Daga cikin lambu da kuma lambu, okra an lura da shi kamar wani abu mai ban mamaki, amma kwanan nan samun karin shahara. A mafi yawancin, wannan dandano mai dandano na kayan lambu ya rinjayi wannan kuma yiwuwar yin amfani da shi a cikin abincin abincin da ake ci.
Okra ya bayyana a Afirka, kuma a kudancin kudancin kasar, inda tsufa ya fara daruruwan shekaru da suka wuce, wasu sunaye sune sanannun hibiscus, bhindi, okra, gombo.
Menene okra: siffofin halitta na al'ada
Okra shine shekara-shekara na iyali Malvaceae. A cikin "dangantaka" kusa da ita ita ce auduga da kuma lambu mara kyau. Kamar yawancin membobin wannan iyali, okra mai tsayi ne.
Dwarf iri ba su yi girma fiye da 40 cm ba tsawo, da kuma girma su, yafi don na ado dalilai. Don samun amfanin gona shuka tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu girma zuwa mita biyu.
Okra kamar yadda ake amfani da kayan lambu a cikin abincin. A cikin abinci shine 'ya'yan itace. Wadannan suna da tsayi mai tsawo a cikin girman daga 5 zuwa 25 cm, kama da barkono mai kore. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna girma sosai da sauri, kuma idan ba a girbe su ba a tsawon shekaru 3-5, to sai su yi girma, rasa launi, dandano da halaye masu amfani.
Ana bada 'ya'yan itatuwa su yadu, musamman don tattara tsaba don dasa. Ana kuma amfani da su a magani da kuma kimiyya don samun mahimman man fetur da kofi. Za'a iya cin 'ya'yan tsaba ba tare da Peas kore ba.
Okra mai ƙarancin ruwan sanyi, amma ba ya jure jita-jita da saliniyar ƙasa. Tsire-tsire yana da tsayayyen lokaci na bushe, amma kuma yana rage adadin yawa da ingancin amfanin gona.
Okra shine al'adar zafi, a cikin wannan al'amari kusa da eggplant. Tsarin germination yana faruwa a zafin jiki ba kasa da 16 ° C, kuma yanayi mafi kyau ga ci gaban aiki da ci gaba da shuka shine 24-25 ° C. Idan yawan zazzabi ya faɗi a ƙasa da 16 ° C, ana jinkirta ci gaban okra. Frosts yana shafar al'adu a cikin hanya mai hallakaswa.
Yana da haske-da ake buƙata kuma ya amsa da kyau don watering da kuma ciyar. Idan an bayar da lokacin sanyi, to, ba tare da rufe tare da fim ba za ka iya cimma girbi mai kyau.
Okra yayi girma akan kasa. Shin, ba za a yarda da ƙarancin ƙasa mai laushi da rashin talauci ba, a cikin haske da haske a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Yawancin yawancin iri suna da furanni tare da ɗan gajeren rana.
Farawa na flowering zai iya faruwa ko da a farkon matakan ci gaban, ko da lokacin da hasken rana ya wuce ƙasa da sa'o'i 11. Tare da dogayen kasa, furanni suna shanyewa. Lokacin girma yana da watanni 3-4.
Okra yana da amfani kuma yana da gina jiki cewa ana kiran wannan shuka "mafarki mai cin ganyayyaki". 'Ya'yanta suna da babban abun ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe, alli da potassium, furotin, bitamin C, B6, K, A, fiber na abinci, kuma tare da wannan duka, kawai 31 kcal.
Abubuwan amfanoni masu amfani da okra ba su da iyakar kayan samfurori kawai. An bada shawarar musamman don ci wannan kayan lambu a wuri, saboda yana dauke da adadin acid acid. Yana da tasiri mai kyau a kan samuwar tarin hanji na amfrayo a farkon ciki.
Okra ne mai kula da yanayin jini. Gwargwadon tsire-tsire ta jikinta da kuma fiber na abincin da ake ci suna sharaɗa a cikin ƙananan hanji. Musamman shawarar da za a yi amfani da yin jita-jita tare da okra ga mutanen da ke fama da matsaloli na gastrointestinal tract.
Kwanan nan, yawancin abinci masu yawan gaske sunyi farin ciki da gaskiyar cewa irin wannan tsire-tsire a matsayin okra ne kawai samfurin da ya dace don rashin asarar da ba ta da illa ga lafiyar jiki.
Wannan babban mataimaki ne a kan yaki da cututtuka, ciwo mai tsanani kuma har ma da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Cikakken cin abinci na marasa lafiya da ke fama da atherosclerosis, da kuma ƙarfafa ganuwar ƙananan jiragen ruwa.
Okra ya kawar da tsadar cholesterol da gubobi daga jiki. Yana da sakamako mai mahimmanci game da maganin ulcers. Masana kimiyya suna gudanar da bincike mai zurfi don sanin abin da okra zai iya zama da amfani ga.
