Menene gladiolus? Kyakyawan sarauta na fure na wannan tsiron ba zai bar kowa ya shagala ba. Alherin shakatawa da kayan kwalliya na kwalliya suna jan ido da kuma ado rayuwa. Hadaddiyar launuka masu ban sha'awa suna sa hassada ga mai zane. Florists ba su gushe ba don ƙirƙirar sababbin furanni masu ban mamaki na wannan fure mai ban mamaki.
Me furanni da daɗi suka yi kama?
Furen furannin Gladiolus suna cikin dangin Iris. Bayanin Gladiolus shine tsire-tsire na fure mai tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire. Wurin zama yankuna ne da keɓaɓɓun yanki na Afirka, yankin Bahar Rum, Kudancin Turai, Caucasus, da Tsakiyar Asiya. Ta hanyar tsallake nau'in Africanan Afirka da na Turai, an sami yawancin nau'in shuka iri.
A alatu na blooming gladioli
Menene gladiolus yayi kama? Tana da tsawon ganyayyaki 40-80 cm xiphoid kore ganye da aka nuna a ƙarshen, yana girma daga tushe. Suna rufe kusan madaidaiciya kara har zuwa 1.5 m high tare da inflorescence a cikin nau'i na kunne located a cikin babba sashin. Yawan furanni na iya kai 20, yawan su yana da wuya kuma mai yawa. Girman fure tare da furanni shida a cikin siffar murfin ciki ya kasance daga 5 zuwa 15 cm.Wal ɗin ya zama na talakawa ne ko na gogo, waje. A palet ɗin ya haɗa da launuka duka: daga fari zuwa shunayya mai zurfi. Akwai furanni masu kauri da waɗanda a cikinsu aka haɗa launuka iri-iri.
Shahararrun nau'ikan
Mafi mashahuri sune nau'in matasan masu tsayi tare da manyan furanni. Dangane da siffar furen, sun kasu kashi biyu:
- Malam Buɗe Ido - sun cika furen furanni a hankali tare da ainihin launi na pharynx.
- Primrose - har zuwa 80 cm tsayi, furanni ba kasala suke ba. Manyan fure na sama ya kai cm 8 cm, tsayinsa na rataye kamar hood.
An rarraba furanni na Gladiolus da girma zuwa aji 5 tare da fihirisa na 100-500:
- (100) Karamin - kasa da 6.5 cm. Tsawon - har zuwa 60 cm, a cikin inflorescence na triangular ko prerose mai siffa 15-16 kananan furanni tare da karammiski, sau da yawa corrugated petals. An bred don girma cikin kwantena. Smallestaramin ƙananan sune ƙananan Walder (karamin mu'ujiza) da Vi Volder (ƙaramin mu'ujiza) tare da furanni ruwan hoda har zuwa 5 cm.
- (200) -an karamin-fure - 6.5-9 cm, a kyakkyawa ba ƙasa da iri zuwa manyan furanni. A cikin iri-iri na Cézan, furanni suna da haske ja tare da rawaya mai launin rawaya da wuri mai duhu akan furen. Haske mai rawaya mai haske tare da tabo mai ceri Wadannan darussan guda biyu suna da fa'ida idan aka kwatanta da manyan tsire-tsire masu ruwa: a lokaci guda suna da ƙarin furanni a buɗe, tushe baya buƙatar garter, lokacin fure yana da wuri, suna tsayayya da zafin rana da ruwan sama.
- (300) Tsakanin fure-fure - 9,5.5 cm Albat iri-iri tare da tabo mai launin kore a kan fararen fure. Arab Knight yana da burgundy mai ratsa jiki da furanni rasberi. Elegy yana da duhu mai launin shuɗi.
Larabawa Knight Charm
- (400) Manyan furanni - 11.6-14 cm. Wakilcin iri daban-daban: Amethyst - ruwan hoda mai cike da duhu ja da dashes, Don Quixote furanni furanni ne mai duhu mai duhu.
- (500) Giant - fiye da 14 cm. Suna da tushe mai ƙarfi, an rufe su da manyan furanni a cikin nau'i na ƙyalƙyali masu zafi, wanda suka sami sunan - bugun buɗe ido na barkono. Suna fara yin fure a farkon lokacin bazara kuma suna riƙe da fure har tsakiyar kaka. Farin cikin farin yana da farin farin launi na 15 cm a diamita, tsawo na inflorescence har zuwa 1 m.
Tsarkake tsarkin farin ciki
Rashin saurin launin kore mai rawaya-kore na fure-fure na Green Star saboda kamanninsu na asali, dogayen fure a tsakanin lambu sun sami taken "tauraron". Tsayin kibiya zai wuce 1 m.
