Alamar kulawa da tsararraki - Babushkino iri-iri

Kowane mutum yana da ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa na kakan kakar, da abincin da ba a iya mantawa da ita ba, wadda take da kyau a cikin lambun kakanta a lokacin tunawa da yara.

Don haka, tunanin wani ya kasance da sanannen tunanin da ya ba shi sunan da irin mutanen da suka haifa "Uba ta uhu".

Menene muhimmancin samar da sababbin iri?

Matsayi na Babushkino apple iri-iri a cikin kiwo da wasu iri "> Mun sami bayani game da sunan a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihin (ba za a dame shi ba tare da labarun ba'a!): Tula mai zaman kansa, a cikin Crimea, ya yi niyya don kawo apple iri-iri a gonarta.

A ra'ayin kamfanin A.Petrov, an yanke shawarar da aka zaba Rennet Champagne.

Yarinyar ta kasance da farin ciki - bayan haka, wata hamada ta musamman ta iya girma daga apple tsaba, amma daga cikin dozin seedlings mafi yawan 'yan' ya'yan itace mai ladabi ya zaba.

'Ya'yansu sun fara kiran shi "itace" kakar. Kuma, daga bisani, sunan a cikin shahararren jita-jita ya kasance da tabbaci ga apple ɗin wannan jinsin kamar varietal.

Ƙasar Registre na Apples iri-iri Mamma ba sun hada dako da yake an samo shi a cikin gidajen lambun daga Voronezh zuwa St. Petersburgrufe dukan Yankin tsakiya. High winter hardiness, juriya scab, kyau dandano halaye ci gaba da wannan iri-iri a cikin samar da sababbin nau'o'in apple na itatuwan apple don muhimmancin rawar jari:

Antonovka vulgaris, Aport, da alkawari, Borovinka da kuma Granny Smith sune mafi mashahuri.

Wane matsalar matsalar haifuwa ta warware?

1. High winter hardiness.
2. Immunity zuwa cututtukan fungal da cutrid.
3. Kyakkyawan amfanin ƙasa.
4. Kasuwanci bayyanar 'ya'yan itatuwa masu girma.
5. Duration na ajiya (wasu adadin varietal an adana har zuwa sabon girbi).
6. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai kyau albarkatun kasa don sarrafawa.
7. Ma'ajiyar Grandma ba su rasa karfin bukatun mabukaci a tsawon shekaru.

Taimako: Itacen bishiya na wannan iri-iri daga ƙarshen karni na 19 zuwa 20th an dauke shi a matsayin tushen aikin lambu na masana'antu a tsakiya na Rasha.

Hanyoyin irin wannan nau'o'in na iya nuna irin wadannan nau'in: Borovinka, Volzhanka, Jonathan, Prima da Uslada.

Hotuna

Dabbobi iri-iri

• Wannan itace itace itace ga wanda ba shi da rai. Wannan yana nufin cewa don samun ovary, ba zai iya yin ba tare da taimakon wani apple ba, yana aiki a matsayin pollinator. Babban mai dauke da pollen daga itace zuwa itace ƙudan zuma da suke shiga cikin tarin zuma a cikin radius na kilomita 2.

  Domin cin nasarar apple ta Uba, a kalla ɗayan pollinator a cikin gundumar zai ishe.

  Ya dace da wannan dalili: Papirovka, Antonovka talakawa, Shtreyfling, Cinnamon taguwar, Borovinka.

  Don maganganun za ~ e:
  

1. wane irin bambancin dake tattare da wani pollinator;
2. Shin fure-fure da 'ya'yan itace suna daidai daidai lokacin?
3. yaya tsarin aiwatar da pollination na pollinators kansu.

Yana da muhimmanci: Idan babu itatuwa masu lalata a cikin gonar, to, yana da mahimmanci don magance abubuwan da kake so tare da maƙwabta a yankin, ko kuma bincika dasa bishiyar lambu a cikin radiyan kilomita 2.

• Shuka wannan iri-iri ya shafi nau'in hunturu. Wannan yana nufin cewa girbi na karshe na 'ya'yan itace ba ya faruwa a lokacin girbi (a ƙarshen Satumba), amma bayan wata daya ko fiye, lokacin da aka adana amfanin gona don ajiya. Daɗin irin wannan apple (tare da ajiya mai kyau) bazai rasa har sai ƙarshen bazara.

  Hanyoyin hunturu sun haɗa da itatuwan apple: Belfleur Bashkir, Bryansk Golden, Dzhonagold, Amazing da Lada.