Ya bayyana cewa zai iya hana abin da ke faruwa na ciwon daji na rashin lafiya da kuma bayyanar cataracts. Kayan lambu yana aiki a matsayin likitan likitancin jima'i.
Shin kuna sani? Pods "yatsun yarinya" sun ƙunshi bitamin da yawa da abubuwa masu amfani da ilimin halittu, da 6% sukari da kuma kashi 2%.
Shuka okra daga zuriya ta hanyar shuka
Idan kun kasance mai sha'awar okra, to, noma wannan shuka mai hatsari ba daga mawuyacin hali ba ne, kawai yana da wasu nuances.
Lokaci don shuka tsaba don seedlings
Don ƙayyade ainihin lokacin dasa shuki okra abu ne mai wuya. Yawanci ana gudanar da shi a farkon lokacin rani, lokacin da ƙasa ta warke sosai, amma a tsakiyar hanya farkon wannan mataki yana da damuwa.
Kwararrun lambu shuka okra seedlings a farkon lokacin rani. A wannan lokaci, ƙasa ya kamata a warke sosai. Shuka okra seedlings da aka gudanar a cikin watan Afrilu.
Nazarin magani kafin dasa
An lalacewa da jinkirin shuka tsaba - kimanin makonni uku. Don ƙarfafa tsarin ci gaba kafin shuka yana buƙatar ku jika su a rana mai dumi.
Dama don girma seedlings
Don dasa shuki okra daga zuriya zuwa seedlings, tukunya mai kaya ko kofuna waɗanda aka yayyafa suna da kyau a matsayin wani zaɓi na kasafin kuɗi. Irin wannan karfin ya karɓa sabili da dogon tushen okra.
Wannan zai kare ku a nan gaba lokacin da kuka dasa seedlings zuwa cikin ƙasa. Ga kowane tsire-tsire, dole ne ka zaɓi ɗayan tukunya. Kwayoyin da aka yi wa tukwane suna da mummunar rayuwa, saboda tun lokacin da ake dasawa akwai matattun lalacewar tushe, kuma hakan yana haifar da dakatar da girma daga okra.
Ƙasa don seedlings
Ana buƙatar cakuda mai yalwa don albarkatun manya da ake bukata haske da m. Yana bukatar a hade shi da ma'adinai da kuma humus.
Tsarin Jini
Shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 3-4 cm.
Yanayi don shukawa da kula da albarkatu
Bayan an shuka tsaba mai kyau, sai a shayar da su a hankali don kada kasan saman duniya bai haifar da ɓawon burodi ba, kuma cewa tsire-tsire ba zai mutu saboda mummunan laima ba. Bayan kwanaki 15-20, toho na farko na okra zai bayyana.
Domin su hau a wannan lokacin, yana da muhimmanci su kiyaye su a zafin jiki na 15 ° C. Idan zazzabi yana da ƙananan, tsaba za su cigaba da sannu a hankali kuma za su kasance masu rauni. Wannan shine matakan mafi muhimmanci wanda okra ya buƙaci kulawa na musamman.
Tsarin abinci
Lokacin da tsaba sun tashi, dole ne a ciyar da kwayoyin phosphate. Zaku iya ba nitrophoska a cikin maida 1 tablespoon da lita 5 na ruwa. Duk da yake okra ya ci gaba da girma, yana buƙatar ciyar da lokaci.
Shin kuna sani? Maturra okra tsaba suna girbe a cikin wannan hanyar da za ka iya shirya wani abincin kore wanda dandana kamar kofi.
Shuka okra seedlings a kan wuri m
Bayan an ƙarfafa ƙwayoyin, za'a iya dasa shi a cikin ƙasa.
Lokaci don dasa shuki seedlings
Tunda okra shine tsire-tsire thermophilic, dasa shuki seedlings a bude ƙasa ya kamata a yi kawai lokacin da ya cika tsanani, kuma musamman lokacin da aka kawar da hadarin sanyi sanyi.
Zaɓin wuri da magabata masu kyau
Okra, ko kuma, kamar yadda ake kira a tsakanin mutanenmu, "yatsun yarinya" wata shuka mai haske ne, sabili da haka, wajibi ne a dasa shuka kawai a wuri mai dumi.
Kasashen gona don dasa shuki ya zama mai matukar arziki kuma mai arziki a cikin takin mai magani. Tsarin ƙasa mai kyau ga okra yana da lalacewa da wadatar da humus. Mafi mahimmanci, shi ke girma a cikin gadaje inda a baya cucumbers, radishes da dankali da aka dasa.
Shuka plantation seedlings
Ka tuna cewa okra baya son ƙyama, saboda haka kana buƙatar dasa shi a matsayin kadan a tsakanin kansu. Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire ya zama fiye da 30 cm, kuma tsakanin layuka cikin 50 cm.
