Petinia na cikin gida - kulawa da girma a gida

Petunia itace tsiron fure ne wanda yan lambu ke yaba masu saboda kyawawan halayensa da launuka iri-iri. Furen ba shi da ma'ana a cikin kulawa kuma yana haɗuwa tare da sauran tsirrai a gonar.

Game da tarihin bayyanar

A ƙarshen karni na 18, farkon fure aka samo kuma an tsaida shi, wanda daga baya ake kira petunia. Shahararren masanin kimiyyar kimiyya Lamarck a lokacin shine asalin sunan Nicotiana axillaris, daga baya aka sake masa suna Petunia axillaris. Kalmar "petun" a cikin harshen Brazil yana nufin "taba", waɗannan tsire-tsire dangi ne.

Peach furanni

Menene Petunia yayi kama?

Petunia, ko Petunia - memba ne na dangin Nura, yana da kamannin tsire-tsire na tsiron herbaceous ko Semi-shrub. Daga cikin su, akwai nau'i biyu na shekara da na shekara.

Furanni fari

A waje, petunia yayi kama da karamin ɗan itacen da ya kafa kuma yayi girma da sauri. Tsarin kara shine 20-35 cm, wasu nau'ikan zasu iya girma zuwa 60-70 cm. Ganyen kore mai launi kore mai girma ya kai girman 5-10 cm a tsayi.

Yawancin nau'ikan

Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan 22 na petunias da nau'ikan nau'ikan 70. A cikin siyan su, petunias sune:

• Ampelic. Wani fasali ne na tsirrai tsinkayen itace. Ana shuka nau'in Ampelic a cikin tukwane na rataye;
• Orarancin ko dwarf. Tsarin Shuka bai wuce cm 25 ba;
• Bush. An bambanta su da girman girman fure, a diamita ya kai 11-14 cm.

Petunia kula a gida

Furen fure, wanda ya zama ainihin kayan ado na lambu ko baranda a cikin ɗakin gida, ƙaramin abu ne, kulawa da haɓaka a gida yana buƙatar daidaituwa da aiki-mataki-mataki-mataki.

Zazzabi

Yayin girki da girma, fure ya kamata ya kasance a gida a zazzabi na 20-22 ° C. A lokacin furanni na petunias, yawan zafin jiki na iska kada ya wuce 25-27 ° C.

Haske

Petunia itace fure mai kauna; idan babu kyakkyawar fitila, babu furanni da yawa. Don namowa, dabaru tare da ingantaccen haske da kasancewar inuwa daga wasu tsirrai, bishiyoyi, canopies sun dace.

Watse

Waɗanda suke yanke shawara don yin ado da lambun su da tsire-tsire masu fure suna buƙatar sanin yadda ake tsabtace ruwan petunias a gida. Fasali na shayarwa:

• Watering ya kamata ya zama matsakaici, ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba;
• Zai fi kyau a sanyaya furen ba tare da shara daga sama ba, amma da ruwa a cikin kwanon tukunya;
• Don shayarwa, kuna buƙatar amfani da ruwa mai laushi ba tare da kazamin chlorine ba. Matsa ruwan ya kamata ya tsai da kwanaki.
• Ruwa da ƙasa a cikin tukunya ya kamata ya zama daidai yawan zafin jiki, ba za ku iya shayar da shi da ruwan sanyi ko ruwan zafi ba;
• A ranakun rana, ana shayar da furanni da maraice don guje wa ƙazamar ruwa.

Fesa

A cikin yanayin bushe da zafi, dole ne a fesa fure a kullun tare da ruwa a tsaye daga kwalban feshi. An dasa shuka a maraice lokacin da babu hasken rana kai tsaye. A cikin hunturu, spraying ne da za'ayi kamar yadda ƙura tara a kan ganye.

Atomizer

Haushi

Babu wasu buƙatu na musamman don gumi. Furen ya fito ne daga wurare masu zafi, yana jure yanayin dumi. Ya kamata a kula da matakin danshi a farkon matakan girma, lokacin da justannin ke fara fitowa.

Kasar

Petunia yana da kyau sosai a cikin shimfidar ƙasa wanda aka samo peat, ban da acidic da ƙasa. Duniya ya kamata ta kasance sako-sako, mai gina jiki da haske.

Don girma a cikin kwantena, haɗa yashi, peat da loam a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 2. Zai fi kyau a zaɓi ɗakin baƙar fata maras kyau, yana da abinci mai gina jiki kuma yana da ƙarancin acidity.

Don shirya kai na substrate, kuna buƙatar samun kwarewa kuma ku lura da daidai. Domin kada a kuskure, zaku iya amfani da kowane cakuda da aka shirya don petunias daga shagon.

Manyan miya

A lokacin girma, furen yana buƙatar taki. Zai fi kyau bayar da fifiko ga abubuwan haɗin da aka shirya don kayan miya, da ke kan ka zama da wahala. Zaka iya amfani da takin mai magani hadaddun tare da babban taro na potassium.