• A yawan amfanin ƙasa na iri-iri yana halin mita (a cikin shekara).
• Itacen itace tasowa sannu a hankali. Gwaninta itace bishiya ya fara tsufa: na farko girbi ya jira 10-15 shekaru. Amma a cikin aikin haihuwa, zai iya zama har zuwa 50 har ma da shekaru 100.



• Cikin dakin hunturu na lakabi an bayyana halin halayyar rukunin Rasha yanayin hunturu ya saukad da, farkon kaka da marigayi sanyi a cikin bazara. Amma arewacin yankin Leningrad, wannan apple ba a rushe shi ba.
• Shuka Rashin jimawa ga cututtuka da cututtuka (scab), amma yana iya zama ƙarƙashin jinsin moth.

  Rashin jituwa ga scab yana da iri iri: jaririn ranar, Rennet Chernenko, Zhigulevskoe, Bogatyr da Berkutovskoe.

• 'Ya'yan itatuwan Apple na Grandma arziki a bitamin "C", ƙananan kalori, suna da sakamako mai warkewa idan sunyi amfani da su ta hanyar amfani da jiki. A cikin aiki daga cikinsu akwai jam, marmalade, 'ya'yan itace candied, jam, ruwan' ya'yan itace, 'ya'yan itace suna sha.
• Uba Grandma da jigilar sufuri, ajiya a cikin cellars, a cikin attics a zazzabi zazzabi - 0-1oС.

Bayyanar

Yi la'akari da bayyanar itace da 'ya'yan itace.

Tree

Tree ya kai 5 mita tsayi, matsakaiciyar tsawo, tare da kambi mai launi, rassan rassan da suka kasance a ƙasa.

Tsarin itace yana da dadi da lafiya, itace yana da wuyar nauyi, wanda shine dalili na amfani dashi don amfanin gona azaman jari.

Gwangwani rassan suna da karfi da kuma mai da hankali sosai, sun tashi sama da sama. Dukansu rassan da harbe suna da haushi mai launi. Kodan suna ƙananan, tam an guga man.

Ganyayyaki suna haske ne, mai tasowa, cokali-mai siffar, ƙananan, tare da ƙaddamarwa ba mai gefe ba. Hasken walwala. An sanya shi zuwa rassan reshe a cikin kauri da tsawon na petioles. Hanyoyin da suke ciyayi a cikin ƙarshen ƙarshen lokacin rani, wanda ke haifar da ganyayyaki a cikin marigayi Yuli - farkon Agusta.

Ana tattara furanni a cikin ƙananan nau'i na 3-5. A cikin buds duba ruwan hoda, amma idan aka buɗe, zama fari. A cikin girman, suna da yawa, biyar na furen, da aka sanya su a cikin kwakwalwa biyar da 20 stamens tare da anthers. Lokacin flowering yana faruwa a cikin shekaru goma na watan Mayu.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari matsakaicin matsakaicin (har zuwa 150 g. An sanya shi zuwa rami na gajeren reshe. Nau'in launi: kore, lokacin da cikakke - rawaya. Wani lokaci magoya mai haske ya sami raɗaɗi. Fatar jiki mai haske ne, dan kadan da aka yi, tare da dots masu launin fata. Jiki yana da m da fari, dandano yana da dadi da m, tare da ƙanshi mai kyau da ruwan inabi.

Inda zan dasa?

Lalle ne shi kamar a kan kudancin kudancin kudancin, wanda aka dakatar da iskar iska, don haka hasken rana ya haskaka shi tsawon kwanaki 6-7 a rana. Tare da babban ganga, ana bukatar ƙarfafa gangarawa tare da ci gaba da ganuwar kumbura, tashoshin da aka jefa cikin ƙasa, ko saƙaƙaƙaƙaƙaƙaƙa don kiyaye ƙasar daga rushewa.

Dole ne a zabi wannan wuri don la'akari da yanayin shuka, daga cikin ɗakin abinci da gandun daji, tun da yake ba tare da daɗaɗɗo 'ya'yan itatuwa ba za su iya rushewa, kuma motar ta jawo kwari, mutane masu tausananci.

Ruwa cikin ruwa zai zama mummunan damuwa ga wani ƙananan bishiya, saboda wasu bishiyoyin apple sun gangara zuwa mita 4. Babban kwanciya na ruwa ba zai ƙyale itacen ya sami ƙafafun kafa ba. Don hana wannan matsala, wasu bishiyoyi ana shuka su a kan tuddai ko gadaje, idan akwai tsumburai da yawa a dasa. An ƙarfafa ƙarancin ƙasa na kewaye, kamar yadda aka yi a kan ganga.

Kafin saukowa ya kamata a bincika Amfanin ruwa: itatuwan apple ba sa son girmansa. A wannan yanayin, dole ne ku ƙara lime zuwa ƙasa. Kuma, ba shakka, kada kayi shuka bishiya a ko kusa da tsohon.

