Furanni tulips

Turkawa sun fara dasa furannin tulip a cikin karni na 16. Tuni a karni na gaba, tsire-tsire sun faɗi a cikin Holland kuma suna fara zagayen nasara na Turai. Zai yi wuya a iya tunanin yanzu yankuna na kewayen birni inda ba za a fasa wannan al'ada ba.

Babban bayani

Tushewar bullous perenni na dangin Liliaceae ya shahara sosai a zanen fili, tare da daffodils da hyacinths. Kuna iya samun tsirrai a cikin daji.

Idan tsirar tulips kawai ƙarni 4 ne, to, magabatan su sun fi shekaru miliyan 12 da haihuwa. Yankunan arewacin Iran suna dauke da asalin furen. Tsire-tsire na Geophyte suna jin daɗi a kan tsaunin tsaunin Tien Shan da Pamirs.

Godiya ga mutane, an sami yalwar mazaunin tulips da sauran wurare masu nisa. Ana iya samun tsire-tsire a cikin tudu, ƙananan wurare har ma da wuraren hamada. A herbaceous perennial adapts da kyau a cikin bushe yanayin zafi na kudu, a zare jiki na yarda da sanyi winters na arewacin yankunan (Siberia, da Urals).

Menene tulips yi kama?

Ulian itace da kuma ƙanƙanin fararen ƙananan ƙananan furanni ne na launin shuɗi-launin shuɗi ko Lilac. Noma zai iya zama kamar 10 cm, kuma ya kai mita 1. Furen fure mai suna Tulip, ya danganta da nau'in halitta, ya ɗauki sikiran:

• goblet;
• tauraro
• siffar Lily
• terry;
• m;
• parrot;
• cuff.

Baya ga nau'i, launin canza launi ya bambanta tsakanin fure. Tuli na gargajiya sune ruwan hoda, amma zaku iya samun fari, rawaya, Lilac har ma da launin shuɗi-baki.

An dasa shuka ta hanyar nau'i na musamman na ingantaccen tushe. Dukkan gabobi suna samuwa ne a cikin kwan fitila mai zuwa. Barwa da farfaɗowa zasu rabu da shi. Corolla da perianth sun hada da hannun jari, adadin wanda yake mai yawa ne na 6. Wannan adadin a kan fure na stamens. Kwaro yana da disigma mai 3-ruwa.

Lokacin da tulips Bloom

Tulips da daffodils galibi suna kusa da gadajen fure a kusa kuma sune furannin bazara. Dangane da lokacin fure, ana rarraba tsire-tsire zuwa rukuni:

1. farkon kamshi na fure yana farawa a cikin Maris kuma yana farantawa ido har zuwa farkon Mayu; An rarrabashi cikin azuzuwan 2: sauƙaƙe tulips da terry;
2. tsakiyar fure lokacin karshen Afrilu da Mayu; wadannan sun hada da Mendelevs da Triumphs, da kuma darikun Darwin;
3. za a iya girmama furanni a ƙarshen rabin Mayu; wannan rukunin ya fi dacewa a cikin azuzuwan: ba sau biyu (Darwinov, Briderov, mai amfani da yawa), Liliaceae, Fringed, Ganye, Rembrandt, Parrot, Terry.

Masu sana'a sun bambanta wani rukuni na tulips wanda yake kusa da halaye na tsire-tsire na daji. An rarrabasu cikin azuzuwan matasan da waɗancan nau'ikan da suka yi kama da na asali. Babban lokacin buɗe su shine Afrilu-Mayu.

Sanin lokacin da tulips Bloom, zaka iya shuka iri daban-daban daga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban akan gado na fure a lokaci guda. Wannan zai ba ku damar jin daɗin kyawawan launuka daga farkon bazara zuwa farkon bazara.

Iri da nau'ikan tulips

Tulips suna da irin wannan al'adar dabam dabam da masana ba su da jituwa kan yadda za a rarrabe wadannan tsirrai. Baya ga rarrabuwa ta hanyar kwanakin fure, ana rarraba nau'ikan tulip bisa ga halaye gama gari. Ofayansu shine tsarin furen.