Kulawa da kuma namun kayan lambu
Yadda za a yi girma okra a filin bude ta samar da shi dace da kulawa da kyau, za mu gaya kara.
Watering, weeding da loosening tsakanin layuka
Okre bukatar matsakaici watering. Tsarkewa ko kuma, akasin haka, ƙasa mai busasshiyar ƙasa tana rinjayar ci gaba da bunƙasa ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire. Okra yana da tsayi sosai, saboda haka ya kamata a tsabtace kasar gona a zurfin har zuwa 40 cm.
Duk da rashin lafiya na fari, a lokacin zafi mai zafi yana bukatar a shayar da shi har ma da yawa. Amma tuna cewa an yi amfani da danshi a cikin ƙasa kuma ba a yarda da shi ba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan "yatsun yatsunsu" suka yi girma a cikin yanayi na greenhouse, to, ana dakin dakin a kai a kai. Wannan zai karfafa yanayin zazzabi da zafi.A lokacin girma, ka kula da okra. Dole ne ku ciyar da abinci akai-akai, don yalwata aisles kuma a lokacin zuwa sako. Waɗannan su ne ainihin yanayin da cikakken girma da ingancin okra zasu dogara.
Domin tsire-tsire za ta rika haɓaka sosai, kuma gaɓoɓin tsire-tsire suna girma sosai, kana buƙatar raba tsaka-tsalle mai tsayi na babban lokacin da suka kai kimanin cm 40. Lokacin da okra ke girma sosai, za ku buƙaci gina wani goyon baya ga shi. Yayinda suke girma don goyon baya na gina jiki.
Shin kuna sani? A dandano okra ne kama da zucchini da kore kirtani wake.
Fertilizing
Ciyar "Ladies yatsunsu" ya kamata a hada ma'adinai da takin mai magani. Sakamakon shi ne kamar haka: 2 tablespoons da lita 10 na ruwa. A cikin yanayi mai kyau, an gabatar da potassium nitrate a cikin asalin.
Yakin da cututtuka da kwari
Mealy dew wani furanni mai farin ciki yana rufe bishiyoyin okra a bangarorin biyu, a hankali yana motsawa zuwa wasu sassa na shuka. Wannan cututtukan yana rage damar samin photosynthesis, sakamakon abin da ganye ya bushe, an katse sautin itace, kuma a sakamakon haka, idan aka bari ba shi da kyau, ya mutu. Magunguna suna tsira da hunturu a kan ragowar shuka.
Matakan sarrafawa: Ya kamata a cire sharan gona a cikin lokaci mai dacewa kuma a sanya shi a takin gargajiya na musamman, kazalika ya kamata a lura da tsinkayen gona mai kyau. Mataki na gaba shine a lalata kaya, kuma idan okra yana girma a cikin greenhouse, to sai ku gudanar da hanya a cikinta. A ƙarshen zamani masu cin ganyayyaki, ana buƙatar ginin gine-gine da burbushin sulfur a rana daya a rabon 30 g / m3. Doors da vents dole ne a kulle kuma shãfe haske.
A cikin matakan rigakafi, kafin shuka, dole ne a yi amfani da tsaba na okra a cikin wani bayani na Fitosporin M (1.5-2 g da 1 l na ruwa). Zai yiwu a lokacin girma girma don yin motsa jiki tare da "Kumuros", "Tiovit Jet" (2-3 g / l na ruwa), colloid gris (4 g / l), da kuma na ƙarshe a kan rana kafin girbi tare da Topaz (2 ml / l na ruwa) ko "Haɗuwa" (5 ml / l).
Idan cutar ta ci gaba sosai, to dole a sake maimaita hanya a cikin kwana bakwai, amma ba fiye da sau biyar ba. Ƙararrakin karshe a wannan yanayin an yi kwanaki uku kafin girbi. Ka yi kokarin cire duk ɓangaren da ke girma kusa da okra, domin su ne farkon da za su kamu da cutar da fatayyar cuta da kuma dauke da cutar zuwa amfanin gona.
Brown tabo yana rinjayar okra, yana girma a yanayin shudura, idan yana da yawa sosai. Ƙananan ɓangaren ganye an rufe shi da rawaya rawaya, da ƙananan fungal mai haske, wanda ƙarshe ya zama launin ruwan kasa. A cikin tsire-tsire mai tsanani da ake sakawa, ganye suna bushe. Har ila yau, maharan sun shafe kan magungunan okra.
Matakan sarrafawa: Kada ka ƙyale girma na tsawon lokaci na okra a wuri guda, gwada ƙoƙarin canza shi tare da masu dacewa. Yi fitar da cututtukan greenhouses da sulfur dioxide a cikin kaka. Kula da zafi a cikin girasar a cikin 75% ta hanyar sarrafa iska.
