Masu furannin furanni suna ci gaba da mamakin yadda suke sha'awar karɓar tsire-tsire masu yawa daga yankuna na wurare masu zafi zuwa yanayin girma na Rasha. Ofayansu shine fure mai ɗora tare da ganyen ja a saman shugaban da ake kira guzmania (pronunciation "gusmania" ba shi da na kowa).
Wannan kyakkyawan shuka ne tare da ganyayyaki oblong mai ban sha'awa. An tattara su "bunch" a ginin tushe. A tsakiyar irin wannan rosette akwai inflorescence mai siffar mazugi.
Iri daban-daban
Saboda nau'ikan nau'ikan iri, masu girbi na fure da kuma masu son fure za su iya zaɓar ainihin zaɓinsu:
Guzmania
- Guzmania reed (Guzmania lingulata). Ana yawan samun ta a cikin gidajen. Wani fasali na jinsin shine lokacin da fure take shirin yin furanni, ganyayenta zasu canza canji, zasu zama cike da farin ciki. A wannan lokacin, kananan furanni fara da nunawa a cikin ganye sinuses. Lokacin da aka buɗe su gabaɗaya, suna ƙaruwa da girman, katako suna samun launin ja mai haske, ƙwayayen da kansu sun yi rawaya. Addinin fure na fure na iya wucewa daga mako sha biyu zuwa sha biyu.
- Guzmania Ostara. An cire ra'ayin saboda godiya ga aikin shayarwa. Budan ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa yana tunatar da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa mai gudana wanda ke tsakiyar ɓangare na ganyen ganye. Leafwararren ganye mai haske mai haske yana da launin shuɗi mai haske. Yin ado na shuka ya iya dagewa har tsawon watanni 6.
- Guzmania ja ja (Guzmania sangu Guinea). Wakili mai ban sha'awa a tsakanin jinsunan guzmania. Wani fasalin wannan tsiron shine launi bracts: daga shunayya zuwa ruwan hoda, da kuma daga kore zuwa rarrabawa. Wannan guzmania yana farawa a cikin watan Afrilu, kuma yana ƙare tare da farkon kaka.
- Guzmania mosaic (Guzmania musaica). Wannan nau'in yana da ganye mai yawa (wasu wakilai suna da ganye mai laushi), wanda aka fiɗa bayyane a bayyane. A saman farfajiyar, toho 1 yana buɗewa. Tsayin dakan itacen furanni na iya zama daga cm 80 zuwa 100. Zaku iya dasa wannan fure a kowace ƙasa, babban abin shine kada ku cika shuka lokacin barin.
Guzmania reed
- Guzmania Conifer (Guzmania conifera). Budan itacen mai siffar launi mai launin shuɗi mai haske ko ruwan lemo mai tushe a gindin, yana samun sautin launin shuɗi zuwa kwalin biri. Konifer yana ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan da ake girma a cikin gidaje a cikin latitude na Rasha.
- Guzmania Nicaraguan (Guzmania Nicaraguensis). Ofaya daga cikin ƙananan nau'in guzmania. Fuskokin cikin gida wanda ke da ƙananan ganyen ganye. A tsakiyar ƙaramin furen ciki tare da haske mai haske inflorescence.
Tsakanin dukkan nau'in halitta, shine ainihin ma'anar rez guzmania. Fulatan furanni sun fi son shuka nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan nau'in a gida. Mafi mashahuri a yau sune:
- Haɗaɗɗa - buds na iya samun sautin daban (daga mulufi zuwa ruwan hoda da rawaya);
- Orarami - yana da wadatattun kayan adon ja;
- Tempo wani nau'i ne mai kama da launi zuwa orarami, amma furanni sun fi girma.
Kulawar Gida
Guzmania ba ta da buƙata ta musamman, amma dole ne a la'akari da wasu nau'ikan haɓaka na haɓaka, musamman idan an shirya yaduwar shuka.
Mafi kyawun zazzabi don ci gaba
A cikin dakin da fure yake girma, yakamata ya kasance yana da ɗumi. Yana jin mafi kyawun zazzabi na 22 zuwa 28. A dan kadan muni, amma m ga shuka zafin jiki sauke zuwa 18 digiri.
Yaran Guzmania
Guzmania ya fi dacewa da karuwa a cikin yawan zafin jiki mafi ƙaranci kuma ya fara nuna rashin jin daɗi ta kowace hanya.
Haske
A cikin dakin da guzmania yake girma, yakamata ya zama haske. Za'a iya sa shi a taga ko kuma wurin da yake da haske sosai, amma babu wani hasken rana mai zafi. Hasken rana zai iya cutar da furanni da ganyayyaki. Hakanan, rana mai zafi mai zafi na iya haifar da ƙonewa mai ƙoshin gaske, wanda inji ke wahala sosai. An dawo da Guzmania bayan irin wannan lalacewa na dogon lokaci.
Takin mai magani da kuma hadi
A cikin shagunan sayarwa, zaku iya siyan kayan haɗin abinci da aka shirya da kayan miya don Bromeliad. Idan ba a samo irin waɗannan ba, yana da daraja zaɓar waɗanda ba su da boron da jan ƙarfe - suna cutar da mummunar yanayin shuka. Lokacin ciyar da fure, yana da daraja halving kashi da aka bada shawara akan kunshin.
Hanyoyi na guzmania
Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa guzmania tana mayar da hankali sosai ga abinci, idan kuka yawaita shi, yana iya dakatar da ƙirƙirar yara, zai iya haifar da zubar da inflorescences da wilting ganye.
