da murmushi mai rikitarwa mai kunshe da ɗakuna huɗu:

scar;
raga;
littafi;
rennet

A gaskiya ma, ciki mai ciki wanda ke samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace ne kawai ya raguwa. Sauran dakuna uku masu amfani da su ne don amfani da abinci, an kira su da tsalle-tsalle ko ma fadada daga cikin esophagus.

Tsarin ciki na wata saniya Cicatrix, labaran da littafi ba su da glanders don samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai yalwaci, suna da furotin, an tsara kuma an sarrafa su da kayan aiki.

Scar

Wannan ita ce ɗakin farko na ciki na saniya, wanda shine mafi girman girma - 100-200 lita har ma fiye. Wannan tsabar yana samuwa a gefen hagu na ɓangaren ciki, yana zaune a kusa da shi, kuma an gina ta da kwayoyin halitta wanda ke samar da kayan abinci na farko. Wuta tana ƙunshe da Layer muscular na biyu - mai tsayi da madauwari, kuma an raba kashi biyu zuwa kashi biyu. A kan mucous membrane ne mai yawa tsawon dogon centimeter papillae. A cikin wannan ciki kafin ciki ya faru har zuwa kashi 70 cikin 100 na dukan tsarin narkewa. Gyarawar abu mai bushe ya faru ne saboda haɗin gwaninta da kuma nada abincin, furotin tare da asirin kwayoyin halittu da kuma furotin.

Yana da muhimmanci! Kusan yawan kwayoyin cuta da protozoa a cikin ciki na tsohuwar maraya ya fi kilo uku. Mun gode wa wadannan kwayoyin halitta, da kuma masu sintiri da kuma cellulose sun rushe zuwa ga mai sauƙi, wanda ya ba da saniyar da ake bukata.

A sakamakon haka, wasu mahaukaci sun tashi, wani ɓangare daga abin da ake amfani da ita ta wurin bango mai bango cikin jini, sa'an nan kuma ya shiga cikin hanta, inda ya ci gaba da canji. Ana amfani da su don yin amfani da madara madara. Daga jita-jita, abinci yana shiga cikin yanar gizo ko yin rajista a cikin bakin don karawa.

Grid

A cikin grid, abincin yana soaked, fallasa zuwa microorganisms, kuma saboda aiki na tsokoki, kashi na ƙasa ya kasu zuwa manyan ɓangarori na shiga cikin littafin, kuma m, aika zuwa ga rumen. Grid ya samu sunansa saboda tsarin salula, wanda zai iya rike manyan ɓangarorin abinci. Wannan sashen na ainihi yana aikin aikin rarrabawa da kuma girmansa - har zuwa lita 10 - yana da mahimmanci ga wutan. An samo shi a cikin kirji, a gaban bala'i, daya gefen da ke shafa da diaphragm.

Bugu da ƙari, grid yana kunna tsarin ƙuƙwalwa, yana wucewa da ƙwayoyin da aka rushe kuma ya dawo da manyan mutane zuwa ga esophagus sannan kuma a cikin ɓangaren murya.

Muna ba ku shawara kuyi la'akari da siffofin tsarin, wuri da ayyuka na zuciya, nono, horns, hakora, idanu na shanu.

Littafin

Wannan ɗakin tare da ƙarar lita 10-20 an yi shi ne don yin amfani da kayan abinci mai mahimmanci, da dabbobi suka sake hayewa bayan da ake cin nama. An located a cikin rami na ciki a dama, a yankin 7-9 gefuna na dabba. Wannan ravine ya sami sunansa saboda tsarin tsarin mucous membrane, wanda shine yawancin launi a cikin takarda.

Wannan ɓangare na ciki yana ci gaba da aiwatar da ƙwayoyin fiber na ƙwayar da suke ciki, inda zafin su na ƙarshe ya faru kuma ya juya zuwa mush, shiga cikin abomasum.

Abomasum

A rennet ne mai gaskiya ciki, da gland ci gaba da samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace madara, kunshi na hydrochloric acid, pepsin, trypsin da kuma sauran wasu enzymes. A karkashin rinjayar su, ƙaddamar da abinci na ƙarshe ya riga ya wuce.

Abomasum tare da ƙarar lita 5-15 yana samuwa a cikin yankin na ciki a dama, yana zaune a cikin yankuna na tsakiya na tsakiya na 9-12.