Peony tulips

A buds daga cikin wannan nau'in, lalle, daga nesa kama peonies. An bambanta bambance-bambancen ba kawai da siffar fure ba, har ma da asalin launi:

• Royal Acres yana da launuka masu launin shuɗi mai haske;
• Monte Carlo yana da fure mai launin shuɗi;
• a Khumilis Tet-a-tet, an nuna alamun jan kunne a saman;
• launin shuɗi-orange mai son sha'awa ana kwatanta shi da kan iyaka;
• fararen furannin fure mai launin "Cartouche" suna da kyan gani tare da ratsin ruwan hoda mai haske;
• a cikin ruwan hoda mai launin fari da fari Angelica, za a iya ganin rarar kore a jikin furannin da ke ƙasa;
• San Lavv mai zurfi mai haske yana cike da farin jijiyoyin jini.

Abu ne mai sauki ka gauraye furen roba mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da Toch Dream tare da furannin daji na dangi ɗaya.

Terry Tulips

A zahiri, waɗannan furanni iri ɗaya ne mai furen fure, sun bambanta da tulips masu sauƙi a cikin tsarin abubuwan fure a cikin layuka da yawa. An tsara Terry tulips cikin rukuni-rukuni zuwa farkon da na marigayi.

Iri na tulips tare da inflorescences masu yawa-madaidaici

Digiri	Siffofin	Lokacin tashi
Da wuri
"Mr. van der Hoof"	Yana kaiwa tsayin 0.2-0.4 m. Yana ba da furanni masu launin shuɗi 10 - 10 cm a diamita	Ofarshen Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu
Murillo	Kallon faranti ba kawai ya kai tsawon 40 cm ba. A farkon inflorescence su farare ne da launi, a ƙarshen ƙasan sun sami launin ruwan hoda
Electra	Karamin karami (daga 20 zuwa 40 cm) an sa masa kambi tare da ɗanɗano-ja, matsakaicin diamita wanda shine 10 cm
Daga baya
Cinya Tom	An kafa inflorescence na duhu mai duhu tare da kirim akan kara 0.3-0.4 m	Ofarshen Mayu - farkon watan Yuni
Don Pedro	Itace rabin mita ya ba da inflorescence na sihiri mai launi na ruwan lemo-lilac tare da cibiyar launin ruwan kasa
Dilinburg	Daidaitaccen babban fure - har zuwa 70 cm ba tsayi. Ya yi fice tare da launi mai hade a ruwan lemo da na wayoyi rasberi.	Ofarshen may
Dutsen Tecom	Matsakaicin matsakaitan tsirrai shine 0.4-0.5 m.	Kashi na farko na may
"Symphony"	Samu kusan tsayin rabin mita. Yana ba da matsakaici-sized (har zuwa 9 cm a diamita) infan itacen rasberi mai haske	Tsakanin may

Ainihin ado na zane-zanen ƙasa zai zama nau'ikan terry densely mai yawa "Lambar Gwal" tare da inflorescences rawaya mai launin zinare da carmine-ja "Cox".

Botanical tulips

Wannan rukunin rukuni ne na musamman wanda aka haɗa da tulips na halitta. Iri daban-daban halaye ne na tsirrai daji. Tsire-tsire ba su da ma'ana a cikin namo, saboda haka ana amfani da su sau da yawa don yin ado da lambuna masu dutse da nunin faifai.

Tsarin ilimin halittar jiki

Don fahimtar yadda irin waɗannan tulips suke kama, ya isa ka tuna waɗancan tsire-tsire da aka samo a cikin daji. Ana iya kiran su da gaskiya dwarfs - yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan da suka kai girman 20 cm.

Duk da "rashin kulawa" asalin nau'ikan, mazauna bazara suna ƙaunar haɓakar ƙwayoyin Botanical. Da farko dai, yana jan launuka iri-iri, da kuma ganyayyaki masu kyau na wasu nau'in halittu.

Yawancin nau'ikan Botanical

A cikin yanayin daji na Rasha akwai tulips na Turkestan, Lipsky, Batalin, gandun daji, sautin biyu, nuna. A cikin yankuna na kewayen birni, sun fi girma girma hybrids tare da halayen tsire-tsire daji.