Original launi inflorescences Green Star
Annuals
Gladiolus shine tsire-tsire na perennial, amma baya jure sanyi. Yankin hunturu a Rasha bai dace da girma gladiolus a matsayin shuka mai tsiro ba. A cikin kaka an haƙa shi, an adana shi har sai an dasa bazara kuma a sake dasa shi, yana girma a matsayin shekara-shekara.
Perennial
Perennial ne daji gladioli. Gladiolus (ko skewer) imbricate (Gladiolus imbricatus) yana jure yanayin hunturu na Moscow ba tare da mafaka ba. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, ya samar da inflorescences da yawa daga furanni 3-7 na launuka masu ruwan hoda ko ruwan hoda-violet.
The Byzantine gladiolus (G. Bizantinus) shima sanyi ne mai jure sanyi. Furanni sune ƙananan shunayya, suna juyawa cikin rasberi tare da farin jijiya. Kasancewar an dasa shi a cikin fili, ba ya buƙatar a haƙa shi a cikin fall kuma an rufe shi don hunturu.
Dwarf
Wadannan nau'ikan suna da fa'ida: suna da karami, da wuri, da wuri, basa buƙatar tallafi. Suna da tsayin daka mai tsafta wanda ya kai 60 cm, furanni masu asymmetrical har zuwa 10 a cikin inflorescence.
Akwai nau'ikan launi iri ɗaya:
- "Fara'a" - ruwan hoda;
- "Jade" mai launin shuɗi ne.
Kuma sautin biyu:
- "Nymph" ja da fari.
- "Sunmaid" mauve ne.
Informationarin bayani! Kwanan nan, masu shayarwa na Dutch sun bred da sabon rukuni na dwarf gladioli har zuwa tsayi 50 cm. Ba su dace da yankan ba, amma suna da kyau a kan gadajen fure.
Da launi
Ta launi, nau'ikan matasan sun kasu kashi biyu:
- Red gladioli - Baccarat, Zulu.
- Burgundy - Farar Blackwalwa.
- Pink - Prague.
- Farar fata - Tampere.
- Ganye - Green Star.
- Rawaya - Jester.
- Brown, smoky - Torino.
- Blue - Gates na aljanna.
- Baƙar fata - Ebony Beauty.
Baya ga waɗannan, akwai rasberi, kifin kifi, lemo, shuɗi, ruwan lemo, shuɗi.
Siffar gefuna na fure
A bayyanar, zaren na iya zama:
- Mai Sauƙi;
- Terry;
- Fikihu;
- Rage;
- Karkace.
By tsari na furanni a inflorescence
Tsarin furanni ya faru:
- Layi guda;
- Layi biyu;
- Wata kuma zigzag a cikin karkace.
Lokacin ruwa
Iri iri-iri sun kasu kashi biyu lokacin da gladioli Bloom, kirguwa ya kasance daga ranar dasa:
Gudun ruwa
- Farkon fure - fure yana farawa a kwanaki 71-74.
- Early - Bloom a ranar 80th bayan dasa:
- "Ranar May" wata matsala ce mai jaka biyu-biyu mai tsananin launi.
- “Farkon dusar ƙanƙara” - furanni fararen furanni masu farin fari.
- Matsakaici - fara farawa a ranar 90th. Misali, Fararen Dutse farar fata fararen fata ne da ke da furanni masu tsami.
- Daga baya - Bloom a ranar 100 bayan dasa shuki. "Sama" babban ƙaren fure ne na manyan furanni masu fure tare da ƙananan bishiyoyi masu rahusa da ruwan rafi mai zurfi akan babba.
Lokacin tashi
Yaushe gladioli yayi fure bayan dasawa? Lokacin hurawa ya dogara da iri-iri, yanayin yankin, dasa lokaci. Yaushe gladioli Bloom? Nau'in nau'ikan da suka fara tashi a ƙarshen Yuli, matsakaici - a ƙarshen watan Agusta - farkon Satumba. Daga baya nau'in an rufe shi da inflorescences a ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba. Lokacin dasa shuki yana baka damar samun farkon fure, tare da dasa shuki a ƙarshen saurin furanni.
Informationarin bayani! Dasa latti zai iya haifar da gladiolus ba Bloom.
Yadda za a hanzarta da fure na gladioli
Kuna iya hanzarta dasa fure ta dasa shuki da kwararan fitila akan shuki a ƙasa. Wannan hanyar girma yana ba da farkon fure, kuma inflorescence yana da ƙarfi, launinta yana da haske.
Bugu da kari, kayan shuka suna narkewa a cikin maganin ash da abubuwan gano abubuwan da suke bangare na:
- Boric acid - boron.
- Potassium permanganates - potassium, manganese.
- Sulfate na jan karfe - sulfur, jan ƙarfe.