Ilasa da gaurayawar ƙasa
Soilasa don guzmania ya kamata ta kasance mai kwance kuma ta wuce iska sosai. Yana buƙatar sabunta shi kowace shekara, yana ƙara saman Layer. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don haɗarin cakuda ƙasa a cikin hanyar sadarwa, amma waɗannan masu kyau sune masu kyau ga shuka:
- tushen sphagnum (ƙasa) tare da ƙari na fern (1 zuwa 3 rabo);
- sphagnum, haushi mai shuka, yashi, ƙasa mai ganye (rabo 1: 2: 1: 2);
- sod koko, peat, yashi, ƙasa (zai fi dacewa amfani da sod-lãka), (rabo: 2: 2: 1: 1);
- peat, humus, yashi, turɓayar ƙasa (rabo 4: 2: 1: 2).
Da amfani Kuna iya siyan cakuda ƙasa da aka shirya don orchids a cikin shagon, sara da ƙara ƙaramin karaɗa a ciki. A cikin irin wannan ƙasa, furen yana da kyau.
Dokar Watering
Watering da shuka ake bukata kawai da ruwa mai dumi, yayin da dole ne a tace (ba tare da lemun tsami). Zai fi kyau amfani da ruwan sha. Ya danganta da zabi na substrate, an saita mita na ban ruwa. Idan an yi gaurayawar a kan tushen peat, sawdust ko shavings, ruwa ya zama sau 2-3 a mako. Idan ƙasa don guzmania an yi shi a kan ƙasa-yashi, yawansu yana iya ƙaruwa. Mafi yawan lokuta zaka iya guzmania ruwa - sau 1 a rana.
Shuka Dokokin Shuka
Ana buƙatar juyawa Guzmania bayan sayan. Wajibi ne don maye gurbin substrate a gida, da tukunya.
Da amfani Wasu masu farawa a cikin ciyawa sun yi babban kuskuren rashin renon yaran a cikin sabon tukunya bayan mutuwar mahaifiyar. Wannan na iya haifar da cututtukan shuka. Hakanan yana iya zama ɗayan dalilan da yasa guzmania baya fure.
Lokacin dasawa, ya zama dole don aiwatar da matakai mataki-mataki saboda daga baya babu matsaloli cikin barin:
- A kasan tukunyar, an shimfiɗa magudanar fita.
- An zuba wani sashi na substrate a saman sa.
- An sanya tsire a cikin tukunya.
- Yayyafa tare da saura kasar gona da compacted.
- An zubar da shi da ruwan dumi.
- An sanya furen fure a cikin wurin dindindin.
Lokacin girma fure, wasu matsaloli na iya tashi - cututtuka. Wannan yawanci ya fito ne daga gaskiyar cewa yan ƙwararrun lambu ba su san yadda ake dasa guzmania da kyau a gida ba. Kada kuyi la'akari da shawarwari don shayarwa, wanda ke haifar da tururuwar danshi da lalacewar tushen sa.
Juyin Guzmania
A saboda wannan dalili, shuka yakan daina fure, launi da farantin ganye yana canzawa, kuma ba ya ninka. A sakamakon haka, idan ba ku ɗauki mataki ba, fure ta mutu. Don mayar da shuka guzmania, dasawa cikin sabon tukunya da sabuwar ƙasa shine mafi kyawun maganin matsalar.
Duk abin da aka sauƙaƙe zai fi kyau a cikin bazara, zaku iya yin wannan a wani lokacin, idan yana da matukar muhimmanci.
Furen fure mai zafi
Ya danganta da nau'in da iri-iri, guzmania ta fara shuka buds shekaru 3-6 bayan dasa. Tsawon lokacin fure yana daga ɗayan zuwa watanni.
Da amfani Ciyawar tsirrai kawai idan an zaɓi yanayi mai daɗi a kansa, kazalika da ƙasa madaidaiciya don guzmania (wanda aka bayyana a sama).
Don hanzarta bayyanar farkon farkon buds, zaku iya zuwa ga wasu dabaru. A cikin ƙasa inda furen yayi girma, sanya guntun apple, sannan rufe tare da fim. Bayan wani lokaci, shuka zai fara samar da farji da fure. Yana da matuƙar mahimmanci a bincika yanki tuffa da polyethylene don kada ƙirar ta haifar akan su.
Hanyoyin kiwo na yau da kullun
Ainihin, shuka tana yaduwa ta rarrabuwa, amma kuma yana yiwuwa yaduwar fure ta hanyar tsaba. Yadda za a shuka guzmania an bayyana shi a sashin “Yaduwa da harbe”.
Guzmania tushen rot
Tsaba
Ba kowa bane ya sami nasarar tara tsaba a nasu, saboda haka, lokacin warware matsalar: yadda ake yada guzmania ta amfani da tsaba, lallai ne ku nemi tsaba a shagunan.
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin kwalaye, a cikin ƙasa peat. Ana fesa saman durin danshi da ruwa mai ɗumi.
Guzmania kiwo
Don fitowar seedlings, ya zama dole a sanya akwati tare da zuriya a cikin ɗaki tare da matsakaicin matsakaici na 18 zuwa 24 digiri.
Scions
Hanyoyin sun rabu da tsire-tsire na manya kafin fure, dole ne su zama aƙalla cm 15 Bayan ɗan lokaci, za su zama ƙaramin tsire-tsire, idan ba a dasa su a kan kari ba - za a iya lura da samuwar su akan furen uwar.
Sauƙaƙan ka'idodin kulawa zasu ba ka damar girma kyakkyawan shuka, ka lura da adon fure har sai lokacin ya yi fure. Cikakken bayani kan yadda guzmania ke yada shi zai ba ku damar kiwo shuka ba tare da matsaloli a gida ba.