Petunias fara ciyar da kwanaki 14 bayan dasawa cikin tukunya. A cikin lokacin furanni, ana amfani da takin gargajiya kowane sati 2.

Yayin hutawa

A cikin lokacin sanyi, petunia yana farawa lokacin sanyi. Tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, an canja dutsen da aka dasa a ɗakin da yake haske, zazzabi iska ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon 9-15 ° C. Ana iya adanar furen a kan baranda mai walƙiya, loggia, sills taga a cikin baranda marasa lalacewa. Yayin sauran lokacin wajibi ne don samar da:

• Watse kowace mako 2-3;
• Rarrabe hasken wuta;
• Isasshen zafin jiki na iska;
• Rashin kayan miya.

Yaushe kuma yadda yake habaka

Daban-daban iri daban-daban da nau'ikan fureren fure a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban, sun bambanta da siffar da girman furanni.

Samun ruwa mai malala

Iri furanni

Duk nau'ikan tsire-tsire sun kasu kashi-fure da manyan-fure, kowane nau'in yana da halaye na kansa:

• Yawancin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sun ƙunshi babban adadin buds akan daji 1, wanda ke girma da yawa. Girman dutsen furanni bai wuce 4-5 cm ba;
• Manyan nau'ikan fulawa sun fi fuskantar haɗari kuma basa jure ruwan sama da iska mai ƙarfi. Suna girma mafi kyau cikin rataye tukwane da kwanduna a karkashin alfarwa. Furanni suna girma zuwa 8-14 cm.

Tsarin fure

Furannin Petunia sune zagaye guda, suna da siffar mazugi. Gefen fure na iya zama santsi ko ƙyallinsa. Corolla na fure yana da nau'in fure mai cike da wuta, yawanci mai fasali ne ko tauraro mai siffa. Wani nau'in petunia na daban shine terry, irin waɗannan furanni sun ƙunshi adadin petals kuma suna kama da wardi.

Terry furanni

Lokacin tashi

Lokacin fure na petunias yana farawa a lokacin bazara kuma yana kasancewa har zuwa farkon kaka. A cikin yankuna masu ɗumi inda wadataccen hasken rana, furanni na iya ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen kaka.

Canje-canje a cikin kulawar fure

A cikin lokacin furanni, petunia baya buƙatar yanayi na musamman. Ya isa ya kula da shi, kamar baya: sanyaya ƙasa a cikin lokaci, ba da ruwa ganyayyaki tare da ruwa mai fesawa kuma ciyar da shi kowace kwana 14.

Gyaran gida

Trimming ne da za'ayi a yawancin matakai:

1. A watan Yuni, tsunkule shuka kafin fure - yanke iyakar, wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar adana ƙaƙƙarfan daji. Kuna buƙatar datsa ƙarshen saman internode 5;
2. A watan Yuli, an cire ganye da ganyayyaki da ƙwari domin kada tsaba su yi yabanya a cikinsu;
3. A watan Agusta, petunia partially rasa ƙarfi, a wannan lokacin maimaita pinching ne da za'ayi domin shuka ya ci gaba girma;
4. Bayan fure, za a cire fure mai bushe. Idan an shirya tarin iri, ana yin pruning ne kawai bayan an tattara kwalaye iri.

Mai jan tsami

Yadda za a yada petunias a gida

'Yan lambu masu son Amateur suna da sha'awar yadda ake shuka petunia daga tsaba a gida ko amfani da itace. Kowace hanya tana da halaye na kanta.

Shuka shuka

Shuka petunias daga tsaba ba hanya ce mai sauƙi ba. A gida, ana buƙatar dasa tsaba a cikin rabin 2 na Maris, lokacin da sa'o'i masu ƙaruwa ke ƙaruwa. Tsaba don namo an dasa a cikin rabin na biyu na Janairu, a wannan yanayin, har zuwa Afrilu, seedlings za su yi ƙarfi.

Akwatin Seed

Yadda za a shirya tsaba:

1. Ana tattara akwatunan iri lokacin da suka yi duhu da fashe, amma ba a buɗe ba tukuna;
2. Tsaba dole ne ya bushe, don wannan an shimfiɗa shi a cikin Layer 1 akan takarda;
3. A cikin kwanaki 90-100, tsaba sun girma, suna buƙatar adana su a zazzabi a ɗakin cikin jakar takarda.

Yadda za a shuka tsaba:

1. Wajibi ne a zabi ganga don dasa shuki mai tsayi cm 10. Kafin dasa shuki dole ne a lalata shi;
2. Ruwan magudanar ruwa na yumbu mai kauri ana zuba shi a cikin akwati, 3/4 na saman ya cika da ƙasa. Don seedlings, zaka iya amfani da cakuda yashi, turf ƙasar, baƙar fata peat da humus a cikin rabo na 1: 2: 2: 2. Dole ne a yayyafa ƙasa da ruwa;
3. Shuka tsaba petunia tare da ɗan yatsa. Hakanan zaka iya haɗa su da yashi kuma yayyafa a farfajiya. Ba lallai ba ne a cika ƙasa daga bisa;
4. Akwatin an rufe shi da gilashi ko an rufe shi da fim. Kowace rana kuna buƙatar cire condensate kuma ku bar iska ta zama na mintina 10-15.