- Magnesium sulfate - sulfur, magnesium.
- Sinadarin zinc - sulfur, zinc.
Wannan hanyar tana ba da abincin abincin shuka isa ya fara fure 2 makonni gaba da jadawalin.
Kula da Shuka
Bulbous da tsire-tsire masu tushen kusan ba sa buƙatar kulawa, waɗanda ba za a iya faɗi game da gladioli ba, waɗanda ke jiran kulawa ta koyaushe. Kulawa ya hada da:
- Danshi na yau da kullun zuwa zurfin zurfi.
- Kamawar kasar gona da kuma sako ciyawa.
- Manyan miya.
- Garter na manyan maki.
Yadda ake tsawan furanni
Don jin daɗin ɗanɗano, ba duk kwararan fitila ana shuka su a lokaci ɗaya ba, amma tare da tazara na kwanaki 15, to, lokacin furanni zai wuce.
Mahimmanci! Wajibi ne don cire furanni masu lalacewa a cikin lokaci, to, inji zai ba da dukkan ƙarfinsa ga fure, kuma ba ga tsaba da aka kafa ba, wanda zai daɗe da fure.
Yanke zuwa bouquet
Kuna iya yanke inflorescence a cikin lokaci na rabin buɗe farkon toho. A cikin yanayin zafi matsakaici kuma a cikin hadari mai girgiza, ana yin yankan a kowane lokaci na rana. Daidaitaccen yanayin yanayin zafi yana gudana ne da sanyin safiya ko da yamma, ta amfani da wuka mai kaifi.
Mahimmanci! Ragowar sashen farfajiyar ya kamata ya kasance cikin zurfi tsakanin faranti, wanda ya bar a ƙalla 4, wanda ke ba da tabbacin ci gaba da kwan fitila da ci gabanta na al'ada.
Ka’idojin asali na girma
Akwai wasu ka’idoji da za a iya bi domin cimma nasarar haɓaka fure:
- Kowane shekaru 2 suna canza wurin saukowa.
- Lokacin canzawa zuwa wani rukunin wuri, an zaɓi wurin da ƙasa bisa ga nau'in da ya bambanta da wanda ya gabata.
- Zaɓi wuri mai haske, mai iska.
- An dasa nau'ikan da suka dace da yankin.
- Kula da madaidaicin zurfin saukowa.
- Ana shayar da tsire-tsire da kuma ciyar da su.
- A kai a kai sassauta ƙasa, an girbe ciyawa.
Kula! Dole a adana kwayar corms yadda ya kamata don adana su kafin dasawa.
Zaɓin wurin zama
Furen Gladiolus shine tsire-tsire masu ƙaunar rana. Dowauki da inuwa mai juzu'i zasu sanya shi maras nauyi kuma mara nauyi, furanni zasu sanya shi rauni, ko ma ya lalata shi. Needsasa tana buƙatar sako-sako, ƙasa mai dacewa - Semi-yashi, Semi-lãka ko chernozem, tare da ƙarancin acidity. Kyakkyawan “mai ƙaddara” kayan abinci ne wanda ke wadatar da ƙasa da sinadarin nitrogen kuma zai kasance kariya daga wireworm. Shafin ya kuɓuta daga ɓoye da asalinsu.
Mahimmanci! Kowane shekara 2-3, dole ne a sauya wurin saukowa.
Yaushe zan iya shuka
An dasa gladiolus a cikin ƙasa mai ɗorewa: a zurfin 10 cm, yawan zafin jiki ya kamata 10 ° C, daga Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar lokacin rani, gwargwadon yankin.
Abin da zurfin yi gadaje
Plantedan fitila ana shuka shi zuwa zurfin daidai yake da nisan sa sau uku, nisan kusan cm 15. Girman dasa yana dogara da girman ƙasa, abubuwan da yake dashi: denser yake, ƙarancin ƙananan ƙwayoyin suna dasa. Dangane da haka, zurfin gadaje zai zama daban, amma ya kamata ya zama ɗan girma fiye da zurfin saukowa.
Kulawar Gladiolus
Kyakkyawan kula da gladioli yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar al'ada da fure mai fure. Ya hada da:
- Cikakke watering, isasshen ƙasa danshi.
- Weeding da kwance.
- Manyan riguna tare da amfani da takin ma'adinai na ruwa.
- Tona tono da adanar corms kafin dasa shuki.
Watse
Lokaci na farko bayan dasawa ana shayar da kowane kwanaki 2-3 don ƙirƙirar furen. A cikin lokutan bushewa, ana shayar da kowace maraice, a lokaci guda kuma kwance ciyawa da girbi. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da ruwan sama ko ruwa a zauna. Ana shayar da shi tsakanin layuka ko furzar da aka shirya a baya, kuma ba tsire-tsire kansu ba, isasshen ruwan ruwa shine lita 10-12 a kowace murabba'in mita.
