Wannan tsire-tsire sanannu ne ga mutane da yawa kamar su chamomile Moscow. A bisa hukuma, ana kiranta fure na cosmea ko cosmos (fassarar hukuma daga Girkanci ado ce). Mafi sau da yawa zaka iya ganin shekara-shekara a cikin shuka rukuni na rabatok. Wani lokacin suna girma shi don yanke zuwa bouquets.
A yanayi, akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 40. Kamar fure mai fure na fure, yana wanzu a yankuna na wurare masu zafi na Amurka. Musamman mai yawa a cikin Meziko. A cikin Turai, kyawun ya bayyana skidding kuma ana samunsa sau da yawa a kan tituna, a cikin wuraren sharar fata har ma da tarkace na ƙasa.
Cosmeas Kayanta
A cikin Rasha, ana iya samo nau'ikan tsire-tsire 3 a ko'ina: bicoporidae cosmea, sulfur-yellow da jini-ja. Kodayake a cikin 'yan shekarun nan masu noman fure masu farashi sun fara noma gidaje na wucin gadi na Rasha chamomile a dachas, wanda ya bambanta da yawa fasali.
Bayanin
Tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire na ganye shine dangin Asteraceae. Don sanin yadda al'ada take, bincika tsarin waje. Sarari yana da kara, mai santsi, mai kyau sosai, yana kaiwa tsayi 0.5 zuwa 1.5 m. Kuna iya gane alamar tauraron dan Mexico ta wadannan alamun:
- harbe suna santsi, kore mai haske a launi mai launin shuɗi;
- bude aikace-aikacen ya tsaya akasin haka; akwai farantin launuka masu kaifi tare da nuna baki da na bakin ciki wanda aka sifanta;
Shuka tare da fure mai buɗe ido
- inflorescences-kwanduna tare da diamita na 6-12 cm an kafa su a kan firam na harbe.
Cosmea yana ba furanni daban-daban tabarau: fari, zinariya, ruwan hoda, ja, shunayya. Reed petals frame da keɓaɓɓu, mai siffar zobe (wani lokacin lebur) ainihin launin ruwan kasa ko baho baki mai launin shuɗi.
Cosmey yana fara yin fure a farkon bazara kuma yana da ƙanshi ga tsananin sanyi. Sakamakon haka, yana ba da achenes aclonges tare da crest, waɗanda iska ke ɗaukar su cikin hanzari.
Jinsuna da iri
A Rasha, ana samun yawancin nau'ikan cosmea 3 sau da yawa. Sun bambanta cikin tsari da inuwa na inflorescences.
Babban nau'ikan sarari
| Suna | Bayanin |
|---|---|
| Sau biyu Cosmea | Itace wacce take daukakakken daji har zuwa tsayi 1. M kwanduna da yawa ana zanen fararen kaya, ruwan hoda, lilac, ja a cikin inflorescences, rawaya a cikin ƙananan tubular. A petals suna da m ko wavy gefuna |
| Sulfur Yellow Cosmea | Ana iya girma akan gado na fure har zuwa 1.2-1.5 m. Ganyayyaki Leaf suna da fadi fiye da na jinsunan feathery. Inflorescences ƙananan - har zuwa 8-10 cm a diamita. An tattara kwalliyar launin rawaya daga furanni Reed tare da fure mai toka |
| Jini ja | An bambanta shi ta hanyar manyan furanni tare da filayen maroon waɗanda ke kewaye da babban zuciyar baƙar fata. Fuskokinsu matte ne, kusan ƙazanta ne. Ganyen da ba a cika shafawa a zane mai duhu mai duhu |
Peanƙannin jan-jini na jini ya karbi wani suna - cakulan kwalliya, saboda takamaiman ƙanshin da furanni ke ɗauka.
Cakulan kwalliya
Ta hanyar ƙoƙarin masu shayarwa, ba da daɗewa ba an ba da damar lambu don haɓaka wani rukuni na furannin chamomile na Moscow. Gaskiya ne, ba a gabatar da terry cosmea ba a matsayin keɓaɓɓiyar jinsin. Kuna iya gane ta ta llo, kamar inflorescences na astrorescences na ruwan hoda, rawaya, ruwan lemo, tabarau mai ja.
Dangane da nau'ikan da ake samu, kyawawan nau'in kwalliyar perennial an bred, wanda nan da nan ya zama sananne tsakanin masu lambu.