Tsarin wuri

Makullin samun nasara da yawan girbi na gaba zai zama:

• lokacin zabi daidai;
• yadda aka shirya ƙasa;
• mai yiwuwa seedling;
• daidai fasaha tasowa.

Za ku iya dasa itacen apple spring (marigayi Afrilu) da kaka (tsakiyar Oktoba), amma a lokacin da dasa shuki a kaka, tsarin tushen tsarin seedling yana da karin lokaci don daidaitawa da kuma shirya don zamani.

Idan ba a ƙaddara shirye-shiryen ba, kuma lokacin kaka ya ɓace, yana da kyau barin barin seedlings kafin hunturu prikopannymi, da kuma shuka - a farkon spring. Alamar magunguna na dasa shuki ya kamata ya kasance zaman lafiyar jiki, bushe, amma yanayin hadari.

Wurin saukowa - rami da diamita na 1.2 m, zurfin 0.7 m an girbe wata daya kafin a sauka. Kafin aikin, an cika shi da 1/3 Organic taki.

A cikin tsakiyar rami suna fitar da su a kan gungumen azaba, wanda zai zama goyon baya ga ɓangaren da ba mai karfi ba. A kan kafa mazugi na sako-sako, takarda ƙasa, a hankali yada tushen asalin seedling kuma ya rufe shi da ƙasa, yana barin wuyansa a wuyansa a farfajiya.

Ƙasa a kusa da gangar jikin tattake ƙasa kuma shayar da alheri (har zuwa buckets 5). A} arshe, suturar kewayawa tana cike da peat ko humus. Daidaita ganga zuwa tsutsa ya kamata kada ya kasance mai ban sha'awa ga shekaru biyu masu zuwa.

Yana da muhimmanci: Sau da yawa watering don samar da a cikin mako guda, don haka - har sai Agusta.

Kwayar itace daga sunflower tsaba? Ayyuka masu ban tsoro da rashin godiya. Saya sapling na kowane sa - kyauta na kasuwa mai mahimmanci.

Yana da muhimmanci cewa yana da karfi, lafiya, ba tare da lalata rassan da asali da alamun rotting ba. Idan ganye sun riga sun bayyana, ya kamata a cire su a hankali ba tare da lalata alamar barci ba.

An yi la'akari da dace shekaru biyu ko uku, kodayake an shuka shuki mai shekaru guda a ƙasa.

Kayan fasaha na itace don amfanin gona mai yawa shine:

• loosening da watering;
• hadi;
• pruning rassan;
• kwaro da cuta;
• girbi;
• shiri don sauran lokutan (hunturu).

Mene ne zai iya rikitar da gonar?

Ga Grandma apple iri-iri, wannan tsari na matakan yana da hankula, kamar yadda mafi yawan itatuwan apple. Musamman tun wannan shuka daban-daban unpretentiousdon haka da sha'awar da aka yi a cikin zaɓi na musamman.

Wormholes - alamu na muhimmin aiki na malam buɗe ido asu larvae. Bayan sunyi sanyi a karkashin hawan itacen, nan da nan bayan flowering, an haife su don ci gaba da sake zagaye na rayuwa: bayan faɗuwar rana, suna kwance zuwa ƙwayar 160 a cikin ovary da kan ganye.

Kwana goma sha biyar daga baya, caterpillars fara cin abinci: fara tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara, sa'annan ku ci tsaba sannan ku tafi apple na gaba.

Kwayoyin gwagwarmaya sun bambanta:

• sunadarai (sharaɗi tare da shirye-shiryen shirye-shirye: "Dimethoat", "Iskra M", "Bi-58", da dai sauransu);
• nazarin halittu (spraying "Bitoxibacillin");
• na inji (zane-shinge, yadawa a kusa da kututture a cikin lokacin kaka, ƙone ƙananan ɓangaren tsohuwar hawaye);
• mutane (infusions na needles, tansy, wormwood, replanting mustard bushes, tumatir, Dill a kusa da itatuwa);
• prophylactic (da karin flowering shuke-shuke a gonar, da ƙasa da damar cewa asu zai rayu kawai a kan itacen apple;
• kana buƙatar cire saurar a lokaci;
• Ya kamata a adana girbi a cikin kwalaye ba tare da fasa) ba.

Har ila yau, ba lallai ba ne don saka manta da matakan da suka dace akan 'ya'yan itace, haws, moths, da silkorms.

Yaya yawancin tsararraki sun inganta apples apples? Kuma nawa ya fi zama! Bayan haka, iri iri na mutane a cikin mutane kuma sun sami rai na har abada.