Rooting cuttings

Yaduwa da petunias ta yankan gida a gida yana ba ku damar adana ciyawar lush a cikin sabuwar kakar. Yadda za a yanka petunia:

1. A farkon bazara, kuna buƙatar datsa ƙananan harbe tare da tsayin 7-11 cm, cire duk ganye daga gare su, sai don 2 daga sama;
2. Ana zubar da ƙasa mai ɗorawa a cikin akwati da aka shirya ta 2/3. Yanke buƙatar buƙatar binne shi a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 4 cm, a nesa na 5-6 cm daga juna;
3. Soilasa da ke kusa da itacen an haɗa shi da hannaye, an ba da ruwa da ruwa;
4. Akwatin an rufe shi da fim ko gilashi.

Tushen tushe yana haɓaka da zazzabi na 22-24 ° C, kowace rana ana buƙatar matattara ƙasa. Yanke yakamata ya kasance cikin ɗakin haske 9 hours a rana. Idan babu isasshen hasken rana, yi amfani da fitilun fitila.

Canza petunias, daukana

Ofaya daga cikin tambayoyin da ake yi akai-akai shine "shin ana iya haɓakar petunia kamar fure? Furen yana jin mafi kyau a waje, zai iya girma a gonar ko a baranda. An shuka shuka a gida don ƙarin dasawa a cikin dindindin. Kafin wannan, ana ɗaukar abin tarawa - farkon dasawa cikin tukunya ta wucin gadi.

Petunias ya yi nutsuwa lokacin da ganye ya girma a magunan. Yadda za a yi daidai:

1. Shirya shirin share fage na petunias, zuba shi a cikin gilashin filastik 1/2;
2. Sprouts an haƙa tare tare da dunƙule na ƙasa, don kada ku lalata Tushen, kuma sanya shi a cikin gilashi.
3. Gilashin dole ne a cika shi da ƙasa zuwa saman.

Kimanin kwanaki 30, tushen tsarin zai fito a cikin tsiro, zasu yi girma a hankali. Bayan kwanaki 40-50, farawa mai aiki ya fara, a cikin gilashin zaren tsiraici na fili za a iya gani. A wannan gaba, ya kamata a juye abincin zuwa cikin tukunyar 2-3 na lita.

Matsaloli masu yiwuwa a haɓakar petunias

Bayan gano yadda ake girma petunia daga tsaba ko ƙwaya, kuna buƙatar yin shiri don matsaloli masu yuwu.

Shuka shuka

Itatuwan tsire-tsire mai sauƙi ne don gane, mai tushe yana raunana, ganye sun zama maras nauyi ko juya rawaya. Cututtukan naman gwari ko kwari a bayyane koyaushe a bayyane suke.

Cutar

Rashin bin ka'idodin ban ruwa da dasa shuki mai yawa suna haifar da haifar da "kafaƙar fata" a cikin seedlings na petunia. Yadda za a gyara matsalar:

1. Cire ƙwayar mara lafiya tare da tushen da ƙasa a kewayen;
2. Sauran tsire-tsire dole ne a bi da su ta hanyar kashe-kashe;
3. Saita tsarin mulkin shawo kan ruwa, hana tururuwar danshi.

Tsire-tsire na iya zama mai saukin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, cutar da ta fi kamari ita ce mildew powdery. Dalilin bayyanar shi shine canje-canje zafin jiki da ƙaruwar ƙasa. Dole ne a cire wuraren da suka lalace na petunia, sauran ana bi da su da ƙwayoyin sulfur.

Karin kwari

Petunias suna fuskantar wannan nau'in kwari:

• Gizo-gizo gizo-gizo - karamin gizo-gizo gizo wanda ke tashi sama a cikin ciyawar kuma ya mamaye shi cikin cobwebs. Fesawa tare da mahallin sulfur, ruwa da maganin taba zasu taimaka kawar da shi;
• Farar fata fararen fata ne. Don kawar da su, kuna buƙatar kula da ganyen tare da sabulu ko maganin ƙonawa, maganin kwari;
• Aphids sune kwari masu girma. Affectedan ɓangaren ganye yana shafawa, bayan wannan ganye yana girma. Zaku iya rabu da aphids tare da maganin sabulu-soda ko sinadarai.

Sauran matsaloli

Sauran matsalolin sun hada da ganye masu launin rawaya da mai tushe mai rauni, saboda wanda shuka ya faɗi. Wadannan matsaloli suna da alaƙa da dasawa da rashin kulawa. Wataƙila an shuka shuka a cikin ƙasa mara dacewa, ko kuma ba ta da abinci mai gina jiki da haske.

Daga cikin nau'ikan furanni na fure, petunia ya fi shahara, girma daga tsaba a gida da ƙarin kulawa na buƙatar kulawa mai mahimmanci. Dankin yana buƙatar shayarwa, dasa shi da kariya daga kwari a lokaci don samun kyakkyawan fure.

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