Daban-daban na Cosme
| Suna | Siffofin |
|---|---|
| Seashell | Labarin inflorescences wanda yayi kama da bawo suna fitowa akan daji mai tsawon mita. Suna da yawa, masu launi iri-iri. |
| Sautin Cosmea | Ya bambanta a farkon fure. An bambanta shi da tsayi mai tushe (har zuwa 1.2 m), inflorescences har zuwa 10 cm a diamita, wanda zai iya zama monophonic ko sautin biyu |
| Bonbon ya tashi | Yana cikin rukunin terry na cosmas. Yana bayar da wadataccen furannin astropod na launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi |
| Carousel | Very na ado mita daji tare da sosai dissected foliage. Babban fasalin shine fararen fata a cikin iyakar ruwan hoda |
| Haske mai daci | Short, babu fiye da 30 cm, daji tare da pubescent kafa mai tushe. Infanan ƙananan inflorescences kawai sun isa diamita na 6 cm |
| Terry Button | An kirkiro iri iri iri karkashin wannan sunan: · Wani katako na daji tsawon m 1.2 m - tare da kwanduna da kwanduna ninki biyu na launuka iri-iri; · Burgundy - ya kai girman 0.8 m, yana ba inflorescences a diamita na 7-10 cm; · Sautin biyu - tare da fure mai launin shuɗi-fari |
| Picoti | Daban-daban suna jan hankali tare da canza launi. Kallon furanni, da alama kamar maigidan yana yin ado ne da farar ƙasa - fararen furannin da aka hadasu ta hanyar kangin-jan iyaka sune abubuwan da aka yiwa ado ta asali |
Kula! Wani lokaci, don neman nau'in kwantar da hankali, masu lambu suna tuntuɓe kan kantin sayar da kan layi na suna iri ɗaya. Ba shi da alaƙa da launuka na ado - shafin yana gyara masu gyara don fuska da sauran kayan kwaskwarima.
Girma kwaskwarima daga tsaba
Ma'aunin tsarin Mexico a yanayi yana haifar da kansa, yana watsa tsaba ko'ina. 'Yan lambu sun gwammace suyi kiwo kamar yadda ake shuka shekara. Sabili da haka, suna ƙoƙarin tattara tsaba a cikin kaka, saboda a shekara mai zuwa za su iya ci gaba da aikin.
Fasali
Koyar da ƙwayar kwalliya tsari ne mai sauƙi, wanda ko mai farawa zai iya shawo kan sauƙi. Shuka tsire-tsire suna riƙe kyakkyawan shuka har tsawon shekaru 3 bayan tarin su.
Idan kwalliya tana son girma daga tsaba lokacin da aka shuka ta, an ƙaddara ta ɗayan hanyoyi:
- idan an shirya hanyar seedling, to za'ayi saukowa a cikin Maris-farkon Afrilu a cikin kwalaye;
- A cikin gonar bazara suna shuka da zarar dusar ƙanƙara ta narke;
- wasu yan lambu suna yin shuka kafin lokacin hunturu, yin la’akari da hanyar dabi'a ta yaduwar amfanin gona.
Terry Rose Bonbon
Cosmea tsaba suna da tsaurin sanyi, saboda haka ba za ku iya damu da sanyi na dare ba. Amma har ma a cikin canjin kudu, lokacin da aka shuka shuka akan gadon filawa, fure zai farayi baya da Yuli. Don mazauna bazara na yankin Moscow da kuma yankuna na arewacin, ana bada shawara don amfani da hanyar seedling.
Yadda ake shuka seedlings
Domin sha'awar furanni na cosmea a farkon bazara, suna ɗaukar akwatunan m kuma suna cika su da cakuda yashi. Algorithm mai zuwa ya biyo baya:
- kowane iri yana dan matse shi cikin ƙasa ba tare da zurfi ba - haske ya kamata ya sauka a kansu;
- moisten ƙasa;
- akwatin an rufe shi da fim ɗin amintattu kuma an saka windowsill.
A cikin dakin, kula da yawan zafin jiki na + 18-20 ° C har sai an fara bayyana. Wannan zai faru ne a makwanni biyu. A wannan gaba, an cire matsuguni gaba daya kuma sprouts ɗin ya tashi zuwa tsayi 10 cm.
Lambunan Chamomile Seedlings
An tsince 'ya'yan itace a cikin wasu kwantena, suna riƙe tazara tsakanin tsire-tsire na cm cm 10 Kafin a canza shi zuwa bude ƙasa, ana ajiye cosmea a cikin ɗaki mai zafin jiki na + 16-18 ° С.