Yana da mahimmancin aiki a cikin calves, tun da sauran ciki bai riga ya shiga ba. Kafin cin abinci mai karfi, abincin ruwa - madara - nan da nan ya shiga ciki ta ciki ta hanyar gutter.

Sai kawai daga mako na uku, lokacin da manyan kayan aiki suka bayyana a cikin abincin abincin yara, an fara kirkira, microflora yana da yawa, da kuma yadda ake yin amfani da fermentation.

Ƙananan hanji

Ana fitowa daga cikin ciki, abinci mai sarrafawa ya shiga cikin ƙananan hanji, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan sassa uku:

duodenum (90-120 cm);
jejunum (35-38 m);
ileum (kimanin 1 m).

A nan, ana sarrafa kayan abinci da juices da bile na pancreatic, kuma ana amfani da kayan abinci a cikin jini. Ƙananan hanji yana samuwa a hannun dama na hypochondrium kuma yana zuwa cikin 4th lumbar vertebra. Kwanan ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar tsohuwar tsohuwar maraƙi shine 4.5 cm, kuma tsawonsa har zuwa miliyon 46. An rufe ɗakunan ciki da kananan zaruruwa, saboda abin da yankin da ingancin shafan ya ƙaruwa.

Shin kuna sani? An tilasta shanu su zama 'yan dabbobi. Ba su da sauri gudu daga abokan gaba kuma ba su da kwarewa ko karfi, saboda haka suka ci gaba da cin abincin su: haɗiye da sauri, ba suyi ba, kuma su ci kuma suyi kwatsam a cikin yanayi mai sanyi.

Enzymes cewa pancreas da na hanji ganuwar secrete tsari carbohydrates, fats da kuma gina jiki. Bile, shigar da duodenum ta hanyar kwalliyar bile, yana taimakawa wajen shayar mai da kuma shirya samfurori na narkewa don sha.

Babban hanji

Na gaba, abincin ya shiga cikin mallaka, wakilcin sassan na gaba:

cecum (30-70 cm);
colon (6-9 m);
madaidaicin.

Kwanta na babban hanji yana sau da yawa diamita na ƙananan, kuma babu wani nau'i a ciki.

Tasirin zanen shanu: 1 - ɓangaren pyloric na ciki; 2 - Duodenum; 3 - Jejunum; 4 - ileum; 5 - cecum; 6-10 - ma'auni; 11 - madaidaicin Cikin caecum shine sashi na farko na hanji mai girma kuma yana da tafki wanda ya kasance daga tsakiya na tsakiya na gastrointestinal. Bayan narkewar abinci a cikin abomasum da ƙananan hanji, sai ta ƙara ƙarar daɗaɗɗen ƙwayoyi a cikin wannan cak.

Sashe na gaba - haɗin - an raba shi zuwa sassa na kusa da karkace. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da narkewa da kuma shayarwa na gina jiki. Babban aikinsa shi ne kafawar rashi.

Yana da muhimmanci! Jimlar tsawon zangon shanu yana daga mita 39 zuwa 63, tare da matsakaicin mita 51. Ra'ayin tsawon jiki na saniya da kuma tsawon hanjinsa shine 1:20.

Tsarin magunguna na intestinal haifar da hanyar fermentation na carbohydrates, da kuma kwayoyin cutrefactive - halakar samfurori na karshe na gina jiki gina jiki. Ganuwar ciki na mazaunin, duk da rashin papilla da villi don shayarwa na gina jiki, samu nasarar sha ruwa da ma'adinai na ma'adinai.

Dangane da rikitarwa na peristalsis, sauran abubuwan da ke ciki na babban hanji ta hanyar mallaka shiga cikin layin madaidaicin inda yawan mutane masu yawa suka tara. Sakamakon su a cikin yanayi na waje ya faru ne ta hanyar canji - anus.

Sabili da haka, ƙwayar cuta da kuma tsarin kwayar halitta mai laushi shine sahihiyar daidaituwa. Na gode da ita, dabbobi zasu iya yin amfani da abinci mai karfi - bran da man fetur, da kuma m, mai dadi - ciyawa da hay. Kuma duk wani malfunctions ko da a cikin sashen guda ɗaya na kayan abinci zai iya nunawa a duk ƙarfin aiki.