Iri Botanical Tulips

Take	Bayanin
Alberta	Dwarf yana da haɓakar tsiro da ganyayyaki. Single furanni, orange-ja launi tare da baki baki
Girma	Kuna iya gano ta ta hanyan ganye. Furanni suna da girma, tare da fadi da fadi da kadan lanƙwasa. Suna da launi daban-daban ("Tango" orange-Scarlet, "Pandur" hade biyu sautin haske mai launin rawaya tare da jan carmine ja)
Kaufman	Pritty squat shuke-shuke. Ana yin kwalliyar furen-fure mai launin shuɗi-kore. Ganyen Perianth a ciki sune launin rawaya ko fari, wani lokacin tare da iyaka. Furanni masu launin tauraruwa sun bambanta da launi. Abin da zai kasance ya dogara da iri-iri ("Brillan" mai ruwan hoda mai duhu, "Robert Schumann" rawaya, "Eliot" fari)
Iya	Daga cikin sauran dwarfs ana ɗauka a matsayin "giant" - yana girma zuwa rabin m. Tulip yana da kara mai ƙarfi, tare da saman duhu. An rarrabe ta da ganye mai fadi, fure mai elongated da perianths kararrawa. Furen furanni za'a iya fentin su a cikin launin ja ("Cantata") ko ruwan lemo ("Juan"). A wannan yanayin, ofasan da toho ya kasance rawaya ko launin shuɗi mai duhu
Eichler	A “jaririn”, karar innalin ya lullube a bayan kunkuntar, kadan ya bushe. An kwance faranti ta iyakar iyaka Kadayan furanni masu kararrawa masu karko suna da babban tushe tare da tsinkaye mara zurfi a tsakiya. Budsarshe suna da duhu zuwa ƙasa da kan iyakar rawaya a saman

Hakanan mutum na iya haɗuwa da kyakkyawan tulip. A cikin nau'in, ba wai kawai tushe ba, har ma ganye suna da matukar inganci. Daga 1 zuwa 3 (wasu lokuta 5) furanni na inuwa mai kama daga ruwan lemu-zinare zuwa duhu mai duhu ana yin su akan daji.

Fasaha mai tasowa

Tsarin-mataki-mataki algorithm da aka amfani dashi ga tulips tare da siffofin halitta ba wani banbanci da wanda ake amfani dashi don nau'in kayan ado. Yawan aiki ya hada da wadannan abubuwan:

• Bayan shuka ya bushe kuma tushe ya bushe, tono tulip ɗin ya buƙaci a haƙa sama ya bushe a kan takarda da aka shimfiɗa a kan tebur;
• har sai an dasa, albasa, a tsabtace daga sikeli, a ajiye shi cikin duhu, wuri mai sanyi;
• dasa a cikin ƙasa buɗe a cikin kaka (kusa da sanyi), zaɓar yankin da ke da lit da ƙasa mai toka;
• saboda kada tsirrai su tsani juna da ci gaban juna, suna kiyaye tsarin dasawa:

1. nisa tsakanin ramuka cm 7-10 (zaka iya aunawa da tafin hannunka);
2. kwan fitilar mahaifa yana zurfafa da 15 cm;
3. babban jariri - 10 cm;
4. ƙarami - 4-5 cm;
5. idan ƙasa ta yi yashi, to ya kamata a ƙara ƙarin zurfin 2 cm 2 ga abubuwan da aka nuna;

• a kan kasa kasa, an bada shawarar ciyar da shuka nan da nan (amma ba za ku iya amfani da taki).

Sabili da haka, kada ku yi mamakin lokacin da za su yi ta tono daffodils da tulips. Idan tsohon na iya kasancewa ya zauna tsawon shekaru a cikin ƙasa ba tare da nuna son kai ba ga ado, to, ana iya cire kwararan fitilar daga ƙasa a kowace bazara (a watan Yuni).

Cutar da kwari

Botanical iri suna dauke Hardy shuke-shuke da babban rigakafi da cututtuka. Amma a wasu lokuta zaku iya lura da tufka da ratsi a cikin ganyayyaki, wanda ke nuna matsala irin su variegation. A vector na iya haifar da wata cuta - aphids.