Idan ka lura da alamun farko na launin ruwan kasa, yayyafa kirfa decoction (200 g da 1 lita na ruwa) ko tafarnuwa cloves jiko (15 g da 1 l). Don ci gaba da mafita kamar yadda zai yiwu a kan ganyen tsirrai kuma kada ku kashe, ƙara sabulu a gare su.
Thrips - ƙananan kwari waɗanda suke tsira da hunturu a cikin sharan gona a cikin ƙasa. Kwayoyin okra daga buransu sun kasance sun rufe jikin spots, sa'an nan kuma juya launin ruwan kasa da bushe.
Matakan sarrafawa:
Cire tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire a ƙarshen kaka da kuma disinfect greenhouses. Idan thrips sun bayyana, amfani da infusions da decoctions na shuke-shuke insecticidal: farin mustard tsaba - 10 g / l, m barkono - 50 g / l, yarrow - 80 g / l, citrus kwasfa - 100 g / l, 500 g / l mai dadi-bitten l Don ci gaba da bayani a kan tsire-tsire ya fi tsayi, ƙara sabulu zuwa ruwa a rabon 40 g / 10 l.
A lokacin girma, zaka iya yin amfani da kwayoyi: "Spark-bio" (10 ml / l) da kuma "Inta C-M" tare da wani lokaci na kwanaki 15. Ya kamata a dauki magani na karshe a cikin kwanaki 3 kafin girbi.
Kayan kabeji - murfin dare tare da fuka-fuki na har zuwa mita 5. Yana da launi daban-daban: daga kore zuwa launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa. Caterpillars sune manyan, kore tare da rawaya mai launin rawaya a bangarorin. Suna bayyana a watan Mayu kuma suna fama da yunwa sosai. Suna cinye dukkanin ganye, suna bar kawai a cikin kwakwalwa.
Matakan sarrafawa:
Ya kamata a cire sharan gona a cikin lokaci mai dacewa kuma a sanya takin gargajiya tare da shirye-shiryen microbiological. Kuna iya shuka tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu kusa wanda zai jawo hankalin masu cin nama na kabeji.
A matsayin ma'auni m, a cikin kaka kuna buƙatar tono zurfin ƙasa kuma kada ku manta game da fasahar aikin noma na noma. Idan caterpillars ba su da yawa, za a iya tara su ta hannun su kuma halakar. Idan akwai mai yawa daga cikinsu, to, ya kamata mutum ya nemi "Bitoxibacillin" ko "Lepidocide" a rabon 50 g da 10 na ruwa.
Slugs halakar da matasa okra, musamman ma a lokutan zafi. Suna cinye ganye da ovaries na okra, suna barin silvery traces. Bugu da kari, slugs ne kuma masu sufurin na launin ruwan kasa da downy mildew. Matakan sarrafawa: Tsaftace tsabta a tsakanin layuka da noma ƙasar, samar da tsarin lumpy. Yayyafa da jere na ash, superphosphate ko lemun tsami.
Wurin wuri ba inda okra ke tsiro, tare da abinci mai ƙanshi irin su giya. Akwai kuma za su jawo slugs. Sada okra da 10% bayani na ammoniya kuma yayyafa miyagun ƙwayoyi "Meta" a cikin kudi na 30-40 g / m2.
Shin kuna sani? Okra ya sake dawo da jiki bayan aiki ko rashin lafiya.
Girbi
Wasu nau'o'in okra zasu iya daukar 'ya'ya a cikin' yan watanni bayan dasa. An girbe su ba tare da dadewa ba lokacin da tsayinsu bai wuce 9 cm ba.
Yawancin lokaci manyan ƙurar suna da ƙwayar fibrous, amma tare da fasahohin gona da kyau da yanayin yanayin da ke dadi suna iya zama m da dadi. Zaka iya duba "yatsun yatsun" don amfani ta hanyar cirewa ƙarshen kwafin. A cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu overripe, wannan ba zai yi aiki ba.
Yana da muhimmanci! A kan okra akwai ƙananan gashi wanda zai sa jiki fata a lokacin girbi. Yi amfani da safofin hannu ko masu safofin hannu.Tsari mafi kyau don tattara kowane kwana uku. Mafi yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu dadi waɗanda aka tsage.
Okra na iya haifar da 'ya'yan itace har zuwa farkon yanayin sanyi. Don samun tsaba wasu 'yan kwaskwarima, bar har sai cikakke cikakke. Kada ku ci gaba da 'ya'yan itace mai tsawo. Yana da shawara don shirya su nan da nan.
Yawancin lokaci, sun rasa dandano, sun zama m da fibrous. A cikin firiji, za'a iya kiyaye okra har zuwa kwanaki 6, kuma a cikin injin daskarewa don wasu watanni.