Don ware hanya na bakin ciki, da farko zaku iya shuka iri biyu na inji mai kwakwalwa. cikin kofuna daban.
Shuka a cikin ƙasa bude
Cold juriya da shuka damar shuka cosmei kai tsaye a cikin gadaje fure. Ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar a yawancin yankuna a watan Afrilu. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, zaku iya shirya ragi ragin daga ƙarshen Maris.
Ana amfani da kowane irin tsari: talakawa ko murabba'i. Kuna buƙatar dasawa ta irin wannan hanyar cewa babu ƙarancin tsire-tsire sama da 6 a 1 sq.m, in ba haka ba za su tsoma baki tare da juna. Matsakaicin rata tsakanin cosmeas shine 0.3-0.5 m.
Mahimmanci! Da nisa sosai ba wanda ake so, in ba haka ba bushes zai fara gina taro kore a kudi na fure.
Rijiyoyin ba su da zurfi - har zuwa cm 1. Ruwa a hankali, saboda kada a wanke tsaba daga cikin ramuka. Lokacin da seedlings suka bayyana, suna lura da tsire-tsire, kamar bushes mafi girma.
Kulawar Cosme
Kafin dasa shuki a cikin gada mai fure, shirya rami mara zurfi. Nisa tsakanin su zai dogara da tsayin nau'ikan. Don bushes mai tsayi, yana da kyau a tsai da goyon baya nan da nan ta hanyar tuki a kusa da ramuka.
Deepenings ana shayar dasu sannan sai an sanya shuki a ciki. A shuka an sa an kuma shayar da su. An cigaba da aikin ban ruwa kamar yadda ya cancanta.
Ayyukan Kulawa:
- a cikin rani mai zafi, bushe, ana shayar da kwakwa sau ɗaya a sati, ana kawo buhu 4 na ruwa ƙarƙashin gandun daji;
- a kan kasa mai dausayi, ciyarwar lokaci ɗaya ya isa (a cikin bazara ko kaka); a kan kasa mai narkewa, superphosphate, tumatir maɗaukakin gona ko kuma ana ƙara ƙara wa kowane wata;
- a ko'ina cikin lokacin bazara, ana feshe kwalliya a lokaci-lokaci tare da ci gaban mai motsa jiki "Bud";
Kula! Lokacin da bushes kai tsawo na 50 cm, an bada shawara don tsunkule fi. Wannan zai samar da wadatattun kayan aiki.
- wilted inflorescences suna nan take a keɓe kai don taɓar da bayyanar sabon furen.
Zabi mafi girma kwanduna a daji, bayan cikakken balaga sun sa jikunan jabu. Wannan zai hana fitar da tsaba a ƙasa.
Domin kada ya yi gunaguni game da dalilin da ya sa kwantar da hankali na kwantar da hankali a cikin girma, suna aiwatar da loosening na ƙasa da sarrafa sako.
Lambar Cosmos
Amma game da cututtuka da kwari, mazauna bazara bazai damu da wannan ba. Cosmea yana da rigakafi mai ƙarfi, wanda shine dalilin da yaduwar al'adu.
A cikin m filayen, slugs da katantanwa za a iya gani. Ana tattara su da hannu ko saita kusa da furannin giya na mashaya (parasites sun yi marmarin shaye-shayen). Don rigakafin, zaku iya yayyafa ƙasa a kewayen bushes na crushed eggshell ko ash.
A cikin yankuna na kudanci, an shuka shuka a matsayin perennial. Kafin sanyi, an yanke daji, yana barin ƙananan ginshiƙai na santimita 10-15. Rufe tare da lokacin farin ciki Layer na ganye da rassan spruce.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin da bazara ta zo, dole ne a cire tsari nan da nan saboda tushen bai zubar ba.
A cikin yankuna na arewacin, bushes ba ya adana lokacin hunturu. An cire su gaba daya daga flowerbed, an haye ƙasa.
Don haka daga lokacin bazara har zuwa lokacin sanyi da kwalliyar kwalliyar kwalliya tare da kyawunta, dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin filin budewa ana yin su ne tare da sanin dokokin fasahar noma. Kada ku kalli gaskiyar cewa al'adun gargajiya basu da ma'ana a cikin namo. Don kulawa da kulawa, koyaushe za ta yi godiya ga fure mai fure.