Akwai wasu matsaloli da furanni na wannan rukunin suka fallasa su:

• idan ganyayyaki ya juya ya zama ja ya bushe, zaku iya zarga da beyar, da irin ƙwaro, ko kuma albasa mai ƙwaya;
• idan daukacin ƙasa ya fara lalacewa kuma ya zama an rufe shi da abin shuɗi, wannan alama ce ta cin nasara daga fusarium;
• nematode yana cin tushen, yana haifar da lalacewar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Idan har yanzu ana iya sarrafa kwari tare da kwayoyi na musamman, to, ya kamata a cire tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da fungi daga gadon filawa tare da dunƙule keɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa. Da ɗan lalacewa ganye za a iya pruned da furanni bi da tare da fungicides.

Yaren mutanen Holland

Babban aikin akan zaɓi na wannan shuka ana aiwatar dashi a cikin Netherlands (ba don komai ba cewa ana ɗaukar furanni alama ce ta wannan ƙasar). A zahiri, duk tulips ana iya kiransa Dutch. Godiya ga Lambun Botanical na Dutch, sun zama sananne a duk faɗin duniya. Daga nan ne, nau'ikan farko suka fara yaduwa a cikin nahiyoyi.

<

Arnuka da yawa da suka gabata, ƙasar Scandinavia ba ta da “rashin lafiya” tare da cutar tulip, kuma farashin iskar gas ɗin ya yi yawa. Amma da zaran shayarwa 'suka ci gaba' narkar da furanni masu ban sha'awa, sai farin ciki ya yi kasa, guguwar ta bar Holland, da fara tafiya a duniya.

Ana ci gaba da gabatar da sabbin iri na asali ga masu lambu ta hanyar magabatanta na Netherlands. Godiya ga ƙoƙarin su, buds suna zuwa cikin inuwa mai launi daban-daban.

Mai bakin ciki

Za a iya kiran tulips na shuɗi a matsayin yanayi, saboda a cikin tsarin chromosome na shuka babu ɗan adon dolphinidin. Wasu nau'ikan launuka masu launin shuɗi ko ruwan lemo a ƙarƙashin wani haske na haske suna jefa shuɗi ko shuɗi (alal misali, "Cikakkiyar Horon") ko "Blue Ribbon", "Blue Parrot").

M

Wannan launi iri-iri na buds ana iya samunsu cikin gadaje masu yawa na lambu. M tulips m suna da launi daban-daban: daga haske mai laushi zuwa duhu mai zurfi (kusan baki). Shahararrun nau'ikan sune Sarauniyar Dare, Kayan garaje mai ban sha'awa, Waf fari, da Black Hiro.

<

Multi-flowered tulips

Yawanci, kwan fitila yana jefa tulip ɗaya. Amma akwai furanni iri iri na daji. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna kama da sabon abu - akwai jin kamar dai duk wata bouquet ta makale a cikin ƙasa.

Multicolor tulips ba su tsaya a matsayin daban-daban kungiyar ba. Nau'in na farko mallakar rukunin plantsan tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire masu fure tare da furanni masu sauƙi. Yanzu fringed da terry hybrids tare da matsakaita lokacin fure ya bayyana. Mafi shahararrun daga cikinsu sune nau'ikan da aka yiwa alama "Kayan".

<

Rashin kyau na daji tulips shine saurin rikicewa. Idan a farkon shekarar da kwan fitila ya ba da lush lush, to, a cikin shekaru biyu ko da guda ɗaya buds bazai iya yin fure ba koda da kyakkyawar kulawa.

Kudin tulip

Daga cikin nau'ikan tulips, sunan "Urushalima" baya cikin hukuma. Yana yiwuwa 'yan lambu na mai son suna tsire-tsire don suna girma a ko'ina cikin Isra'ila. A low kyau tulips da manyan sauki ja buds. Hakanan zaka iya samun dwarfs mai launin shuɗi da tsire-tsire masu yawa.

<

Liliaceae ya zama al'adun da aka fi sani don mazauna bazara. Yanzu tambayar ba ta tashi ba nawa kudin tulips yake. Ko da kwararan fitila na sababbin nau'ikan suna da farashi mai araha. Kuna iya samun riƙe da furanni na kyauta kyauta har ma da maƙwabta. Sabili da haka, ana girma tulips ko'ina don yin ado na lambu ko kuma a yanka a cikin bouquets.