Mahimmanci! Dole ne a kula sosai don tabbatar da cewa ruwa ba ya hau kan mai tushe da ganyayyaki, wanda zai iya haifar da juyawa.
Yawancin lokaci, ana yin shayarwa sau 1 a kowace mako a sanyin safiya ko da yamma. Saboda haka bayan ban ruwa ɓawon burodi ba ya kafa, an kwance ƙasa zuwa zurfin 5-6 cm, yayin da tsire-tsire ke tsaunin.
Kula! Ana aiwatar da tarnaki sau 1 a cikin kwanaki 10, ba tare da la'akari da ko an yi ruwan sama ko a'a.
A cikin lokutan bushewa, ana aiwatar da shaƙatawa bayan kwanaki 3-4, in ba haka ba peduncle zai zama mai santsi, furanni, ba tare da yin fure ba, zai bushe. Tushen da gladiolus ana located a zurfin har zuwa 35 cm, kasar gona bukatar a moistened ga wannan zurfin, surface watering bai dace da shuka.
Hanya
Ya kamata a saka kulawa ta musamman don a sako a yayin bayyanar tsiro, domin kada ciyawar ta nutsar da seedlings. A lokacin rani, an sako shafin sau 3-4.
Informationarin bayani! Kasancewar adadin yawan ciyawar yana ba da gudummawar bayyanar kwari ko cututtuka.
Fesa
Bayan ganyayen farko sun bayyana, sai aka zube filayen. Yi amfani da mafita don kashe thrips, whiteflies.
Garter
Bayan fure suka bayyana, an ɗaura kibiyoyi da ƙuguna don kada su karya ƙarƙashin nauyin furanni.
Manyan miya
Ana yin manyan riguna don kakar 5 sau. Lokacin da ganyen farko suka bayyana, ana amfani da takin mai magani wanda ya ƙunshi nitrogen don yin taro mai girma. Bayan bayyanar ganye 6, takin tare da ƙwayoyin potassium-phosphorus. Lokacin da aka kafa buds, ana yin miya ta uku a karo na uku, a lokacin fure, miya ta hudu, da ta biyar bayan yankan mai tushe na kazantar gladioli.
Yana da kyau don ciyar da tsirrai a cikin kananan rabo, a lokaci guda kamar yadda shayarwa. Kamar yadda kwayoyin halitta, ana amfani da tsagewar tsuntsu, zuba shi da ruwa da nace tsawon kwana 10.
Mahimmanci! Fresh taki an haramta tsananin.
Yana da amfani don aiwatar da riguna na sama na foliar tare da hanyoyin magance ruwa na boric acid, permanganate potassium, ko gauraya abubuwan abubuwan ganowa.
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar girma
Babban haɗarin yana wakilta ta cututtuka, fungal da kwayan cuta, da kwari.
Karin kwari
Sau da yawa mafi yawan mamayewa na kwari kamar thrips, whiteflies, nematodes, da Mayles beetles suna fushi. Kula da tsire-tsire tare da kalbofos zai taimaka wajen lalata kwari. Suna ba da sakamakon dasa kusa da gladioli calendula, albasa, tafarnuwa.
Cutar
Gladiolus yana fama da cututtukan fungal (wannan shi ne rot, scab na kwayan cuta), cuta mai yaduwar cuta - botritiosis, cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo (wannan shine mosaic, jaundice, tabon zobe).
Mafi kyawun magani game da cututtuka shine rigakafin su: dacewar dasa kayan shuka, yin amfani da magungunan maye, lalata tsire-tsire, da gurɓataccen ƙasa. Don magance cututtukan, ana amfani da maganin kashe kuzari, magunguna na dindindin na potassium, da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da tagulla.
Alamun rashin kulawa
Take hakkin fasahar narkar da aikin gona, dasa shuki, irin nau'in kasar da ba ta dace ba, da digogin da ba kasafai ake samu ba, adana hanyoyin da suka lalace da tsirrai a kanta wanda hakan ke haifar da bayyanar cututtuka, suna taimakawa ga bayyanar kwari. Rashin fure, rashin bayyanar sigar rubutu na gladioli sakamakon cin zarafin yanayin ajiya ne na corms, rashin kula da tsirrai daga kwari.
Abun da ke ciki na girma gladioli
Yarda da ka'idodin kulawa yana ba da tabbacin ciyawar fure da kyakkyawan bayyanar tsire-tsire. Yaro ba zai sami damar kula da fure ba, amma duk wani mai farawa, zai iya shuka kyakkyawan fure na fure.
